低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)英文演講

LOWCARBONECONOMY目前一頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)CONTENTSBackgroundInformationLowCarbonEconomy

inUSLowCarbonEconomy

inUKLowCarbonEconomy

inChinaConclusion目前二頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)KYOTOProtocolMorethan140countriesacrosstheworld,markedoneofthefirstandthelargestinternationaltreatiesininresponsetoincreasingglobalwarming.ThistreatiesweresignedinKyoto,JAPAN.AProtocoltotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),aimedatfightingglobalwarming.Additionalmeansofmeetingtargetsthroughthree

marketbasedmechanism:

-Emissionstrading–knownas“thecarbonmarket”-Jointimplementations(JI)and

-CleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)目前三頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)KYOTOProtocolPartiestoUNFCCCareclassifiedas:

-Annex1countries–industrializedcountriesandeconomiesintransition

-Annex2countries–developedcountrieswhichpayforcosts

fordevelopingcountries

-DevelopingcountrieslikeIndia目前四頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)KYOTOProtocol目前五頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)KYOTOProtocolThemaingoal,amongothers,oftheKyotoProtocolwastocreatealegallybindingdocumentthatwouldcommitindustrializedcountriestoloweringcarbonemissionby5.2%below1990levels.AmericanleadershavecontinuallystatedthattheKyotoProtocolcouldharmtheAmericaneconomy,costAmericanjobs,anddecreaseproductivitybyuptotenpercentby2010,hencetheyrefusetoratifythetreaty.Bynotparticipationinthetreaty,theUSisdenyingresponsibilityforaproblemtheyhelpedtocreate,weakeningtheirtiestoothercountriesthathaveratifiedthetreaty,andultimatelycausingitselfmoreharmthangood.目前六頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)CARBONTRADINGCarbonemissiontradingisaformofemissionstradingthatspecificallytargetscarbondioxideanditcurrentlyconstitutesthebulkofemissionstrading.ThisformofpermittradingisacommonmethodcountriesutilizeinordertomeettheirobligationsspecifiedbytheKyotoProtocol;namelythereductionofcarbonemissionsinanattempttoreduceormitigatefutureclimatechange.Undercarbontrading,acountryhavingmoreemissionsofcarbon,isabletopurchasetherighttoemitmoreandthecountryhavinglessemissionstradestherighttoemitcarbontoothercountries.目前七頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)CARBONTRADINGCarbontradeinEconomy

-Emissionstradingworksbysettingaquantitivelimitonthe

emissionproducedbyemitters.The‘economic’basisfor

emissionstradingislinkedtotheconceptofpropertyrights.TherighttousethegoodTherighttoearnincomefromthegoodTherighttotransferthegoodtoothersTherighttoenforcementofpropertyrightsPropertyrightsarethetheoreticalsocially-enforcedconstructsineconomicsfordetermininghowaresourceoreconomicgoodisusedandowned.目前八頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)CARBONTRADINGCostandValuation

-Theeconomicproblemwithclimatechangeisthattheemittersofgreenhousegases(GHGs)donotfacethefullcostimplicationsoftheiractions.Therearecoststhatemittersdoface,forexample,thecostoffuelbeingused,butthereareothercoststhatarenotnecessarilyincludedinthepriceofagoodorservice.

-Theseothercostsarecalled‘externalcosts’.Theyareexternalbecausetheyarecoststhattheemittersdonotface.Externalcostsmayaffectthe‘welfare’ofothers.Inthecaseofclimatechange,GHGemissionsaffectthewelfareofpeoplelivinginthefuture,aswellasaffectingthenaturalenvironment.-Theseexternalcostscanbeestimatedandconvertedinacommonmonetaryunit.Theargumentfordoingthisisthattheseexternalcostscanthenbeaddedtotheprivatecoststhattheemittersface.Indoingthis,theemittersfacesthefullsocialcostsoftheiractions.目前九頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)USResponseTheUnitedStatesofAmerica,althoughasignatorytotheprotocol,hasneitherratifiednorwithdrawnfromtheprotocol.President,Georgew.Bushhasindicatedthathedoesnotintendtosubmitthetreatyforratification,notbecausehedoesnotsupportthegeneralidea,butbecauseofthestrainhebelievesthetreatywouldputontheeconomy.ThepositionBushhastakenonclimatechangehasshiftedwithagradualincreasingacceptancethatglobalwarmingisaproblem,andthatitispartlycausedbyhumanactivity.TheUShassignedtheAsiaPacificPartnershiponCleanDevelopmentandClimate,apactthatallowsthosecountriestosettheirgoalsforreducingGHGsemissionsindividually,

butwithnoenforcementmechanism.目前十頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)USResponseBushAdministration

TheUSsignedtheprotocolon12November1998,duringtheClintonpresidency.TobecomebindingintheUS,however,thetreatyhadtoberatifiedbytheSenate,whichhadalreadypassedthe1997non-binding‘Byrd-HagelResolution’,expressingdisapprovalofanyinternationalagreementthatdidn’trequiredevelopingcountriestomakeemissionreductionand“wouldseriouslyharmtheeconomyoftheUnitedState.”Theresolutionpassed95-0.Therefore,eventhoughtheClintonadministrationsignedthetreaty,itwasneversubmittedtotheSenateforratification.目前十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)USResponseObamaAdministration目前十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)USResponseObamaAdministration

PresidentObamaistryingtorecoverthepowerofUSinglobalsociety.AsothernationsdisappointedonBush’sUnilateralism,hesuggestedtoestablishnationallawrelatedtoclimatechangeandcarbonemission.Obamathinksthatbenefitscomesfromloweringcarbonemissionisequaltoglobalpublicgoods.EverysinglenationneedtogetthispublicgoodsandthisisNOTthethingwhogetmoreorwhogetless.目前十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)LowCarbonEconomy

inUKIntheUnitedKingdom,theClimateChangeAct2008outliningaframeworkforthetransitiontoalow-carboneconomybecamelawonNovember26,2008.Thislegislationrequiresan80%cutintheUK'scarbonemissionsby2050(comparedto1990levels),withanintermediatetargetofbetween26%and32%by2020.Thus,theUKbecamethefirstcountrytosetsuchalong-rangeandsignificantcarbonreductiontargetintolaw.目前十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)GreatriskIfwecouldnotconstraintheglobalgreenhousegasemissions,theworldfacestheprospectofdangerousclimatechange,whichwillhaveunprecedentedimpactsonglobalsecurityandprosperiy.目前十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)GovernmentapproachInternationalapproach:encouragingtheEuropeanUniontodemonstrateleadershiponclimatechange;influencingglobalpoliticalandeconomicconditionstosecureactionfromothercountriestolimitgreenhousegasemissions;helpingdevelopingcountriestobuildtheclimateresilienceoftheireconomiesandmovetowardslowcarbongrowthinthefuture;workingforacomprehensiveglobalclimatechangeagreement.目前十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)PrinciplesTheGovernmentisdeterminedthatweshouldaddressthetwinchallengesoftacklingclimatechangeandmaintainingourenergysecurityinawaythatminimisescostsandmaximisesbenefitstooureconomy.目前十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Toachievethis,wewillfollowaclearsetofprinciples:Weshouldalwaysaimforthemostcosteffectivemeanstoachieveouraims.Adiverseportfoliooftechnologies,competingagainsteachotherformarketshare,candriveinnovationandcostreduction.Clearlong-termsignalsabouttheregulatoryframeworkcansupportcostreduction.TheGovernmentshouldhelptotacklemarketfailuresandunblockbarrierstoinvestmenttoencouragegrowthinnewertechnologies.Costsmustbedistributedfairly目前十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)NewlowcarbonjobsThelowcarboneconomyinvolvesarangeofjobtypes.ThedevelopmentandmanufactureThedevelopmentandmanufactureandmanufactureofnewlowcarbonlowcarbonlowcarbontechnologytechnologytechnology.Theimplementationoflowcarbontechnology.ServicesforlowcarbonindustriesServicesforlowcarbonindustriesicesforlowcarbonindustries.目前十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)ResultssofarAtotalof11,550businessesweredirectlyengagedinthelowcarboneconomyacrosstheUKin2013.Withinthesebusinesses,some269,800peopleareemployedinlowcarbonactivities,afurther190,800areemployedwithinthesupplychain.Thisrepresents1.6%ofUKemploymentin2013.Businessesoperatinginthelowcarboneconomytendtoparticipateinmorethanonelowcarbonsector.Onaverage,eachbusinessoperatesinabouttwosectorsoutofthe24withinthelowcarboneconomy.Thelowcarboneconomyhasshownsignificant,yearonyear,growthovertheperiod2010to2013:employment3.8%,turnover7.6%andGVA8.7%.目前二十頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Roadmap2050(EU)Lowcarbonbuildings:betterinsulatedandmakeuseofSmartMetersandheatingcontrols,andmoreefficientlightingandappliances;Lowcarbontransport:moveawayfromfossilfuelsandtowardsultra-lowcarbonalternatives;Lowcarbonindustry:moreenergyefficientandswitchovertolowcarbonfuelsourcesLowcarbonpowergeneration:renewablescoal,biomassorgas-firedpowerstationsfittedwithCCStechnology;andnuclearpowerLowgreenhousegasagriculrtureandforestry:needtocontributetoreducingemissionsbyadoptingmoreefficientpractices目前二十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前二十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)LowCarbonPracticefor2008

BeijingOlympics目前二十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)rideabicycleishelpfultoyourhealthandtotheearth目前二十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Dalian:low-carbonpublictransportsystemShenzhen:ElectricalautomobilesElectricalcarchargingstationinShenzhenExpressbuslane(left)andhybridpowerbus(right)inDalianLightrailtrains(left)andmetropolitanrailwaymap(right)inDalian25Low-CarbonTransport:Practices目前二十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)LowCarbonOrientation&HighCarbonSyndromeLowCarbonOrientationinEconomyDevelopmentUS5strategicindustries:bio-medicine,newmaterial,Space/aerovation,informationandFinancialservices.Obama:NewEnergyStrategyChinaPromises：40%－45%reductionofCO2intensityby2020Targetsof12FiveYearPlan：by2015from2010,16%decreaseofenergydensity;nonfossilfuel:11.4%。目前二十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)PressureonhighCO2EmissionKeepingfastereconomicgrowthGDP2TrillingRMBin2006、3Trillingin2008,5Trillingin2012,6Trillingin2014CarbonEmissionunderhighpressureEnergyDensityishigheramonydevelopedprovinces：ShanDong（0.855）、GuangDong（0.563）、JiangSu（0.600）、ZheJiang（0.590）目前二十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment1.ShandongIndustrialStructure:SecondaryIndustryishighest,andheavyindustryishigheramongindustrialstructures（8.6∶51.4∶40.0）.Highenergyintensivesectors:steel:3oftop10inChina,cement:2oftop10,non-ferrousmetal:4ofTop10,Refinery:8oftop10.AchievementsonEnergySavingandEmissionReductionLeadinginES/ER,firstbatchofDemostrationprovinceoncirculareconomy；Leadinginprovincialcompetence,accessedbyCASS.目前二十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment2.OverallRationaleofLowCarbonDevelopmentinShandongTarget：EnergySaving&EmissionReduction,Eco-Shandong（BlueSky,StarSparkling)Key：StructuralAdjustment、NewEnergy,LowCarbonCity/industrailZone,LowCarbonLifestyleMeasures:CircularEconomy,CleanProduction

GreenConsumption目前二十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment3.StrategicpriorityinShandongLowCarbonEconomy（1）ImproveIndustrialStructureAdjustIndustrialStructure

PromoteServiceSectors：Openmarkettopublic;Taxsubsidizes;Increasethefiscal,financial,pricesupport;Giveprioritytothesupplyofland;Activelyattracttalents;DeepeningreformandopenpolicyOptimizetheenvironment,standardizemanagementsystem

Fourbig“carriers"(keyprojects,serviceindustry,keyenterprises,keyindustrialpark)Toacceleratethedevelopmentofproducerserviceindustry.目前三十頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)MeasuresforShandongLowCarbonEconomyDevelopmentCases：Qindao“BlueSiliconValley”，promoteandaggregatetheblueindustriesOverallIndustrailAggregates：“1district,1areaand1zone”。目前三十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)SolarWaterHeatingInvestmentPVandPVstationInvestment目前三十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)三十八頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Usinginnovativetechnologies,linkdifferentproductionchains,accordingtoproductcharacteristics,combinescientificallyindustries;Putenterprisesintoeveryrecyclingnodesviaitsby-productsandwastesfor