2020-2021學(xué)年上海市青浦區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（一模）

第1頁（共1頁）2020-2021學(xué)年上海市青浦區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（一模）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.Restaurantwaitressandcustomer.B.Travelagentandcustomer.C.Shopassistantandmanager.D.Hotelcashierandguest.2．（1分）A.Jobhunting.B.Newspapercolumns.C.Workload.D.Adpublishing.3．（1分）A.Shedoesn'tneedtoreadthemenu.B.Shewilltakethetroubletocopy.C.Sheisgratefulfortheman'shelp.D.Shedoesn'tknowhowtomakeacopy.4．（1分）A.Themanistiredofreadingmessages.B.Theman'sbossdoesn'tliketohearbadnews.C.Theman'sbossisaskinghimtodoextrawork.D.Themandoesn'tlikehisboss.5．（1分）A.Theyshouldborrowaguidebookfromothers.B.Theyshouldcutdownonthepriceonbooks.C.TheyshouldputofftheirvisittoSydney.D.Theyshouldpayforagoodguidebook.6．（1分）A.Waitforanotherinvitation.B.Enjoythenightwiththeman.C.Stopdoinghousework.D.Workonherassignment.7．（1分）A.Theyshouldcaremoreaboutdetails.B.Sheforgotwherethemeetingtookplace.C.Theyoughttosticktothepackagingissue.D.Sheagreedtodiscusstheclientlunchrightnow.8．（1分）A.Shedoesn'twantthemantogivehermoney.B.Shedoesn'trememberthecostofthetaxi.C.Thesandwichdoesn'tcosthertoomuch.D.Themandoesn'tevenownanything.9．（1分）A.ThemanhasbeentoParisbefore.B.ItisnotagoodtimetogotoParis.C.AtriptoParisistoocostlyfortheman.D.MakingbudgetsinParisusuallytakes2weeks.10．（1分）A.Shewillbebusythewholeafternoon.B.Shedoesn'tenjoyworkingwiththeman.C.Shewantstoworkonthereportonceagain.D.Shedoesn'tfinditnecessarytopolishthereport.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheshortpassagesandthelongerconversation.Theshortpassagesandthelongerconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A.Theywillbeabsent﹣minded.B.Theywillmakeelectricdevices.C.Theywillusephysicaltextbooks.D.Theywillbemorecommunicative.（2）A.Printingoutassignmentsforthestudents.B.Usingtraditionalin﹣classworktoassess.C.Gettingfamiliarwiththeuseofplatform.D.Leavingtheanswersopeninsteadoffixed.（3）A.Theprosandconsofpostinglessonsonline.B.Thetipsongivingonlineassignmentstoavoidcheating.C.Thenegativeeffectsofonlinelearninganditssolutions.D.Theguidanceforproperapplicationofelectronicdevices.12．（4.5分）（1）A.Itcouldstayintheairlongerthanahelicopter.B.Itcouldreachaspeedofaround98milesperhour.C.Itwasmanufacturedforthelocalnewspapercontest.D.Itmeasured45feetinwidthwhenitswingsspreadout.（2）A.Hestartedflyingpaperplanesearlierthananyofhisclassmates.B.HeistheonewhoorganizedtheGreatPaperAirplaneLaunch.C.Heisthefirstschoolboytoflytheworldbiggestpaperplane.D.Heworkedtogetherwiththeprojectteamtobuildtheplane.（3）A.Thebirthoftheworld'slargestpaperplane.B.Children'spassionforflyingpaperplanes.C.Aboy'sgreatdreamofdesigningaplane.D.Thegrowthofpaperplaneengineering.13．（6分）（1）A.Herparentswanttohaveawordwiththeheadmasteratschool.B.Herparentsdon'tagreewithherdecisiontobeanartist.C.Herparentsdon'twanthertotransfertoanArtSchool.D.Herparentsareworriedaboutherschoolwork.（2）A.Entryqualificationsarethesameforbothtypes.B.Ittakesmoretimeandeffortstobeatraditionalartist.C.Acartoonpainterhastotakeayear'sfoundationcoursefirst.D.GoingtoanArtSchoolisessentialtobeacommercialartist.（3）A.GotoaTechnicalCollegeandgetagoodjobafterthat.B.Changehermindbeforeshebreaksherparents'heart.C.BeateacheraftergettingtrainedatanArtSchool.D.Haveherparentsmeetandtalktotheartmaster.（4）A.Juliaisbothhesitantandstubbornindecision﹣making.B.Julia'sparentsthinkhighlyofherartworkatschool.C.Theheadmasterisanexpertinteacher﹣studenttalk.D.Mr.SmithwillrecommendJuliatoanArtSchool.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）EatingjellyfishcouldsaveendangeredfishAccordingtotheIUCNRedList32，000speciesarethreatenedwithextinction﹣everythingfrombirdsandmammals.Despitenationalandinternationaleffortsbeinggatheredtoprotectthreatenedspecies，weactivelyfishformanyofthem.Forthoseofuswhoenjoytheoddfishandchips，thisisn'tgreatnews，（1）theresearchershavecomeupwithanunusualwaywecanhelpwhilestillenjoyingseafood﹣anditinvolveseatingjellyfish.Between2006and2014，92vulnerableorendangeredspeciesofseafoodwerebeingcaught，recorded，andsold.Whentheyaresold，itisrarethatfishandinvertebrate（無脊椎的）species（2）（require）tobelabelledaccordingtospecies，soconsumershavenowayofknowing（3）they'reeating.Theresearchteamstressesthefact（4）thisisonlyabriefviewoftherealproblem."Alotoftheseafoodcatchandimportrecordsarelistedingroupslike'marinefish'.Herewedidn'tlookatthosevaguerecords，weonlylookedatrecords（5）theactualspecieswaslisted﹣sowe'vemadeahugeunderestimateoftheactualcatchofendangeredspecies."Therearesomewaystountiethemesswe'recreatingintheworld'soceans，including（6）（expand）ourideaofseafoodtoincludejellyfish.Thatmightsoundalittleoffthetheme，butit'snotthefirsttimescientistshavesuggested（7）asafoodsource.ItmakesalotofsensebecauseJellyfishisconsideredaminorspeciesofwildanimalsandscientistsmightthinkitsnumberisincreasingworldwide.Ofcourse，thereareotherwaystohelpkeependangeredspecies（8）themenu."Weneedtoimprovethelabellingofseafood（9）theconsumerscanhavealloftheinformationtomakeaninformedchoice，"UQconservationscientistCarissaKleintoldScienceAlert.Andtheinformedchoice，atleastinsomeplaces，is（10）（easy）thanyoumightimagine.InAustralia，wheretheresearchersarebased，there'stheSustainableSeafoodGuidetoprovidethebestchoicesforseafood.There'salsoSeafoodWatchintheUS，whichisrunbytheMontereyBayAquarium.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A.modifiedB.suspectedC.equivalentD.compoundE.hardlyF.substituteG.persistsH.impactingI.crucialJ.previouslyK.concentrationsWaterontheMoonNASAsaystherearewatermolecules（分子）onourneighbor'ssunnysurface.NASAhasconfirmedthepresenceofwateronthemoon'ssunlitsurface，abreakthroughthatsuggeststhechemical（1）thatisvitaltolifeonEarthcouldbedistributedacrossmorepartsofthelunarsurfacethantheicethathas（2）beenfoundindarkandcoldareas."Wedon'tknowyetifwecanuseitasaresource，"NASAAdministratorJimBridenstinesaid，butheaddedthatlearningmoreaboutthewateris（3）toU.S.planstoexplorethemoon.Thediscoverycomesfromthespaceagency'sStratosphericObservatoryforInfraredAstronomy，orSOFIA﹣a（n）（4）Boeing747thatcantakeitslargetelescopehighintoEarth'satmosphere，ataltitudesupto45，000feet.Thoseheightsallowresearcherstopeeratobjectsinspacewith（5）anyvisualdisturbancefromwatervapor.Todetectthemolecules，SOFIAusedaspecialcamerathatcandistinguishbetweenwater'sspecificwavelengthof6.1micronsandthatofitsclosechemicalrelativehydroxyl，orOH.Thedataconfirmwhatexpertshave（6），thatwatermightexistonthemoon'ssunnysurface.Butinrecentyears，researchershadbeenabletodocumentonlywatericeatthemoon'spolesandotherdarkerandcolderareas.Expertswillnowtrytofigureoutexactlyhowthewatercametoformandwhyit（7）.NASAscientistspublishedtheirfindingsinthelatestissueofNatureAstronomy."Datafromthislocationrevealwaterin（8）of100to412partspermillion﹣roughly（9）toa12﹣ouncebottleofwater﹣trappedinacubicmeterofsoilspreadacrossthelunarsurface，"NASAsaidinareleaseaboutthediscovery."Withoutathickatmosphere，wateronthesunlitlunarsurfaceshouldjustbelosttospace，"saidCaseyHonniball，theleadauthorofastudyaboutthediscovery."Yetsomehowwe'reseeingit.Somethingisproducingthewater，andsomethingmustbetrappingitthere."Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthewater'spresence，includingthepossibilitythatitwasdeliveredtothesurfacebystonymicroobjects（10）themoon.Smallballsofglassfromthatprocesscouldtrapwater，accordingtotheresearchers'paper.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）Forstudentschasinglastingwealth，thebestchoiceofacollegemajorislessobviousthanyoumightthink.Theconventionalwisdomisthatcomputerscienceandengineeringmajorshavebetteremployment（1）andhigherearningsthantheirpeerswhochooseliberalarts.Thisistrueforthefirstjob，butthelong﹣termstoryismore（2）.TheadvantageforSTEM（science，technology，engineeringandmathematics）majors（3）steadilyaftertheirfirstjobs，andbyage40，theearningsofpeoplewhomajoredinfieldslikesocialscienceorhistoryhavereachedthesamelevel.Thishappensfortworeasons.First，manyofthelatesttechnicalskillsthatareinhigh（4）todaybecomeout﹣datedwhentechnologyprogresses.Olderworkersmustlearnthesenewskillsonthefly，（5）youngerworkersmayhavelearnedtheminschool.Skillundesirabilityandtheincreased（6）fromyoungergraduatesworktogethertolowertheearningsadvantageforSTEMdegree﹣holdersastheyage.Second，althoughliberalartsmajorsstartlow，they（7）catchuptotheirpeersinSTEMfields.Thisisbydesign.Aliberalartseducation（8）valuable"softskills"likeproblem﹣solving，criticalthinkingandadaptability.Suchskillsarehardtoquantify，andtheydon'tcreateclear（9）tohigh﹣payingfirstjobs.Buttheyhave（10）inawidevarietyofcareersinthelongrun.AccordingtotheCensusBureau'sAmericanCommunitySurvey，computerscienceandengineeringmajorsbetweentheagesof23and25earned37%higherthantheaveragestartingsalaryofthosemajoringinhistoryorsocialsciences.（11），theaveragesalaryofthosemajoringincomputerscienceorengineeringbyage40was＄111，870，andsocialscienceandhistorymajorsearned＄131，154，anaveragethatis（12）inpart，byhigh﹣payingjobsinmanagement，businessandlaw.Whydidthathappen？Accordingtoa2018survey，thethree（13）ofcollegegraduatesthatemployersconsideredmostimportantwerewrittencommunication，problem﹣solvingandtheabilitytoworkinateam.Intheliberalartstradition，theseskillsarebuiltthroughthe（14）betweeninstructorsandstudents，andthroughclosereadingandanalysisofabroadrangeofsubjectsandtexts.I'mnotsuggestingthatstudentsshouldavoidmajoringinSTEMfields，butIdothinkweshouldbecarefuloftheurgetomakecollegecurriculaevermore（15）andcareer﹣focused.Afour﹣yearcollegedegreeshouldpreparestudentsforthenext40yearsofworkinglife，andforafuturethatnoneofuscanimagine.（1）A.perspectivesB.processesC.performancesD.prospects（2）A.complicatedB.uniqueC.interestingD.believable（3）A.sharpensB.dominatesC.fadesD.worsens（4）A.spiritB.favourC.esteemD.demand（5）A.otherwiseB.whileC.sinceD.therefore（6）A.concernB.cautionC.competitionD.cooperation（7）A.dramaticallyB.graduallyC.rapidlyD.obviously（8）A.fostersB.admiresC.describesD.weakens（9）A.exitsB.shortcutsC.alternativesD.pathways（10）A.shortageB.hardshipC.valueD.wisdom（11）A.StillB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead（12）A.calculatedB.stressedC.comparedD.lifted（13）A.qualitiesB.elementsC.charactersD.majors（14）A.argumentB.relationshipC.dialogueD.gap（15）A.technicalB.liberalC.intellectualD.classicalSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）AlexElmanrunsabigbusiness﹣somethinghardtoimagineaftershelosthersightinhertwenties.ButElmansaysthatlosinghersighthelpedherfocusonfindingsuccess.Elman'sfatherplantedahillsidevineyardinwesternMassachusettsin1981.It'swhereElmanfledduringthedarkestperiodofherlife.Whenshewas27yearsold，shewentblindduetocomplicationsfromJuvenilediabetes（青少年糖尿病）17yearsago.Sherecalled，"Ihidinmyhome.Ihidintheplace，tome，thatwasthesafestplaceintheworld."ElmanisnowthefounderofAlexElmanWines，agrowingcollectionoforganicwinesfromallaroundtheworld：ChiantifromItaly，TorrontesfromArgentina.Elmandoesn'tworkalone.Herassistant，aguidedognamedHanley，issomethingofawinetaster，andquiteabeggar.HanleytravelstoallofthewineriesthatElmandoes，fromSouthAmericatoEurope.Atfirst，Elmanresistedtheideaofaseeing﹣eyedog.Nowit'shardtoimagineherlife，orherbusiness，withouthim.Shesaid，"WhensomeonetellsmesomethingisorganicandIdon'treallybelieveitbecauseItastesomethingfunnyonit，I'llputitinfrontofhisfaceandifhelikesthewine，he'llactuallygoinandsniffit.Ifit'snotright，he'llturnhisheadaway…Hegetsinthedirtwithme.Hescratchesaround.Hemakessurethatweseeearthwormsandbutterflies.That'showweknowthatthesoilisactuallyorganic，thattherearenochemicals."ElmantoldCBSNewsshebelievesthelossofhervisionwasagift.Shesaid，"ItallowedmetopayattentiontowhatIthoughtwasimportantandalsotobeabletoteachpeoplethatthebrokenhangnailisnotabigdeal，youknowwhatImean？Don'tsweatthesmallstuff.Don'tsweatthebigstuffeither."（1）FromPara.2，weknowthatElman.A.gotthroughherharddaysinthevineyardB.likedplayinghide﹣and﹣seekduringherchildhoodC.sufferedfromjuvenilediabetesfrom27yearsoldD.losthersightwhilehelpingwithfarmworkin1981（2）Hanleyisdescribedas"quiteabeggar"because.A.itisaguidedogB.itiscapableofdrinkingC.itwinspermissiontobewithElmanD.ittravelsallovertheworld（3）WheneverElmancouldn'tjudgethewineexactly，shewould.A.makeHanleydrinkitB.turntoHanleyforadviceC.orderHanleytoheadawayD.haveanothertasteherself（4）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwillElmanmostprobablyagreewith？A.Thereisnoroyalroadtosuccess.B.Asingletreedoesnotmakeaforest.C.Theeyeisblindifthemindisabsent.D.Whenlifegivesyoulemons，makelemonade.18．（6分）SerenaWilliamsBiography（1981﹣）WhoIsSerenaWilliams？SerenaWilliamsisanAmericanprofessionaltennisplayerwhohasheldthetopspotintheWomen'sTennisAssociation（WTA）rankingsnumeroustimesoverhercareer.Shewonherfirstmajorchampionshipin1999andcompletedthecareerGrandSlamin2003.Alongwithherindividualsuccess，SerenahasteamedwithsisterVenusWilliamstowinaseriesofdoublestitles.EarlyLifeandFamilySerenaWilliamswasbornonSeptember26，1981，inSaginaw，Michigan.TheyoungestofRichard'sfivedaughters，SerenaandhersisterVenuswouldgrowuptobecomegreattennischampions.Serena'sfather﹣aformersharecropperfromLouisianadeterminedtoseehistwoyoungestgirlssucceed﹣usedwhathe'dcollectedfromtennisbooksandvideostoinstructSerenaandVenusonhowtoplaythegame.Attheageofthree，practicingonacourtnotfarfromthefamily'snewCompton，California，home，Serenaenduredthehardshipofdailytwo﹣hourdemandingpracticesfromherfather.TheWilliamsSistersWiththeirsignaturestyleandplay，VenusandSerenachangedthelookoftheirsport.Theirsheerpowerandathleticabilityoverwhelmedopponents，andtheirsenseofstyleandpresencemadethemstandoutcelebritiesonthecourt.Theclose﹣knitsisterslivedtogetherformorethanadozenyearsinagatedPalmBeachGardensregioninFlorida，buttheywenttheirseparatewaysafterSerenaboughtamansioninnearbyJupiterinDecember2013.In1999，SerenabeatouthersisterVenusintheirracetothefamily'sfirstGrandSlamwinwhenshecapturedtheU.S.Opentitle.Itsetthestageforarunofhigh﹣powered，high﹣profilevictoriesforbothWilliamssisters.TheSerenaSlamIn1995Serenaturnedpro.In2002，SerenawontheFrenchOpen，theU.S.Open，andWimbledon，defeatingsisterVenusinthefinalsofeachtournament.ShecapturedherfirstAustralianOpenin2003，makingheroneofonlysixwomenintheOpeneratocompleteacareerGrandSlam.Thewinalsofulfilledherdesiretoholdallfourmajortitlesatthesametimetomakeupwhatshe'dcalled"TheSerenaSlam."（1）WhatcanwelearnabouttheWilliamssistersfromthepassage？A.SerenalivestogetherwithVenus.B.SerenaandVenusaretwinsisters.C.TheWilliamssistersoutstoodbeyondtheirtalents.D.SerenadefeatedVenuswinningherfirstchampionship.（2）Accordingtothe2ndand3rdpartsofthepassage，whichstatementistrue？A.Serenausedtoreceiveverystricttrainingwhenshewasachild.B.TheWilliamssistersmanagedtocopytheiropponentsstyles.C.Serenaboughtherselfahouseattheageof30inMichigan.D.SerenaandVenusarehostiletoeachother.（3）Whatdoes"TheSerenaSlam"meanaccordingtothepassage？A.SerenawonherfirstAustralianOpenin2003.B.SerenawonthechampionshipsinthefourOpeninarow.C.SerenadefeatedhersisterVenusinthefinalsofeachtournament.D.SerenabecamethefirstintheOpeneratocompleteacareerGrandSlam.19．（8分）Onewaytodivideuptheworldisbetweenpeoplewholiketoexplorenewpossibilitiesandthosewhosticktothetriedandtrue.Infact，thetensionbetweenbettingonasurethingandtakingachancethatsomethingunexpectedandwonderfulmighthappentroubleshumanandnonhumananimalsalike.Takesongbirds，forexample.Thehalf﹣dozenfinches（雀）restingatmydeskfeederallsummerknowexactlywhatthey'llfindthere：blacksunflowerseed，andlotsofit.Meanwhile，thewarblers（鶯）exploringthewoodsnearbydon'tdependonthispredictablefoodsourceinfineweather.Asfoodhunters，theyenjoylessexposuretopredatorsand，asabonus，thechancetomeettheperfectmateflyingfromtreetotree.This"explore﹣exploit"trade﹣off（權(quán)衡）haspromptedscoresoflabstudies，computersimulationsandalgorithms（算法）tryingtodeterminewhichstrategybringsinthegreatestreward.Nowanewstudyofhumanbehaviorintherealworld，publishedlastmonthinthejournalNatureCommunications，showsthatingoodtimes，thereisn'tmuchofadifferencebetweenpursuingnoveltyandstickingtothestatusquo（原狀）Whenthegoinggetstough，however，explorersarethewinners.Thenewstudy，ledbyShayO'FarrellandJamesSanchirico，bothoftheUniversityofCalifornia，Davis，alongwithOrrSpiegelofTelAvivUniversity，examinedtheroutesandresultsofnearly2，500commercialfishingtripsintheGulfofMexicooveraperiodof2.5years.Thestudyfocusedon"bottomlongline"fishing，asystemwherehundredsoflinesareattachedtoahorizontalbarthatisthenloweredtoreachtheseabed.Dr.O'Farrellexplainedtheprocedurethisway：Gotoalocationandputthelinedown.Stayforafewhours.Thelinesareamilelongandhaveabuoy（浮標(biāo)）ateitherend.Whentheypullthatup，theyassessthecatch，andthendecideiftheywillstayormoveontoadifferentspot.Overtwoyearsofcollectingdataundervariousclimateconditions，theresearchersdiscoveredthatthefishermenwerefairlyconsistent."Theexploiterswouldgotoasmallersetoflocationsoverandover，andgowithwhattheyknow，"Dr.O'Farrellsaid.Theexplorerswouldconstantlytryawiderrange；they'dsamplenewplaces.Inthelongrun，therewasn'tahugedifferenceinpayoffsbetweenthetwogroups，perhapsduetothesharinginformationbetweenfishingcrews，saidDr.O'Farrell.Butinchallengingtimes，thestudy'smessagewasclear："Youcantrynewthingsinthefaceofuncertainty."（1）Theauthortakesthesongbirdasanexampletoindicatethat.A.likebirds，humanstendtobesatisfiedwiththepredictableB.somebirdsareusedtolookingforfoodinsteadofbeingfedC.thereexisttheconservativeandtheadventurouslikehumansD.birdschoosedifferentwaystolookforfoodindifferentweather（2）Accordingtothethirdparagraph，peoplewhomastered"explore﹣exploit"trade﹣off.A.willchooseeithertopursuenoveltyorkeepthestatusquoB.arereadytoriskintimeofdifficultyC.willbetoughingoodtimesandbadtimesD.willgrowtobeexpertsinlabstudies（3）WhichcanbeinferredfromthenewstudyledbyShayO'FarrellandJamesSanchirico？A.Thetwogroupsreacttotheunexpecteddifferently.B.The"explore﹣exploit"trade﹣offhelpsscientificresearchalot.C.Theexploitersareusedtofishingbasedsolelyontheirexperience.D.Theexplorerstendtoachievemorethantheexploitersinthelongrun.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforpassage？A.HowtheExploiterdiffersfromtheExplorerB.HowtoBecomeaProductiveFishermanC.Whatis"Explore﹣Exploit"Trade﹣offD.WhentotakerisksmattersSectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．（8分）A.Thetimingofinfluenzavaccineproductionanddistributionisunpredictable.B.However，it'sadifferentstorywhenitcomestoinfluenza，commonlyknownas"theflu".C.Peopleshouldgetafluvaccinebeforefluvirusesspreadinthecommunity.D.Thevirusessentially"changesitscoat"﹣H1N1，H2N3，andsoon，ashetoldthewebsiteHealthline.E.Hesaidittakesabouttwoweeksaftervaccinationforantibodiestodevelopinthebodyandprovideprotectionagainstthefluinfection.F.Sothevaccinesarelikelytobeupdatedfromoneseasontothenexttoprotectagainsttheviruses.GuardagainstFluVaccination（接種疫苗）isamongthemosteffectivewaystohelpuspreventdiseases.Forvirusesthatdon'tchangetoomuch﹣themeaslesvirus（麻疹）forexample﹣gettingvaccinatedisaonce﹣and﹣for﹣allmethodtopreventyoufrombecominginfectedwiththevirus.Ifyouhadtwomeaslesvaccineswhenyouwereachild，youwillbeprotectedforlife.（1）ItgenerallypeaksbetweenDecemberandFebruary.Fluvaccinescannotprotectusinthelongrun.Thereisnopermanentimmunity，accordingtoTheodoreStrange，associatemedicaldirectoratStatenIslandUniversityHospitalinNewYork.（2）Apartfromaperson'simmuneprotectionfromfluvaccinationdecliningovertime，fluvirusesarealsoconstantlychanging.（3）Todevelopeffectivefluvaccines，over100nationalinfluenza（流感）centersaroundtheworldconductyear﹣roundobservationforinfluenza.Researcherswilltestthousandsofinfluenzavirussamplesfrompatients，accordingtoUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）.TheWorldHealthOrganizationalsosuggeststhreeorfourinfluenzavirusesthataremostlikelytospreadamongpeopleduringtheupcomingfluseason.Butevenwhenavaccineisdeveloped，gettingitcanprovetobedifficult，asdemandtendstoexceedsupply.（4）Theavailabilityofthefluvaccinesupplydoesnotalwayscoincidewithpeakdemand.Soscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination.TheCDCrecommendskeypopulations，suchasmedicalstaff，teachers，students，childrenandthoseaged60andabove，receivefluvaccines.IV.SummaryWriting21．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ChangingTimesBringNewStandardsTheAcademyAwards，popularlyknownastheOscars，havelongbeenoneofthefilmindustry'smostfamousawards.However，despiteits92﹣yearhistory，theawardsshowhascomeunderfireinrecentyearsfornotrecognizingenoughmulticulturalperformersanddirectors.Inresponsetothislackofrepresentation，theAmericanAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences，thegroupthatoverseestheOscars，hasannouncednewdiversity（多樣性）requirementsforfuturefilmstobesubmittedtotheBestPicturecategoryin2024.Theyrequirenominees（提名者）tomeetatleasttwooutoffoursetsofstandards，aimingtoincreaseinclusionforunderrepresentedgroups﹣peopleofcolor，womenandpeoplewithdisabilities﹣bothonandoff﹣screen.Thesestandardsincludeaminimumrequirementforunderrepresentedgroupsattheexecutivelevel.Fouryearsago，OscarsSoWhitequicklydrewattention，highlightingtheabsenceofminorityrepresentationamongpreviousnominees.Italsopointedoutthatthevotingcommitteehasbeenlargelywhiteandmalefordecades，notedTheNewYorkTimes.Eversince，theAcademyhaslookedtoincreaseitsdiversitybypromisingtodoublefemaleandminoritymembersin2016.Forexample，theSouth﹣KoreanfilmParasite（《寄生蟲》），whichfeaturesanall﹣Asiancast，wonfourOscarsatthe2020AcademyAwards.However，thelatestmovehasitsdoubters.Somehavesaidthattheawardsbodyshouldbefocusingonawardingwhattheyconsidertobethebestfilm，ratherthanlimitingwhatcanbenominated，notedForbes.RichardGrenell，thecurrentUSambassadortoGermany，alsocriticizedthemove，