外研版高三英語高三英語一輪復習-定語從句

高三英語一輪復習一一定語從句個個擊破——詞匯adj.普通的；平常的vi. 漂浮vi. 形成n. 天平n.階段n. （常作復數(shù)）設備n. （大學的）科，系vi.膨脹—contractvi.收縮（反義詞）n.混合物—mixvt.混合n.電—electricadj.電的；用電的—adj.與電有關的；電氣化的nn.結(jié)論—concludev.下結(jié)論n.&v.目標；以……為目標—aimlessadj.漫無目的的.n.設備；裝備—equipvt.裝備；配備vi.（化學）反應—reactionn.反應n.演講—lecturern.演講者.adj?.吃驚的；驚愕的—astonishingadj.令人吃驚的—vt.使吃驚—astonishmentn.驚奇?zhèn)€個擊破……短語.往 加入 .為……感到驕傲/自豪.應當；理應.過去（常常）…….與……反應.先走，發(fā)生，開始做，進行吧.使……整齊/有條理.弄清楚，弄明白.防止……進入.輪流單句語法填空.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffeewithsomesugarormilk?一Oh,I,dlikesomemilk(add)tothecoffee.Thedoctorthoughtwouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.1needsome(boil)watertowashdownmedicineafterbreakfast.Theydiscussedtheproblemforawholeday,buttheycouldn,tcometoan(conclude).Atfirst,ourcompanywasverysmall,butafterpurchasingsomesmallerones,itsoon(expand)intoalargeone.Hewas(astonish)tofindhisreadingabilityimproved.Hearingthenews,shefeltastrange(mix)ofexcitementandfear.IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereI(suppose)tomakedecisionsofmyown.Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainly(reflect)thelocalculture.ChinaDailyhasninewebsitesinthreelanguagesandthreemobileplatforms,(form)Asia,sbiggestnetworkofEnglish-languagenewsandinformation.Goodshoes,clothesandabackpackarethebasic(equip)youneedforyourhiking.IamreallyabitworriedbecauseIhavenoideawhatmyparents,(react)willbetomypoorexaminationresult.個個擊破?一.定語從句一、關系代詞引導的定語從句that用于下列情況：(1)先行詞是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞；(2)先行詞被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等詞修飾；⑶先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞；(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是)，thelast修飾；⑸先行詞中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句；(7)先行詞是theway,并在定語從句中充當狀語時，關系代詞用that/inwhich或省略關系詞。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry.他談到了他在那個國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方。whose用來指人或物，在定語從句中只作定語。Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.這家學校商店大部分的顧客是學生，因放假而暫停營業(yè)了。Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.很少進行體育鍛煉或飲食富含脂肪的孩子體重會增加很快。who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。I,vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我已與去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的我校的幾個學生成為了好朋友。which用于下列情況：（1）引導非限制性定語從句；⑵關系代詞充當介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關系代詞之前；⑶先行詞本身是that時；⑷引導的定語從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。（全國卷H）Thatevening,whichIwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.那天晚上我工作到很晚，隨后我會告訴你更多相關的情況。二、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關系代詞的選用。若介詞放在關系代詞之前，關系代詞指人時常用whom,指物時常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，whose指人、物皆可。（天津高考）IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我永遠不會走這么遠。.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用。一般來說，確定關系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義;從句中的動詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。⑵表示“整體和部分關系”介詞常用of。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前/后可以用ofwhich/whom。②the+比較級或最高級前/后用ofwhich/whom等。（2013-重慶高考）Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當中絕大部分是家庭成員。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich（=whoseprice）wasveryreasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。三、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別.一般情況下，as所引導的非限制性定語從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可，而which所引導的非限制性定語從句則只能放在主句之后。（2013-安徽高考）MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople,slonghelddreamscometrue.莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學獎，這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現(xiàn)實。.當非限制性定語從句的謂語為beannounced,beexpected,beknown,bereported,besaid,beshown等被動式謂語時，常用as引導。（福建高考）Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。.as表示整個主句內(nèi)容時，有時含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which無此意。.在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，關系代詞as代表整個主句所述的內(nèi)容，一般不用which。asweknow 眾所周知ashasbeensaidbefore 如前所述asisoftenthecase情況常常如此四、關系副詞引導的定語從句當關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關系副詞。其中when=表時間的介詞（如in,at,on,during等）+which；where=表地點的介詞（如in,at,on,under等）+which；why=表原因的介詞（如for）+whicho關系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。（2013?新課標卷H）WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.當我到達時，Bryan帶我去看了我將要住的房子。ThereasonwhyIdon,ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。注意：（1）當先行詞為一些表示抽象地點的名詞，如：point,situation,case,stage等時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，常用關系副詞where引導定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/whichoRememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.記住在明天的會議上我們還有一點必須弄清楚。She,sinahopelesssituation,wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.她處于無望的處境中，在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。⑵先行詞occasions當“時機”講時，用關系副詞when；當“場合”講時，用關系副詞whereoOccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有時間陪我的孩子們一天的機會很少。（2014-安徽蒙城一中二次月考）Whatdoyouthinkofthereasonthat/whichhegaveatthemeetingyesterday?你認為他在昨天的會議上給出的原因怎么樣？五、特殊定語從句分隔式定語從句先行詞與關系詞分隔插入式定語從句關系代詞與定語從句之間有插入語省略式定語從句介詞+關系代詞+不定式介詞+關系副詞fromwhere/sincewhen也可弓I導定語從句①Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.體力是你賴以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不復返了。②（2014?重慶一中高三二模）Toownacomputerinfamilies,whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago，nowbecomestrue.家里有臺電腦，在20年前我們認為這是不可能的事，現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)了。③Icameherein1949，sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.我1949年到這里，從那時起我就從事這項工作。④Westoodatthetopofthehill，fromwherewecanseethetown.我們站在山頂上能看到全鎮(zhèn)的景色。⑤Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohouse（that/which）hecanlivein.這個可憐的人沒有房子住。易錯警示在英語中，有許多從句，如主語從句、同位語從句以及強調(diào)句型與定語從句有許多相似之處。因此，命題人會利用這些相似性，設置一個特定語境，來考查考生對這些易混點的辨析能力。遇到這樣的問題，我們的思路就是，抓住它們各自的特征，結(jié)合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型或從句。①Ihavethreecars,noneofwhichisingoodcondition.（定語從句）②Ihavethreecars,butnoneofthemisingoodcondition.（并歹列句）③Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical.（定語從句，that在從句中充當賓語可省略）④Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning.（同位語從句，that在從句中不作成分，但不可省略）單句語法改錯TherearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandI,mtheonlyonechild,whoisverycommoninChinesefamilies.Travellingabroad,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting.Remember,youcantakethecontestinChinaDailynewspaper,thatisverypopularamonghighschoolstudents.willneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.Onanautumnafternoon,weweresenttoafarmwhichwelearnedtoplantpotatoes.Whatweallknow,agoodlearningenvironmentisofgreatimportanceifwewanttostudyEnglishwell.ThemanagerjusttoldmetosayanythingwhichIcouldimagineaboutthecity.TherearemanyshopswherecanlendpeopleTVsets.Theshopsareoftenfilledwithagreatmanypeople.Igavethatboysodifficultamathproblemwhichhecouldn,tworkout.TheyellowhousewhichwindowsfacesouthistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.用適當?shù)年P系詞填空Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses,butthisisnotapolitewayofgreetinginothercultures.Whentimesbecomedifficult,rememberamomentinyourlifewasfilledwithjoyandhappiness.Betweenthelecturesis20minutes,break,thestudentscangetrelaxed.Playingbasketballisasportworkingasateammattersmore.Forexample,theotherdayIsawacouple,werebuyingmagazinesattheairport.Getyourselffamiliarwithlocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestoyouaretravelling.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Unfortunately,thesamebraintellsustolooktowardthefuturewillonlyrepeatitselfsothat“someday”neveractuallyarrives.AstoryIreadtwoyearsago,nameIcan,trememberclearly,changedmyideaabouteducation.Thescenicspotcanattract10,000touristseveryyear,ofuptohalfareforeigners.TheInternetiswidelyusednowadays,speedsuptheappearanceofsomenewindustries.ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinChina,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepastdecades.Myuncleretiredin1998,sincehehasbeendevotinghistimetohelpingpoorchildren.Guesswhat!Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorning,withIhavelosttouchforalmost20years.個個擊破——閱讀理解Thesoundofamosquitocanmeantroubleinmanypartsoftheworld.Thebiteofthemosquitocanbedeadly.Theinsectscarryseriousdiseaseslikemalaria.Itisestimatedthatalmost630,000peoplediedfrommalariaandmalaria-relatedcausesin2012,andmostofthesecaseswereinAfricancountries.IntheUnitedStates,agroupofCaliforniascientistsisworkingtodevelopamoreeffectiveandlesscostlysubstance（物質(zhì)）toprotectpeoplefrommosquitoes.Theresearchersareinvestigatingthesenseofsmellinmosquitoes.Theyfoundtheinsectsusethesamereceptor（感受器）foridentifyingcarbondioxideinhumanbreathastheydoforthesmellofourskin.AnandasankarRay,whoisleadingtheinvestigation,saysscientiststestedmorethanamillionchemicalcompounds（化合物）untiltheyfoundasubstancecalledEthylpyruvate.HesaysEthylpyruvatemakesthemosquitoes,receptorinactive."WhenweapplyEthylpyruvatetoahumanarmandofferittohungrymosquitoesinacage，veryfewofthemosquitoesareattractedtothehumanarmbecauseonlyafewofthemareabletosmellitout,“saidRay.GenevieveTauxe,amemberoftheresearchteam,saysitwasnoteasytofindtheneurons（神經(jīng)兀）ofnoblecellsthatrecogniseboththesmellofhumanbreathandskin."Withthedeviceusedtoexaminemosquitoes,weareabletoinsertaverysmallelectrode（電極）intothepartofthemosquitoes,nose,whereitssmellingneuronsareandwherethesmellishappening,“saidTauxe.AnandasankarRaysaysaproductbasedonEthylpyruvatemaycostlesstoproducethanDEFT,themosteffectivechemicaltreatmentnowinuse.HesaysDEFTistoocostlyformostpeoplewholiveinareasaffectedbymalaria.“Perhapsbyfindingsmellsthatcanattackothertargetreceptors,wewillbeabletoimproveuponDEFTandfinallyhavethenextgenerationofinsectbehaviorcontrolproducts,“saidRay.ThebesttitleforthepassageismostprobablyScientistsFindNewSubstancetoFightMosquitoesANewGenerationofDEETHasBeenDevelopedtoKillMosquitoesMalaria—aSeriousDiseaseCausing630,000DeathsEthylPyruvate-anInsectBehaviorControlProductAccordingtothepassage,EthylPyruvatecan.A.killthemosquitoes,smellingneuronsB.causethemosquitoestolosetheirsenseofsmellC.resultintheinactivenessofthemosquitoes,receptorD.makethemosquitoesuninterestedinhumanbreathandskinsmellThroughthepassage,thewriteraimsrmreadersofthenewdevelopmentinfightingmosquitoespraisetheachievementsmadeinthebattleagainstmalariaintroduceacheaperproductinfightingmosquitoestellthedifferencesbetweenEthylPyruvateandDEETThispassagemostprobablyappearsin.thecolumnofnewspaperadsthehealthcolumnofamagazineatextbookofmedicalschoolsacollectionofdoctors,essays個個擊破~~完形填空IwasinHoustonafewweeksago，andneededtobebackhomeinAustinbynoonthenextday.I,dhavealong,tiringridehome,soIdecidedto1around5inthemorning.Iwason1-10inthemiddleofHoustonwhenIrealizedIleftmyinhalerbehind,andhadto2togetit.ItookthefirstexitIcould，butwhenIroundedthecorner,an18-wheelerwasstoppeddeadintheexitlane.Iswervedto_3__it,butclippedthecurbandmytyreblewout.Ipulledintoasmallparkinglotandfoundthearea4at5：15am.I,velivedinurbanareasmostofmylife.I,mfairlystreetwiseandnot5scared,butIknewIwasinapretty6neighborhood.TherewasnooneinHoustontopickmeup.Iimmediately_7_thedoorsandpickedupmyphonetocallatowtruck.Soonaman_8onmydriver,ssidewindowandaskedifhecouldhelpme.Fromhis9andbehaviour,Iknewhewasfarmorelikelyto_10二thanhelpme,soIpolitely_11=himdownandtoldhimthetowtruckwasdueanyminute.Heaskedagain,butagainIpolitely12.Hefinallysaid,“Ma,am,youneedhelp.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthetowtruckwillarrive,andyouaren,tgoinganywhereuntilyougetthetyrereplaced.”Ilookedhard,straightintohiseyes,and_13_sawsomeonedifferentfromthethug（惡棍）heappearedtobeatfirstglance.So,—14allrationaljudgment,buttrustingmyinstincts（本能），Igotout.Helooked_15_,butgotrighttowork,tryingtofindthe16.Ittookawhile, 17itwasstoredunderneaththevan.He_18_thetyre,returnedtheseat（機座）toitsplaceandsaid,“Thankyouforlettingmehelpyou.Yougavemea（n）-19whenmostpeoplewouldneveropenthedoortosomeonelikeme.”Ileftwithanewtyreandarenewed20inhumannature.A.setout B. setdown C.setabout D. setasideA.run B.continue C.return D.speed

3.A.catchB.escapeC.followD.avoid4.A.crowdedB.desertedC.scaringD.noisy5.A.suddenlyB.terriblyC.easilyD.likely6.A.toughB.friendlyC.safeD.modern7.A.openedB.lockedC.cleanedD.covered8.A.struckB.pushedC.touchedD.knock