高考英語知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)全歸納

高考英語學(xué)問串講第1講一、LanguagePoints1.sharev.共享、合用：sharesthwithsbn.一份，股份sparea.業(yè)余的，備用的：sparetime,asparetirev.抽出，勻給：sparemefiveminutes/spareoneofsandwichesfortheboysparenoefforts：不遺余力sparenoexpense：不惜工本savev.節(jié)約，救出2.Hefeltluckytohavesurvivedthewar.3.withsbabout/oversth：和某人就某事爭辯arguefor/againststh：贊成/反對…Sbinto/outof(doing)sth：勸服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listento+賓+賓補(bǔ)(do/doing/done)getsbtodosthhave+賓+賓補(bǔ)(todo/tobedone)5.So+同一主語+助動詞So/neither/nor+助動詞+另一主語Soitis/waswith+另一主語6.should/oughtto/need/could/might/would+do/havedone7.except/but/exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwh-clausebesides/inadditionapartfrombutfor=without8.Thefirsttime+從句Forthefirsttime：作時間狀語It’sthefirsttime+that-clause(完成時)thefirst+名詞+todo9.mostmostofthe+n.(pl)/pron.themajorityof(the)mostly:主要地（狀）10.beequaltosth：與…相等beequalto(doing)sth：勝任(做)某事equalsth：與…相等equalsbinsth：在…方面與某人匹敵11.compare…to/with…comparedto/with…12.agreatmanyseveral/twodozen/hundred+n.(pl.)(many)dozensofagreatmanyof+the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/twodozenof+pron.13.muchtoo+adj/adv(原級)toomuch+n.(u.)toomany+n.(pl.)14.沒有被動態(tài)comeabout(主要用于疑問句、否定句)happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+takeplace(多表示有組織、有支配)breakout(指斗爭、災(zāi)難、疾病等的爆發(fā))occur(與happen通用)Itoccurstosbthat/todo…：某人突然想起…15.n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrasetodo：表將來With+賓+賓補(bǔ)doing：表正在進(jìn)行Done：表過去16.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的推斷方法：假如將句子中的“itbe”和“that”去掉，原句通順則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。例：ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.二、語法專題──名詞的考點(diǎn)1.考查可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞，尤其是很多不行數(shù)名詞在確定狀況下變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。2.考查名詞的格，即’s全部格，of全部格或雙重全部格。3.名詞作定語。4.名詞與名詞短語的辨析。5.名詞與介詞，冠詞，動詞的搭配。三、題型歸納──辨析型單項(xiàng)填空1.名詞的辨析名詞的辨析首先要留意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義區(qū)分，如parent指父親或母親，而parents指父母雙親；people指人們，而apeople指民族。其次留意可數(shù)與不行數(shù)時的意義區(qū)分，如:exercise指熬煉；而exercises指練習(xí)題或練習(xí)操；再次，留意同義名詞或近義名詞的區(qū)分，如::event指發(fā)生的重大事務(wù)、體育項(xiàng)目；incident指偶發(fā)事務(wù)；而accident指意外事務(wù)。最終還要留意近形詞的區(qū)分，如:cloth指布；cloths指各種不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(復(fù)數(shù))，clothing衣服(總稱)。2.動詞的辨析對于動詞的辨析，首先要了解動詞的與物與不與物，如:reply意為“回答，答復(fù)”后面接名詞時需接介詞to,此時為不與物動詞；后接從句時，則為與物動詞。其次是要弄清動詞的詞義區(qū)分，如:advise與persuade,前者指勸告、勸告，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程；而后者指勸服，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。最終還要區(qū)分各種非謂語動詞間的意義和用法：動詞的v-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行或伴隨的動作；v-ed形式表示完成或被動；todo形式表示即將進(jìn)行的動作等。3.形容詞、副詞的辨析對于形容詞、副詞，一是要留意近義詞間的區(qū)分，如:clever指對問題處理的圓滑；bright指對問題的反應(yīng)快；wise指選擇的正確等。此外，如wide與broad;strong與powerful;interesting與interested;exciting與excited等。二是留意同形的形容詞和副詞，如:close作形容詞時意為“親密的”；作副詞時意為“接近，靠攏”。三是留意同根副詞的區(qū)分，如:hard與hardly,前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意為幾乎不。四是留意副詞形式的形容詞，如:friendly,lovely,lively事實(shí)上是形容詞，切不行當(dāng)作副詞運(yùn)用。五是留意形容詞的位置區(qū)分，如:present+n.與n.+present，前者指當(dāng)前的；而后者指在場的。4.介詞的辨析對介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手，一是介詞的詞義，如:across,through,past,over為動作介詞，across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面橫過，越過；through強(qiáng)調(diào)從空間穿過；past強(qiáng)調(diào)從側(cè)面、旁邊經(jīng)過；over強(qiáng)調(diào)從空中越過而不接觸，也可以表示越過一段距離、空間等。此外，如above,over,on;with,by;of,to;to,for的區(qū)分。5.連詞的辨析連詞的區(qū)分主要在于：一是連詞的意義，如：when,while與as;because,since與for;whether與if;though,as與although等。二是留意時間名詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如：every/eachtime;thefirst/second…time;themoment;theminute等，它們都可作連詞，連接從句。三是留意副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如:directly,immediately,instantly等。四是留意連詞的詞序，如:onlyif與ifonly,前者意為“只要”，后者意為“要是…就好了”。6.代詞的辨析代詞的辨析包括不定代詞，如:other,others,theother,theothers,another等；人稱代詞，如:one,it,that等和關(guān)系代詞，如:which與that;which與as;whose與prep.+which/whom等。1.Doestheteacher____youtogohomethisweekendA.allow B.consent C.agree D.approve2.Afterthebigfire,thehousewascompletely____.A.ruined B.destroyed C.damaged D.spoiled3.Thehuntersaidhewasluckytogetoutoftheforest____.A.living B.alive C.lively D.live4.____talkingwithhisGrandma,hewentawaywithoutsayingaword.A.Tiringwith B.Tiringof C.Tiredwith D.Tiredof5.It’snecessarytohavesome____knowledgeforthisjob.A.electric B.electrical C.elctron D.electricity6.Thephoto____onthewallwastakeninBeijinglastyear.A.hang B.hanging C.hung D.hanged7.OnNewYear’sDay,people,especiallygirls,alwayswearnew____-newhats,newcoats,newtrousersandnewshoes.A.clothes B.clothing C.cloth D.cloths8.Hestaysup____intheeveningstogoonlinetogetthe____information.A.late,latest B.lately,last C.late,last D.latest,latest9.____isittoaskheraboutheraboutthatShedoesn’tknowiteither.A.Whatgood B.HowgoodC.WhatagoodD.Howmuchgood10.____IhaddoneitIknewIhadmadeamistake.A.Hardly B.Directly C.mostly D.Nearly11.ItissaidyouwenttoseeJennyyesterday.Whathasbecome___herA.from B.of C.into D./12.Whodoyouthinkwillbeallowed____theretomorrowA.visit B.tovisit C.visiting D.visited13.TodaywecaneitherflytoHainanIslandortakeaship___thesea.A.in B.across C.fromin D.acrossfrom14.Youwilfindwhatgreatbenefitthecomputeryouowncanbe____eachtimeyouuseittohelpyouwork.A.for B.of C.at D.on15.Ithoughthewasnot____ofaprofessorthefirsttimeIheardhimspeakingtothechildrenattheplatforminthehallofourschool.A.something B.anything C.somebody D.anybody16.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection17.____studentshavegraduatedfromthisschoolinthelasttwentyyears.A.Tensofthousandsof B.TensuponthousandsofC.Tensinthousands D.Tenthousandsof18.Thefarmersplantoproducethreetimes____intheyearbeforelasttomeettheincreasingneedofthepeople.A.ofcropasmuchthisyearas B.asmuchcropthisyearasC.asmorecropthisyearas D.muchcropthisyearthan19.Ithinkthehouseis____largeforafamilyoffourpeopleandthepriceisveryreasonable.A.too B.rather C.fairly D.alittle20.Hismotherdislikeshim,forhe____lies.A.tells B.isalwaystelling C.hastold D.alwaystold1-5ABBDB6-10BBAAB11-15BBDBB16-20BABCB第2講一、Languagepoints1.sb./sth.+adj/nsb./sth.+todoconsider(以為，認(rèn)為)＋sb./sth.+asthat-clausen.consider(考慮)＋doing疑問詞+todosth“把…當(dāng)作…”的譯法：consider…as=thinkof/lookon/take/regard/treat/have…as2.todoAway+ofdoing(that/inwhich)+定語從句AmethodofdoingsthbythismeansYoucansolvetheproblem+withthismethodinthiswaybymeansof:通過…方式，以…手段bythis/thatmeans:通過這種/那種方式byallmeans:務(wù)必，確定；（用于回答）當(dāng)然行，請bynomeans:決不，一點(diǎn)也不（用于句首時用倒裝）3.protect…(from)doingsthprevent/stop…(from)doingsthkeep…fromdoingkeep…doingunderthepotectionof…4.aswellaswellasmight/mayaswell=hadbetter5.todospecially+for-phraseespecially6.alongtheriver:沿著河流overtheriver:在河的正上方throughtheforest:穿過森林bytheriver:在河邊onthebank:在河岸上7.followtheinstructionsfollowone’sadviceasfollows8.beresponsibletosbforsth9.n.doing/todosthsbtodosthprefer+sthtosthdoingAtodoingBtodoAratherthandosththatsb(should)dosth10.n.+after+n.=one+n.+afteranother一個接一個（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的重復(fù)）n.+by+n.:一個接一個（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的變更）treeaftertree/daybyday11.say“hi”tosb.Pleaseremembermetosb.向“某人”問好Sendmyregardstosb.Sendthebestwishestosb.12.主+be+adj.+todo:不定式一般用主動式，與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)不定式的動詞是不與物動詞時，則應(yīng)在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。主+be+adj.+todo=Itbe+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todostheg.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.=It’sdifficulttoanswerthequestion.Themanishardtoworkwith.=It’shardtoworkwiththeman.當(dāng)不定式用作定語時，與其所修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且主語為該動作的執(zhí)行者時，也常常用主動形式。Eg.Hewantswatertodrink.Shehasaroomtolivein.IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere二、語法專題──冠詞的考點(diǎn)1.考查冠詞的一些基本用法，例如：復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不行數(shù)名詞表示泛指不用任何冠詞；the+單數(shù)名詞表類指；a/an+單數(shù)名詞表泛指。2.考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。如：incaseoffire,bewoundedintheleg,onthetelephone,leavecollege等。3.考查冠詞的活用。如：抽象名詞的詳細(xì)化，asuccess;a/an+專出名詞表泛指，anEdison。4.考查零冠詞的用法。三、題型歸納──結(jié)構(gòu)型單項(xiàng)填空結(jié)構(gòu)型試題常表現(xiàn)在句子中某些成分的省略、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的出現(xiàn)、倒裝或插入其他成分使前后分別等，從而引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變更，擾亂對句子的推斷。有省略的復(fù)合句。由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動詞的省略，導(dǎo)致對不定式作狀語產(chǎn)生誤會。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的影響。由于受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，往往會因?yàn)榫渥又械臉?biāo)點(diǎn)符號，弄錯句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。插入語的影響。有些句子由于中間插入了某些成分，而使句子顯得支離裂開，造成對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的誤會。倒裝句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)完全倒裝；(2)部分倒裝：1）在特殊疑問句和一般疑問句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情態(tài)動詞＋主語；3）當(dāng)虛擬語氣的條件從句中省略if時，were,had,和should應(yīng)置于句首，采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；4）表示祝福的句子：may+主語+動詞原形；5）as,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時：提前部分+as+主語+謂語動詞；6）表示否定意義的副詞、介詞短語和連詞詞組置于句首；7）當(dāng)notuntil+時間狀語從句置于句首時，主句應(yīng)采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而從句仍用正常語序；8）notonly…butalso…連接兩個句子時，第一個句子采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其次個句子不采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；9）nosooner…tham…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的兩個動作接連發(fā)生，當(dāng)nosooner,hardly和scarcely置于句首時，主句常把had置于主語之前，采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但從句不倒裝。10）only+副詞/介詞短語/賓語/時間狀語從句置于句首時，常采納倒裝，但only+主語則不應(yīng)采納倒裝；11）在so/such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，將so+adj./adv.或such置于句首時，其主句常采納倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，感嘆句，并列句的應(yīng)用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1)n+todo;2)n+doing;3)n+done;4)n+prep.+n.;5)n+adj/adv;6)n+n;7)with+n+todo/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1.Hesaidhewoulddowhathecould____us.A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped2.Hespentallthemoneyhehad____thatdictionary.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.bought3.Therearemorethanthreethousandstudentsinmyschool,mostof____fromthecountry.A.that B.which C.whom D.them4.Itishiscleverness,nothisstrenth,____defeatedhisrival.A.that B.which C.what D.who5.Thewayyouthinkof_____ourlivingconditionssoundsreasonable.A.improve B.toimprove C.improving D.improvement6.Ifeelstronglythatwhateveryou____mattertome.A.don’t B.dodoesn’t C.don’tdo D.doesn’tdo7.Isthisschool____youstudiedintwoyearsagoA.that B.when C.it D.theone8.Pleasetellmethewaythoughtof____thegarden.A.takecareof B.totakecareof C.takingcareof D.howtotakecareof9.MrWangwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinehehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itrepaired B.toberepaired C.repaired D.repairing10.Wewilldoeverythingwecan____ourcity.A.tosave B.save C.saving D.saved11.TheairqualityinBeijingaswellasintheneighboringcitiesweoncespentmuchtime____betterandbetter.A.ingetting B.havinggot C.inisgetting D.hasgot12.Whodidtheteacher,aswellasthemonitor,____anarticleforthewallnewspaperA.haswrite B.haswritten C.havewrite D.havewritten13.Whatdoyouconsider____toherA.tohappen B.happening C.happened D.happens14.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto____someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup B.settingup C.havesetup D.havingsetup15.Tohisjoy,thedayhelookedforwardto____atlastA.coming B.come C.came D.havecome16.Howlongdoyouthinkitis____shearrivedhereA.when B.that C.before D.since1-5BCDAB6-10BDBCA11-16CCCBCD第3講一、Languagepoints1.owesbsth=owesthtosb:欠某人某物owesthtosb/sth:將…歸功于…owingto…:由于…＝thanksto/becauseof/dueto…2.thinkhighly/poorly/little/alot+ofsb/sthspeakhighly/well/badly+ofsb/sthsinghighpraiseforsb/sth3.apologizetosbfor(doing)sthmakeanapologytosbfor(doing)sthexcusesbfor(doing)sthforgivesbfor(doing)sthpardonsbfor(doing)sth4.makeanimpressiononsbhaveanimpressionofsthimpresssthon/uponone’smindserveinthearmyontheofficeservethepeople/thedishservesbwithsth=servesthtosbserveasthechairmanmakejokesabout:取笑，拿…開玩笑＝makeajokeaboutlaughat:訕笑haveajokewithsb:開某人的玩笑playajokeonsb=playtricksonsb:戲弄injoke:鬧著玩，開玩笑7.todoIt’stime+forsthForsbtodosthThat-clause（一般過去時）8.theone/ones:替代同類事物中特指一個或一些one:替代上文提到的同類名詞中的一個，表泛指it:指上文提到的同一個事物that:替代上文出現(xiàn)的帶定冠詞的名詞或不行數(shù)名詞9.none:用來回答howmany/howmuch引導(dǎo)的問句，常與of連用noone:只能指人，用來回答who引導(dǎo)的問句neither:兩者都不，表單數(shù)nothing:用于指物，用來回答what引導(dǎo)的問句10.cloth布(u.):apieceofcloth表示某種特殊用途的布塊（桌布）：Wipeupthewaterwithacloth.clothes:衣服，服裝。是一個沒有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞：Asuitofclothes注：不能干脆用數(shù)詞修飾，但可用many,few,his,my,thse之類的詞修飾，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。clothing:服裝，衣著。是一個無復(fù)數(shù)形式的物質(zhì)名詞，除衣服外，還包括幌子，手套，鞋襪之類的東西，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Apieceofclothing,anartcleofclothingdress:指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交場合穿的禮服與婦女的連衣裙。suit:成套的衣服。11.live:活著，有生命的(作定語，主要用來指鳥或其他動物)，實(shí)況直播的lively:活潑的，有生氣的，生動的alive:活著的，還有氣兒的，是表語形容詞，在句中作表語或后置定語living:活著，健在的，現(xiàn)行的12.receive:收到，接到(客觀動作)；accept:接受，領(lǐng)受(主觀意愿)接受教化、懲處、支持，遭遇不幸，接待客人：只用receive接受某條件、建議：只用acceptturn+adj:常表示從某種狀態(tài)向其他狀態(tài)變更的自然現(xiàn)象Theweatherhasturnedmuchcolder.go+adj:常表示由好變壞的狀況：Themilkwentwrong/bad.become+adj:強(qiáng)調(diào)施動者的作用或變更的結(jié)果Pleasedon’e+adj:一般表示向好的方面變更。Mydreamhascometrue.14.含有插入語的疑問句：WhatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohimHowdoyousupposethefilmwillendWhydoyoubelieveheisunfitfortheoffice15.主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句：疑問部分依據(jù)主句確定，但是主句的主語是I/we,謂語是think/suppose/believe/hope/imagine/expect/guess/know/feel/besure/betold時，疑問部分依據(jù)從句確定，否定轉(zhuǎn)移時，疑問部分用確定語氣。Shethinkitisagoodidea,doesn’tsheIthinkitisagoodidea,isn’titIdon’tthinkitisagoodidea,isit二、語法專題──代詞的考點(diǎn)1.不定代詞：(1)all,any,none,both,either,neither;(2)another,other,theother,others,theothers;(3)復(fù)合不定代詞：someone,anyone,everyone,noone;something,anything,everything,nothing.2.it的用法：(1)it作實(shí)意代詞，代替日期、時間、季節(jié)、距離；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以與代替上文已提到的或下文將要提到的人、物或某種狀況；代替指示代詞this,that。(2)it作引導(dǎo)詞：作形式主語和形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞和從句；it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。3.替代詞one,ones,theone,theones,that,those的用法。4.人稱代詞在運(yùn)用中要留意主格和賓格的區(qū)分，反身代詞則要留意和主語一樣。三、題型歸納──習(xí)語、搭配型單項(xiàng)填空語言的習(xí)慣表達(dá)是語言在長期運(yùn)用過程中的結(jié)果，不能隨意變更。其表現(xiàn)形式主要在介詞短語、名詞短語與非謂語動詞短語的習(xí)慣搭配等方面。習(xí)語、搭配型單項(xiàng)填空主要考查對英語習(xí)語與搭配的駕馭和運(yùn)用，這就須要在平常多加留意和積累，切不行想當(dāng)然。1.介詞后的賓語：介詞后面常接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語，但是，在考試時要留意一些習(xí)慣用法。如：farfromsatisfied/over;takesthforgranted;inhospital與inthehospital;atsea與atthesea。2.冠詞的增刪：固定搭配中名詞前的冠詞的有無都是習(xí)慣用法，若去掉或增加，都會使其意思發(fā)生變更。如：inprison與intheprison;inbed與onthebed;inschool與intheschool;inpossessionof與inthepossessionof;inchargeof與inthechargeof;infrontof與inthefrontof。3.非謂語動詞短語的考查重點(diǎn)：一是非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系；二是非謂語動詞與謂語動詞所表示動作的時間先后關(guān)系；三是非謂語動詞的習(xí)慣用法。另外，有些非謂語動詞短語已經(jīng)從非謂語動詞短語中游離了出來，而成為表達(dá)某種意思的固定搭配。如：tobetrue;totellyouthetruth;tobeexact;judgingby/from;exactlyspeaking;franklyspeaking;comparedto/with等。4.動詞的搭配。如：meantodosth/meandoingsth;forgettodosth/forgetdoingsth;beusedtodoingsth/usedtodosth;headfor/goto;lendto/borrowfrom;setabout/setout;writedown/takedown/putdown等。5.動詞短語。如：haveacold/catchcold;takeplace/takeone’splace等。6.短語動詞。如：runout/runoutof;stickto/keepon;bringin/bringon等。7.形容詞短語。如：bestrictwith/in;differentfrom/in;becarefulof/with等。8.名詞短語。如：thenumberof/anumberof;aknowledgeof等。1.Nomatterwhatyousee,don’ttakeitfor____,butuseyourheadtothinkitover.A.grant B.granting C.granted D.grantness2.Whenwriting,heoftenkeepsadictionary____.A.inhand B.onhand C.athand D.handin3.Hiswifeoftengoesto____onSundays.A.church B.achurch C.thechurch D.churching4.Itisgoodforyouinyourfuturelife____English.A.havegoodknowledgeof B.tohavegoodknowledgeofC.tohaveagoodknowledgeof D.hasagoodknowledgeof5.____whathesaid,hehasbeentoAustralia.A.Judgeby B.Judgedby C.Judgingfrom D.Tojudgefrom6.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothersandaskingfornothing____.A.inreturn B.incase C.inaddition D.inturn7.Theyheldaceremony____thosekilledinthebattle.A.insteadof B.infavorof C.bymeansof D.inhonorof8.Theman____theshopsaidwecouldhavetwodaysoff.A.inchargeof B.inthechargeofC.takechargeof D.takethechargeof9.WhentheygottoAmerica,theynearly____money.A.ranout B.ranoutof C.ranaway D.ranawayfrom10.WordcamethatBrown____therecordinyesterday’smatch.A.made B.stroke C.beat D.hit11.Look,littleBettyisgivingatalktothechildrenandis____ateacher.A.somebodyof B.anybodylikeC.somethingof D.likeanything12.MrWangisveryold,butheworkslikeayoungman.Indeed,Ican’tadmirehim____.A.verymuch B.sowell C.toomuch D.quitewell1-6CCACCA7-12DABCCC第4講一、Languagepoints1.sthsthforsthprepare+forsthtodosthbepreparedforbepreparedtodosthmakepreparationsforTheytiedforfirstplaceinthegame.Wetiedwiththevisitingteaminthebasketballmatch.Thedogistiedtoatree.3.affectvt.影響effectn.效果，作用haveagood/badeffectonineffect事實(shí)上causeandeffect因果takeeffect生效，起作用comeintoeffect生效，實(shí)行effortn.努力withouteffort毫不費(fèi)勁makeeveryeffort盡一切努力sparenoeffort不遺余力weighvt.稱…的重量vi.重達(dá)…，重量為…putonweightloseweightbyweightinmeters/pounds/caloriesbytheday/theweek/theyard/thedozen/thetonin…參與…競賽compete+with/against…與…競賽/競爭for…角逐…，為獲得…而競賽Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereislife,thereishope.dosthnotdosthdosththandosthwouldrather+=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosththat-clause+did──表現(xiàn)在或?qū)韍addone──表過去dodamagetosthliveone’sdreaminruins/inpiecesunderattack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatmentalmost:差距比nearly小?？膳cnever,no,noone,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否定詞連用，但不能與not連用。nearly:不行與上述否定詞連用，但可與not連用，構(gòu)成Not…nearly,意為“遠(yuǎn)非…，遠(yuǎn)不與…”二、語法專題──形容詞和副詞的考點(diǎn)1.形容詞和副詞的辨析：一般無規(guī)律可循，只能在于平常時多積累。我們應(yīng)留意這幾點(diǎn)：(1)分清形容詞和副詞各自的語法功能，即形容詞常用作定語，而副詞常用作狀語；(2)駕馭詳細(xì)的形容詞、副詞的基本含義和語法功能。如therefore意為“所以”，在句中起關(guān)聯(lián)作用。(3)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加-ly，意義不太相同，應(yīng)加以辨別。常見的有：close接近──closely細(xì)致地，親密地；high高──highly高度地；free免費(fèi)──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，遲──lately近來；deep深──deeply深刻地，深化地；near鄰近──nearly幾乎；hard努力地──hardly幾乎不；most最──mostly主要地；wide寬敞──widely廣泛地；easy從容地──easily簡潔地(4)有些副詞與形容詞的詞形完全相同。換言之，有些詞同時兼有形容詞和副詞兩種詞性。常見的有：early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm等。2.形容詞和副詞的詞序：(1)enough用作形容詞修飾名詞時，可前可后；用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，只能位于之后。例：enoughtime/timeenough;strongenough。(2)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時要后置，somethingimportant。(3)as,how,so,too修飾單數(shù)名詞時，其詞序?yàn)椋篴s/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，toolargearoom;howinterestingafilm;MikeisascleveraboyasTom。(4)such修飾單數(shù)名詞時，其詞序?yàn)椋簊uch+a/an+adj.+n.，suchalargeroom;但名詞前是one,some,many,all,no等修飾時，其詞序?yàn)椋簅ne/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。(5)多個形容詞作定語時的詞序?yàn)椋嚎h官行令宴國才──限定詞＋描繪性形容詞＋大小、長短、凹凸等形容詞＋新舊＋顏色＋國家、地區(qū)＋材料＋用途＋被修飾名詞。限定詞包括：前位限定詞，如：倍數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞與all,both,half,double等；中位限定詞，如：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、全部格與some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much,whose等；后位限定詞，如：基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞與little(表示少)，few,last,next,other,another,more,less,most,several,least,plentyof等不定量代詞；限定詞的排列依次：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心詞。(6)倍數(shù)的表示法：AisntimesbiggerthanB.asbigasthesizeofJohnhasfivetimesasmanybooksasmine.3.形容詞和副詞的比較等級：(1)當(dāng)A>B時，比較級＋than(2)當(dāng)A>B，且B包含A時Heisolderthananyoftheotherboys(=anyotherboy)inhisclass.當(dāng)A>B，但B不包含A時Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.I’mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.(3)比較級＋and＋比較級：表示自身的變更The＋比較級，the＋比較級：表示隨之變更。(4)“否定詞＋謂語＋比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級I’veneverseenanicerbirdthanthisone.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.(5)常見的無比較級、最高級的形容詞和副詞有：cpmparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly),excellent(ly),extreme(ly),perfect(ly),complete(ly)等。(6)more+原級+than:與其說…不如說…。(7)可以修飾比較級的副詞有：any,even,far,much,rather,still,yet,abit,alittle,alot,byfar,但不行加very,many,more,fairly,quite(但quitebetter除外)。4.形容詞和副詞的成分區(qū)分：(1)不能作定語的形容詞(大多數(shù)以a開頭)：afraid,alike,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,ill,well,若要作定語，則分別改用frightened,similar,living,lone,shy,sleeping,waking,sick,healthy;有時這些形容詞也可以作定語，但一般作后置定語。(2)作狀語一般用副詞，但有時形容詞可作伴隨狀語。Hehurriedhome,fulloffear./Allmenallcreatedequal.三、題型歸納──語境、語境＋語法型單項(xiàng)填空在題干上附加一些語言信息，將詞法、句法等學(xué)問融入到語境之中，使試題語境化，其特點(diǎn)是：假如單獨(dú)看空白和選項(xiàng)，各個選項(xiàng)都是正確的。然而，將題干和選項(xiàng)聯(lián)系起來考慮，就只有一個最佳選項(xiàng)。常見的題型有：(1)對話語境；運(yùn)用對話語境命題是高考的一種趨勢，應(yīng)當(dāng)正確理解對話雙方的語氣、時態(tài)、語態(tài)，從而確定正確的選項(xiàng)；(2)句中的語境：有些試題選項(xiàng)中的一個或幾個似乎都適用這個問題，但是，依據(jù)句子的語境的意義，就可推斷出只有一個是最佳答案；(3)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，情態(tài)動詞與語氣，形容詞和副詞的級。1.----WhyTom,yourshirtissodirty----Mom,I____mystoreroomdownstairs.A.cleaned B.havecleaned C.wascleaningD.havebeencleaning2.----IthinkGorgedoesn’treallycareforTVplays.----Right,____hestillwatchestheprogram.A.and B.but C.or D.so3.Ifyoucan’tcometomorrow,we’ll____havetoholdthemeetingnextweek.A.yet B.even C.rather D.just4.I’mgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourbrotherthereA.totake B.tobetaken C.taken D.take5.Wearesureeverythinghere____bythetimeyoucomebackfromabroadinafewyears.A.hadchanged B.willhavechanged C.hadbeenchanged D.willhavebeenchanged6.Hello,you____323-65668.I’msorrybutI’munabletoansweryourcallrightnow.A.reached B.arereaching C.havereached D.hadreached7.Themeetingisnotover,andyou____notleave.A.will B.shall C.may D.need8.HadIlearntEnglishwell,I____theinterviewforthejobtomorrow.A.wouldtakeB.wouldhavetakenC.shalltakeD.couldbetaken9.Bobis____honestboy,andhewon’ttelllies.A.most B.themost C.amost D.verymuch10.Withthedoctor’streatment,Sallyfeels____betternow.A.very B.fairly C.so D.quite11.Thoughtheshipsunk,allthepeopleonher____beresuced.A.could B.should C.hadto D.wereableto12.Wewillallappreciate____youcancometojoinusindevelopingmyhometown.A.thatif B.itif C.itthat D.thatwhen13.____hesaidtousyesterday____trueA.Whatcan,was B.Thatcan,wasC.Canwhat,be D.Canthat,be14.HetoldmethathewouldrememberthedaysinBeijingUniversityforever____hegotmuchhelptherefromProfessorZhu.A.where B.which C.that D.when15.____iswhathedid,notwhathesaid,thatmovedusgreatly.A.It B.This C.Which D.As1-5DBDBD6-10BBACD11-15DBCDA第5講一、Languagepoints1.sth：與…一樣/符合sb：同意某人withone’sidea/opinion同意某人的看法whatsbsaid(觀點(diǎn)，所說的話)toon’splan/arrangement/suggestionagree同意某人的支配、支配、看法about/on/uponsth同意做某事todosththat-clause2.of/aboutsth提示remindsbtodosththat-clause使人回憶起…3.add…to…：把…加上(在)…addto=increase：增加，增進(jìn)addup(to)：加(起來是)，總計達(dá)…4.successn.(U)勝利，(C)勝利者/事succeedv.successfula.successfullyad.besuccessfulin(doing)sthsucceedindoingsth勝利做某事havesuccessindoingsthSb/sthisasuccess.be/stay/keep+intouchwith表狀態(tài)beoutoftouchwithgetintouchwith表動作losetouchwith6.incaseof+短語incase+從句innocase決不inanycase無論如何inthatcase假如那樣expensive/cheapvaluable/valuelesspriceless=veryexpensive：無價的respond(vi)+to…：對…回應(yīng)with/by：以…(方式)回答，響應(yīng)resonse(n.)beharmfultosb/sthdosb/sthharmdoharmtosb/sthdosb/sthgooddogoodtosb/sthdieout：(家族、物種等)死光，滅亡；(習(xí)俗、做法、觀念)消逝，過時；(火)熄滅dieaway：(風(fēng)、聲音、光線等)漸漸停止(消逝)diedown：(指爐火等)漸熄；(指騷動等)漸平靜；(指鬧聲)消逝dieoff：先后死去了；…死去dieof：死于內(nèi)因(如疾病、年老、饑餓、情感等)diefrom：死于外因(如損傷、事故、天災(zāi)等)11.asa/theresultof：由于…asaresult：結(jié)果，因此resultfrom：因…而引起resultin=cause：導(dǎo)致，致使…takemeasurestodosth：實(shí)行措施makeclothestoone’sownmeasure：量體裁衣late：晚，遲，不久前l(fā)ately=recently：近來last：最終，最終的latest：最近的，最新的later：后來；結(jié)構(gòu)常為：一段時間＋later：過了…之后adapttosth/sb：適應(yīng)某物/某人adaptsth/sbtosth/sb：使某物/某人適應(yīng)某物/某人adaptoneselfto：使自己適應(yīng)某事adaptfrom：依據(jù)…改寫/改編adapt：指修改或變更以適應(yīng)新條件Youshouldadaptyourselftthenewenvironment.adjust：是指“調(diào)整、調(diào)整”使之適應(yīng)Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyesfit：多指“大小適合”，引申為“吻合”Theshoesfittedmewell.suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、狀況”等Nodishsuitsalltaste.match：指“大小、色調(diào)、形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等”相配或相稱Aredjacketdoesn’tmatchgreentrousers.adoptsb：收養(yǎng)sth：采納devoteoneself/time/lifetolookforwardtodoingsthbe/getusedtostickto/getdownto/objecttofreeofchargeforfreebefreefromsetsb/sthfreebyforce：靠武力，強(qiáng)行beinforce：生效come/gointoforce：生效forceone’sway：強(qiáng)行前進(jìn)或進(jìn)入It’sone’sturntodosth：輪到某人干某事takeone’sturn：依次，輪到某人inturn：依次，輪番，反過來，轉(zhuǎn)而byturns：輪番，交替taketurns(at)doingsth/todosth：輪番干某事二、語法專題──介詞的考點(diǎn)1.常用介詞的意義區(qū)分(1)表示時間at+時間點(diǎn)：在…時刻，在…點(diǎn)鐘，在…歲時on+某天或某天的某個時間：在某日、星期幾、某日早中晚等in+時間段：在…期間，在…以后，在…時間內(nèi)by+時間：在…之前，不遲于…，常與完成時連用(2)表示方位：in/on/to/off(3)表示部位on+thehead/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打較硬或凸形的部位in+theface/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打較軟或凹形的部位by+thearm/hand/nose:表示牽、拉、抓某部位(4)表示之間：between/among(5)表示方式by：乘…(交通工具)，通過…(方法)，常接無冠詞名詞或動名詞with：以…工具/手段，用身體某部位，常接帶冠詞的詳細(xì)某工具in：表示表達(dá)的方法、媒介、工具、材料等through：通過…途徑/方式/方法(6)表示穿越through：表示從物體里面穿過，還可表示沿著街道、河流走across：表示從物體表面經(jīng)過，還可表示橫過街道、河流over：表示從物體上方越過，還可表示挎在肩上2.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句3.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)4.含有介詞的固定搭配①有無冠詞，意義不同infrontof/inthefrontofinchargeof/inthechargeofoutofquestion/outofthequestionattable/atthetableonearth/ontheearth②有無介詞，意義不同knowsb.相識某人/knowaboutsb.了解某人shootsb.擊中某人/shootatsb.向某人射擊searchsb.搜身/searchforsb.搜尋某人believesb.信任某人的話/believeinsb.信任某人的人格benefitsb.使某人受益/benefitfromsb.從某人那里得到好處③不要畫蛇添足serveforthepeople為人民服務(wù)enterintotheroom進(jìn)入房間followbehindme跟在我后面atthemoment……就…inthis/that/last/nextyear今年/那年/去年/明年inone/any/each/every/some/allyear一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年marrywithsb.與某人結(jié)婚gotoabroad出國liveinupstairs住在樓上④不要張冠李戴becaughtintherain被雨淋著（不用by）leaveforsomeplace動身去某地（不用to）setanexampletosb為某人樹立榜樣（不用for）inthedirection朝著…方向（不用to）doafavorforsb幫某人一個忙（不用to）differentfrom和…不同（不用with）withthehelpof在…的幫助下（不用under）stealsthfromsb偷某人的東西（不用of）⑤別丟三落四dropinonsb探望某人（別丟了on）dropinatsomeplace參觀某地（別丟了at）lookdownupon瞧不起（別丟了upon）thinkof…as認(rèn)為…是（別丟了of）lookon…as認(rèn)為…是（別丟了on）rxplaintosbsth向某人說明某事（別丟了to）frombehindthedoor從門后面（別丟了behind）beworthlisteningto值得一聽（別丟了to）三、題型歸納──邏輯型單項(xiàng)填空這類題型主要從句子的形式、句子的意義來考查對英語句子的把握和理解狀況，詳細(xì)表現(xiàn)在主謂一樣、意義一樣、人稱一樣、非謂語動詞與介詞的邏輯主語一樣等方面。1.QiongYaowithherworks____verypopularwithusyoungpeople.A.be B.are C.were D.become2.WhatIlikebest,totellyouthetruth,____,inmyopinion,thebooksmybrotherboughtmeasmybirthdaypresentlastweek.A.are B.is C.have D.existed3.Theteachertoldusthatpractice____perfect.A.make B.makes C.made D.making4.Hurryup,ifyou____therewithus.A.go B.willgo C.wouldgo D.couldgo5.Attheageofseven,____.A.hisfatherdied B.helosthisfatherC.hisdogfollowedhim D.hisparentsdivorced6.____,hismothersawhimplayinggameswithotherchildren.A.Onhiswayhome B.FromhisroomC.Fromheroffice D.Underhisnose7.Shehaslongbeenexpectingachancetostudyabroadandatlastshegot____.A.it B.that C.another D.one8.Ifastudentcanmakewhathasbeenlearned____whetherinc