2021屆山東省濱州市高三下學(xué)期5月二模英語試題(解析版)

高三英語試題注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThisInternationalWomen'sDay,we'recelebratingfourwomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.AnandibaiJoshee,bornin1865inIndia,becameIndia'sfirstwomanphysicianwithamedicaldegree.AftergraduationfromaWoman'sMedicalCollege,sheacceptedanofferfromthegovernorministerofKolhapurinIndiatoserveas“LadyDoctorofKolhapur”.Shediedat21fromtuberculosis.Despitehershortlife,Joshee'saccomplishmentswereunprecedentedforanIndianwoman,andherachievementsopenthedoorforotherIndianwomentoquicklyfollow.MamieClark,anAmericansocialpsychologist,specializedinchilddevelopmentinblackchildren.In1946,ClarkandKennethfoundedtheonlymentalhealthorganizationforblackchildreninNewYork.ClarkwasawardedtheAmericanAssociationofUniversityachievementawardin1973,andtenyearslatertheNationalCoalitionof100BlackWomenawardedhertheCandaceAwardforhumanitarianism.GeochemistKatsukoSaruhashiwasborninTokyoin1920.SaruhashibecamethefirstwomanelectedtotheScienceCouncilofJapan,thefirstwomantowintheMiyakePrizeforGeochemistry,andthefirstwomanrecipientofanawardfromtheSocietyofSeaWaterScienceinJapan.In1981,shefoundedtheSaruhashiPrize,aprizeawardedannuallytoafemalerolemodelinscience.BorninLosAngeles,California,OchoawasthefirstLatinawomantoflyinspaceaspartofthecrewoftheshuttleDiscoveryin1993.In1990,Ochoawasselectedtoastronautcandidacyaspartofagroupoftwenty-threeNASAastronauts,andbecameanastronautayearlater.HerfirstspaceflightwasaboardDiscoveryasamissionspecialistandlastedninedays,inwhichthecrewconductedscientificexperimentsanddeployedaresearchsatellitetostudythesolarcorona.1.Whowasappointedbythegovernmenttoworkasanexpert?A.AnandibaiJoshee.B.MamieClark.C.KatsukoSaruhashi.D.Ochoa.2.WhatdidMamieClarkandKatsukoSaruhashihaveincommon?A.Theysetanaward.B.TheywereAmericans.C.Theywereawardedtwice.D.Theymajoredinwaterscience.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?A.Aposter. B.Amagazine. C.Aguidebook. D.Areport.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)界四位偉大女性的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“AftergraduationfromaWoman'sMedicalCollege,sheacceptedanofferfromthegovernorministerofKolhapurinIndiatoserveas‘LadyDoctorofKolhapur’.(從一所女子醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，她接受了印度戈?duì)柟紶柺惺虚L的邀請，擔(dān)任“戈?duì)柟紶柵t(yī)生”)”可知，被政府聘請擔(dān)任專家的是AnandibaiJoshee。故填A(yù)項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“ClarkwasawardedtheAmericanAssociationofUniversityachievementawardin1973,andtenyearslatertheNationalCoalitionof100BlackWomenawardedhertheCandaceAwardforhumanitarianism.(1973年，Clark被授予美國大學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)成就獎(jiǎng)，10年后全國100名黑人婦女聯(lián)盟授予她人道主義坎迪斯獎(jiǎng))”可知，MamieClark獲過兩次獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)第四段第二句“SaruhashibecamethefirstwomanelectedtotheScienceCouncilofJapan,thefirstwomantowintheMiyakePrizeforGeochemistry,andthefirstwomanrecipientofanawardfromtheSocietyofSeaWaterScienceinJapan.(Saruhashi成為第一位當(dāng)選為日本科學(xué)委員會(huì)的女性成員，首位獲得三宮城地球化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的女性，以及首位獲得日本海水科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的女性)”可知，KatsukoSaruhashi也獲過兩次獎(jiǎng)。因此MamieClark和KatsukoSaruhashi的共同點(diǎn)是都獲過兩次獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ThisInternationalWomen'sDay,we'recelebratingfourwomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.(今年的國際婦女節(jié)，我們要慶祝四位永久改變了科學(xué)面貌的女性)”可知，文章的主題是契合今年的婦女節(jié)，因此有一定的及時(shí)性，但是并沒有講述實(shí)效性很強(qiáng)的新聞。同時(shí)，文中沒有指導(dǎo)類的信息以及廣告信息，所以文章最可能來源于雜志。故選B項(xiàng)。BAmericanMarkLevinewearsmanyhatsinChina-educator,author,volunteer,musician,sociologist,cross-culturalcommunicator,winneroftheChinesegovernment'sFriendshipAward,andmostnoticeably,wide-brimmed.Thebushy-bearded73-year-oldisperhapsbestknownamongtheChinesepublicforwritingAmericancountrymusic-stylesongsaboutChinathatheperformsinfullcowboyregalia.Heoftensingsandplayshisguitartotheaccompanimentoftheerhuplayedbyhisfriend,FuHan,intheirmusicalduo,InSideOut.Levinehasstagedhundredsofperformancesin15provinces,andonehadanaudienceover50,000,hesays.FuHanrecallsheonceperformedinawell-knownbarinBeijing'sHouhaiarea,andshejoinedhimonstagewithhererhu.“AgroupoftouristsfromnorthernEuropecameupandwatchedandfilmedus,andstartedsingingwithus.IrealizedaChineseinstrumentandfacecanhelpbettertellChina'sstoriestoforeigners.So,theyofficiallybecamebandmates.I'mthe'in'andhe'sthe'out'inInSideOut,”sheexplains.Levineplanstoreleaseasongbookwhenhereaches100songs.Hehassofarwrittenover70tunesthathecalls"musicalstoriesfrommyChinesejourney,,sincehesettledinBeijingin2007totakeanoccupationatMinzuUniversityofChina,wherehestillworks,largelyonaccountofitsethnicdiversity.LevinesaystwohighlightsduringhistimeinthecountryhavebeenwinningtheFriendshipAwardin2014andreceivinghisChinese“greencard”in2016.Levinehopesitincreasescross-culturalunderstanding.OneofhisfriendssaysLevineisparticularlyaptforthetask.“Markisaperfectambassadorforhumanity,sotospeak,whohasfoundhisidealplacehere,”hesays.4.WhatcanwelearnfromLevine'smusicalachievement?A.Hehasreleasedabookabouthissongs.B.HehasperformedhissongsalloverChina.C.Hisbiggestconcertattractednearly50,000audiences.D.HecombinedAmericanmusicstylewithChinesestories.5.WhydidhedeterminetoworkatMinzuUniversityofChina?A.HedesiredtosettleinBeijing. B.HecouldwintheFriendshipAward.C.Hecouldbeexposedtodiversecultures. D.Hecouldfindmoremusicalstoriesthere.6.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“apt”inthelastparagraph?A.Intelligent. B.Suitable. C.Reliable. D.Enthusiastic.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLevine?A.Devotedandoutspoken. B.Attentiveandgenerous.C.Intelligentandsensitive. D.Activeandproductive.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了美國人MarkLevine在中國身兼多職，73歲還在進(jìn)行表演，將美國音樂風(fēng)格與中國故事相結(jié)合。文章還介紹了他所取得的一些成就和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thebushy-bearded73-year-oldisperhapsbestknownamongtheChinesepublicforwritingAmericancountrymusic-stylesongsaboutChinathatheperformsinfullcowboyregalia.(在中國公眾中，這位留著濃密胡子的73歲老人最出名的可能是他寫的關(guān)于中國的美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂風(fēng)格歌曲，他穿著全套牛仔服表演)”可知，我們能從Levine的音樂成就中了解到，Levine將美國音樂風(fēng)格與中國故事相結(jié)合。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hehassofarwrittenover70tunesthathecalls"musicalstoriesfrommyChinesejourney,,sincehesettledinBeijingin2007totakeanoccupationatMinzuUniversityofChina,wherehestillworks,largelyonaccountofitsethnicdiversity.(到目前為止，他已經(jīng)寫了70多首曲子，他稱之為“來自中國之旅的音樂故事”，自從2007年他定居北京，在中國民族大學(xué)任職以來，他仍然在那里工作，很大程度上是因?yàn)槟抢锏姆N族多樣性)”可知，他決定去中央民族大學(xué)工作因?yàn)樗梢越佑|到不同的文化。故選C?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“LevinesaystwohighlightsduringhistimeinthecountryhavebeenwinningtheFriendshipAwardin2014andreceivinghisChinese“greencard”in2016.Levinehopesitincreasescross-culturalunderstanding.(Levine表示，他在中國的兩個(gè)亮點(diǎn)是在2014年贏得了友誼獎(jiǎng)，并在2016年獲得了中國“綠卡”。Levine希望它能增進(jìn)跨文化的理解)”以及后文“Markisaperfectambassadorforhumanity,sotospeak,whohasfoundhisidealplacehere”可知，Levine的一個(gè)朋友說Mark是人類的完美大使，他在這里找到了理想的位置，所以他是說Levine特別適合增進(jìn)跨文化的理解這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。故畫線詞意思是“合適的”。A.Intelligent.聰明的；B.Suitable.合適的；C.Reliable.可靠的；D.Enthusiastic.熱情的。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thebushy-bearded73-year-oldisperhapsbestknownamongtheChinesepublicforwritingAmericancountrymusic-stylesongsaboutChinathatheperformsinfullcowboyregalia.(在中國公眾中，這位留著濃密胡子的73歲老人最出名的可能是他寫的關(guān)于中國的美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂風(fēng)格歌曲，他穿著全套牛仔服表演)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Levineplanstoreleaseasongbookwhenhereaches100songs.Hehassofarwrittenover70tunes(Levine計(jì)劃在歌曲數(shù)量達(dá)到100首后發(fā)行一本歌本。到目前為止，他已經(jīng)寫了70多首曲子)”可推知，Levine73歲還在進(jìn)行表演，且創(chuàng)作了70多首曲子，可見他是個(gè)活躍且多產(chǎn)的人。故選D。CNumerousstudies,includinga2019reviewinthejournalAnnualResearch&ReviewinBiology,havefoundthatbothperformingandlisteningtomusiccanhaveasignificantimpactontheimmunesystem.“Certainlymusichasanimpactonthebrain,andanxietyandstressimpacttheimmunesystem,”saidAndrewLevin,aneurologistattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Dr.Levin,anamateurtrumpetplayerwhoperformswithseverallocalensembles,saidhe'snotanexpertinthewaysmusicinteractswiththebrain.Butitworksforhim."Musicisapartofmystressreleaseparadigm,“hesaid."Weknowthatmusiccanaffectbrainstates,soIdon'tbelieveitismuchofastretchtosaythatmusiccanindirectlyaffectourphysiology,andthereisresearchthatsupportsthisnotion.”Accordingtoa2013reviewinthejournalBrainBehaviorandImmunity,theemotionalandpsychologicaleffectsoflisteningtomusichavedirectimpactsonbiomarkersandhormonelevels.Thereisalsogeneralconsensusamongresearchersthatlisteningtomusicreducescortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levels.Doesthetypeofmusicmatter?Itdoes.Priorassociationsandrelationshipswithdifferenttypesofmusicaffecthowyourbodyresponds.Ingeneral,researchindicatesthat“relaxingmusic”(i.e.slowerpace,peacefulmusic)isbetterforcalmingtensenerves，decreasingbloodpressureandbreathandsettlingtheheartrate.Singingadifferenttune?Potvin,aprofessorofmusictherapyatDuquesneUniversity,isskepticalofsomeoftheresearchlinkingmusicwiththeimmunesystem,questioningwhetherit'shealthytousemusicoranyothertooltoresistanxiety."Theresearchissuperficial,thoughIdon'tmeanthatinanegativeway,“hesaid."Ithinktheinformationwehaveisvaluable,butweneedtogodeeper.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.Music. B.Brain. C.Immunesystem. D.Theresearch.9.Whatdoweknowaboutrelaxingmusicaccordingtothetext?A.Ithasfastrhythm.B.Itcontributestoastableheartrate.CItdoesnogoodtocalmtensenerves.D.Itcanincreasebloodpressureandbreath.10.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Potvinhassomeprejudiceabouttheresearch.B.Potvinthinksfurtherstudyaboutitisnecessary.C.Potvinquestionswhethermusiceffectivelyresistsanxiety.D.Potvinisconvincedoftheimpactofmusicontheimmunesystem.11.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A.What'sthefunctionofmusic?B.Doesmusicbenefityourbrain?C.Howtopromoteyourimmunesystem?D.Canmusicboostyourimmunesystem?【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了演奏和聽音樂對我們的免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生重要影響。音樂通過影響大腦，減小壓力和焦慮，且對人體的各項(xiàng)生物指標(biāo)、荷爾蒙以及皮質(zhì)醇的水平都有搜有影響。令人放松的輕音樂效果更好。同時(shí)，一些專家也指出，針對音樂對免疫系統(tǒng)的影響的研究還太淺顯，需要進(jìn)一步的深入研究?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。本段開頭匹茲堡大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)家Levin教授同時(shí)也是意為業(yè)余小號演奏家說“Certainlymusichasanimpactonthebrain,andanxietyandstressimpacttheimmunesystem”（音樂當(dāng)然對大腦有影響，焦慮和壓力會(huì)影響免疫系統(tǒng)）可知本段在介紹音樂和免疫系統(tǒng)之間的關(guān)系。隨后，又提出“he'snotanexpertinthewaysmusicinteractswiththebrain.”（他不是大腦與音樂互動(dòng)方式的專家）“Butitworksforhim.”（但是音樂對他有用）又根據(jù)后文“Musicisapartofmystressreleaseparadigm”（音樂是我減壓模式的一部分）可知，it指代music。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“‘relaxingmusic’(i.e.slowerpace,peacefulmusic)isbetterforcalmingtensenerves，decreasingbloodpressureandbreathandsettlingtheheartrate.”（“令人放松的音樂”（即：慢節(jié)奏，安靜的音樂）對舒緩緊張的神經(jīng)，降低血壓和呼吸，穩(wěn)定心率有較好的效果。）可知，“令人放松的音樂”有助于穩(wěn)定心率。“contributeto”(有助于)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后Potvin教授所說"Theresearchissuperficial,thoughIdon'tmeanthatinanegativeway,“hesaid."Ithinktheinformationwehaveisvaluable,butweneedtogodeeper.”（這項(xiàng)研究是膚淺的，盡管我表示的不是消極的意思。我認(rèn)為我們所掌握的信息是有價(jià)值的，但是我們需要深入研究）?？芍琍otvin教授認(rèn)為我們更進(jìn)一步的研究是必要的。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“…h(huán)avefoundthatbothperformingandlisteningtomusiccanhaveasignificantimpactontheimmunesystem.”(···發(fā)現(xiàn)演奏和聽音樂對我們的免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生重要影響。)可知，本文介紹的是音樂和免疫系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“music”（音樂）和“immunesystem”（免疫系統(tǒng)）可以得到答案。故選D項(xiàng)DFor30years,Alaska'snorthernfursealpopulationhasnotincreased.Buttheoceanmammalsareappearingingrowingnumbersinoneunlikelyplace-asmallislandthatformsthetipofanactiveunderseavolcano.BogoslofIslandisdistantandunpopulated.ItsitsintheeasternBeringSea.Openingsonthegroundtherereleasemud,steamandsulfurousgases,butnorthernfursealsfindtheislandtobeagoodplaceforgivingbirthandraisingtheiryoung.Itisunclearwhythesealshavechosentoliveonanactivevolcanicislandinsteadofotherunpopulatedislandsinthearea."Thesurfaceiscoveredwiththesebigblocks,someasbigas10metersinlength,whichwereexplodedoutofthevent,”saidChrisWaythomas,aU.S.GeologicalSurveyresearchscientist.Northernfursealsgettheirnamefromtheirextremelythickfur;theyhaveabout60,000hairspersquarecentimeter.WhenRussianEmperorAlexanderIIneededmoneyanddecidedtosellAlaskatotheUnitedStatesin1867,furwasoneofthefuturestate'sknownvaluables.Mostoftheworld'snorthernfursealsliveintheeasternBeringSeaarea.TheyliveintheoceanfromNovembertoJuneandreturntolandinsummer,whentheybreedandnursepups.Between1950and1988,thenorthernfursealpopulationdroppedfrom2.1millionto1.1million.Scientistsdonotknowwhytheyhavenotmadeacomeback.NorthernfursealswerefirstseenonBogoslofin1980.NOAAresearchershavesincecarriedoutperiodicstudiesofthepopulation.VolcanicactivityonBogoslofhasremainedmostlystable.ButGelatt'screwchosenottocampthereduringtheirweek-longvisitinAugust.Theyfearedanexplosioncouldshootuphugerocks.Instead,theymadedaytripsfromasecuredboat.Thecrewcountedthenumberofsealsandexaminedwhetherimagestakenfromabovebyanunpilotedaircraftcouldbeusedinfuturecounts.12.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thescientistsareworriedabouttheextinctionofseals.B.Theenvironmentprotectioniscrucialtowildanimals.C.ThenorthernfursealsareontheriseonBogoslofIsland.D.Thenorthernfursealslikedistantandunpopulatedplaces.13.WhatdoChrisWaythomas’wordsmean?A.TheconditionsonBogoslofIslandaretoughandterrible.B.AnactiveunderseavolcanomakesBogoslofIslandlivable.C.BogoslofIslandissuitableforthenorthernfursealstoliveonD.It'sreasonableforthenorthernfursealstoliveonasmallisland.14.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheparagraph3&4?A.Thenorthernfursealsbreedandnursepupsinwinter.B.Thenorthernfurseals'thickfurisofnovaluenowadays.C.Therewereabout1.1millionnorthernfursealsontheisland.D.It'snotclearwhynorthernfursealpopulationhasnotincreased.15.Howdidresearchersguaranteetheirsafetyduringthestudy?A.Byobservinginthedistance.B.Bydoingtheresearchinsideanaircraft.C.Bytakingaboatwithprotectiveequipmenteveryday.D.Byusingphotosshotbyanunmannedvehicletocountseals.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家們在有火山活動(dòng)的Bogoslof島上發(fā)現(xiàn)很多北海狗?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“For30years,Alaska'snorthernfursealpopulationhasnotincreased.Buttheoceanmammalsareappearingingrowingnumbersinoneunlikelyplace-asmallislandthatformsthetipofanactiveunderseavolcano.(30年來，阿拉斯加的北海狗數(shù)量一直沒有增加。但是這種海洋哺乳動(dòng)物在一個(gè)不太可能的地方出現(xiàn)了，這個(gè)地方是一個(gè)小島，形成了活躍的海底火山的頂端)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要關(guān)于很多北海狗在有火山活動(dòng)的Bogoslof島上被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“"Thesurfaceiscoveredwiththesebigblocks,someasbigas10metersinlength,whichwereexplodedoutofthevent,”saidChrisWaythomas,aU.S.GeologicalSurveyresearchscientist.(美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局研究科學(xué)家ChrisWaythomas說：“火山表面覆蓋著這些大塊，有些長達(dá)10米，是從火山口爆發(fā)出來的?！?”中ChrisWaythomas關(guān)于Bogoslof島環(huán)境的描述可知，Bogoslof島上的環(huán)境非常惡劣，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題題。通讀第三、四段以及第四段中的“Between1950and1988,thenorthernfursealpopulationdroppedfrom2.1millionto1.1million.Scientistsdonotknowwhytheyhavenotmadeacomeback.(從1950年到1988年，北海狗的數(shù)量從210萬降到110萬。科學(xué)家不知道為什么它們沒有卷土重來)”可推知，人們不清楚為什么北海狗的數(shù)量沒有增加。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theyfearedanexplosioncouldshootuphugerocks.Instead,theymadedaytripsfromasecuredboat.Thecrewcountedthenumberofsealsandexaminedwhetherimagestakenfromabovebyanunpilotedaircraftcouldbeusedinfuturecounts.(他們擔(dān)心爆炸會(huì)把巨石炸飛。取而代之的是，他們每天乘坐安全的船進(jìn)行觀測。機(jī)組人員清點(diǎn)了海豹的數(shù)量，并檢查了無人駕駛飛機(jī)從上空拍攝的圖像是否可以用于未來的計(jì)數(shù))”可知，為了保證安全，研究員們每天都乘坐有安全保障設(shè)施的船只去探測北海狗的情況。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Allleft-handedhumanshavenothaditeasyintheworld.Inmanyculturesandinthedarkages,left-handedpeoplehavegenerallybeenseenasthedevil.Theword“l(fā)eft”inEnglishcomesfromtheAnglo-Saxonword“l(fā)yft”，whichmeansweakorbroken.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarydefines“l(fā)eft-handed”asmeaningdefective,awkwardorclumsy.___16___A“l(fā)eft-handedcompliment”anda“l(fā)eft-handedmarriage”canbesetasexamples.Theformerdoesnotmeansincerepraisebutindicatesaninsult.Thelatter,asyoumaynotice,referstoanillegalorinformalmarriage,which,inparticular,involvesonesideofroyalornoblebirthandtheotheroflowerrank.Insomecertaincultures,thingsgobeyondthat.___17___InNigeria,forinstance,takingorgivinganythingtoanyonewithyourlefthandisassumedthatyoulackhometraining.___18___ManypeoplearoundyouinChina,ifasked,wouldtellyoutheywereforcedbytheirparentsorteachers,towritewiththeirrighthand.Strangelyenough,noneofthoseelderscansaywhatanactualproblemthereiswithleft-handedness.Ifithastodowiththefearofthatchildnotbeingprosperous,therearealotofleft-handedpersonalitiesdoingwellandbreakinggrounds.Thepossibleexplanationheremaybeliesintheirlong-heldprejudice.___19___Two-thirdsoftheworldstillviewleft-handednessasashortcomingbutitisn't.___20___ThatiswhatC.R.Manskepointsout,“Lifewithoutleft-handedpeoplewouldn'tberight.”A.Andthatisnottheonlycase.B.Thefollowingtwoexamplescanbestreflectthispoint.C.Atinygestureormovementwiththelefthandcanmeanalot.D.Namely,peopletendtobelieveincommonideasinsteadofthereality.E.Thewayforwardfortheleft-handersisforthemtobeacceptedastheyare.F.CertainphrasesinEnglishsuggestarathernegativeviewof“l(fā)eft-handedness”.G.Inotherwords,differentdeep-rootedbeliefsoriginatefromdifferentcultures.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.D20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。作者認(rèn)為人們普遍對“左撇子”帶有偏見，應(yīng)該消除偏見，平等對待一切人?！?6題詳解】前句“TheOxfordEnglishDictionarydefines"left-handed"asmeaningdefective,awkwardorclumsy.”(牛津英語詞典將“左撇子”定義為有缺陷、笨拙的人。)，說明字典定義對“左撇子”帶有偏見，選項(xiàng)F“英語中的某些短語暗示了對‘左撇子’的一種相當(dāng)消極的看法?！背薪由衔?，進(jìn)一步闡述除了字典定義外，連日常短語中也對“左撇子”帶有偏見，并且引出后句“A“l(fā)eft-handedcompliment”anda“l(fā)eft-handedmarriage”canbesetasexamples.”（“左撇子的恭維”和“左撇子的婚姻”可做例子。），其中l(wèi)eft-handedcompliment和left-handedmarriage就是兩個(gè)英語短語（phrase）。前后語義一致，邏輯合理。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】前句“Insomecertaincultures,thingsgobeyondthat.”（在某些特定文化中，事情不止如此。）總起該段，說明除了上文中提到的字典中對“左撇子”偏見，還有更多。C項(xiàng)“用左手的一個(gè)小手勢或舉動(dòng)意味著許多?！保M(jìn)一步說明“左撇子”暗含深意多，引出后句“InNigeria,forinstance,takingorgivinganythingtoanyonewithyourlefthandisassumedthatyoulackhometraining.”（舉例來說，在尼日利亞，用左手拿或給東西被視作缺乏家教。）舉例說明人們對“左撇子”的偏見。選項(xiàng)C承上啟下，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】上一段“Insomecertaincultures,thingsgobeyondthat.”（在某些文化中，事情遠(yuǎn)不止這些。）中講對“左撇子”的偏見時(shí)講到尼日利亞的例子，選項(xiàng)A“那不是唯一的情況?！?，是對“左撇子”偏見的進(jìn)一步舉例說明，承接上文，并且引起下文“ManypeoplearoundyouinChina,ifasked,wouldtellyoutheywereforcedbytheirparentsorteachers,towritewiththeirrighthand.”（在中國，你周圍的許多人，如果被問到，會(huì)告訴你他們是被父母或老師強(qiáng)迫用右手寫字的。）運(yùn)用中國例子進(jìn)一步講“左撇子”偏見。選項(xiàng)A承上啟下，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】前句“Thepossibleexplanationheremaybeliesintheirlong-heldprejudice.”（這里可能的解釋可能在于他們長期以來的偏見。）說明人們對待“左撇子”的態(tài)度的可能原因，即long-heldprejudice（長期的偏見），選項(xiàng)D“也就是說，人們傾向于相信共同的想法而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)?！敝械膖endtobelieveincommonideas，是對“長期偏見”的解釋說明。前后語義一致，邏輯合理。故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】前句“Two-thirdsoftheworldstillviewleft-handednessasashortcomingbutitisn't.”（世界上三分之二的人仍然認(rèn)為左撇子是缺點(diǎn)，但是它不應(yīng)該這樣。），說明作者認(rèn)為把“左撇子”看成是缺點(diǎn)是不對的，選項(xiàng)E“對于左撇子來說，前進(jìn)的道路就是讓他們接受他們現(xiàn)在的樣子?！边M(jìn)一步說明作者對于“左撇子”正確的態(tài)度，并且引出下文“ThatiswhatC.R.Manskepointsout,“Lifewithoutleft-handedpeoplewouldn'tberight.””（正如C.R.Manske指出的那樣，“沒有左撇子的生活不會(huì)是正確的。”）。前后銜接順暢，語義一致。故選E項(xiàng)。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Foryears,ourchildrenoftenaskedusifwecouldgetadog.Whenfacedwithit,myhusbandandIhadsome___21___responses,suchas“Someday?"and“Maybewhenyou'reoldenough."Then___22___2020,theyearofourpandemicdread.Sometimebetweenmymother'slivestreamed___23___thisspringandback-to-schoolthatneverseemedtohappenthisfall,“maybe"___24___"yes"and“someday“became“assoonaspossible”.Wehadlostsomuchduringthepandemic-mymother,mygrandmother...Hence,___25___apuppybecameanattractionforallofus.PUPPYDAY!!!wassoonwrittendownand___26___onthecalendar.Ournewpuppyfinallycame___27___inmid-Novemberandhasbroughtalotofjoytous.Thekidspickedaname“Peggy“andrefusedtoconsiderothers.ItellPeggyseveraltimesadaywhata___28___angelsheis,usinga___29___Iwouldn'thavedreamedofusingevenwithmychildren.I'vefilledmyTwitterandInstagramfeedswith____30____ofher.Everynight,Ispendacoupleofquiet,peacefulhoursenjoyingcuddletimewithheronthecouchshewasn'tsupposedtobe____31____on.WhenItellpeoplethatPeggyhas____32____methisyear-it'strue.Peggyhasgivenourweary,____33____familyanewsharedfocus,anemotionalcenterthatisn'tallaboutour____34____.She'sgivenusallanew____35____toputourloveinandbroughtusbacktoourselves.21.A.vague B.random C.explicit D.impractical22.A.made B.reached C.went D.came23.A.gathering B.shopping C.celebration D.funeral24.A.exchangedinto B.tookover C.gavewayto D.putthrough25A.saving B.spotting C.getting D.distinguishing26.A.appeared B.marked C.read D.seen27.A.up B.about C.along D.back28.A.perfect B.fortunate C.dynamic D.common29.A.look B.language C.mood D.tone30.A.words B.pictures C.food D.supplies31.A.allowed B.sat C.anticipated D.involved32.A.surprised B.saved C.defended D.struck33.A.happy B.merciful C.heartbroken D.horrible34.A.loss B.news C.family D.feelings35.A.dog B.place C.chance D.idea【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.C25.C26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在大流行病期間失去了親人，而后通過養(yǎng)小狗的方式拯救了家人和自己?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：面對這個(gè)問題，我和丈夫的回答有些含糊，比如“將來某一天？”或者“也許等你足夠大了吧。”A.vague模糊的；B.random隨機(jī)的；C.explicit明確的；D.impractical不切實(shí)際的。根據(jù)下文作者和丈夫的回答“Someday?”“Maybewhenyou'reoldenough.”可知，此處應(yīng)是指模糊的，不確定的。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后就到了2020年，我們的大流行恐懼之年。A.made制作；B.reached達(dá)到；C.went去；D.came來到。根據(jù)“Then”以及“2020”可知，此處應(yīng)是指“拖延到了2020年，然后就到了2020年”的意思。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從今年春天我母親的葬禮到今年秋天似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)開學(xué)的返校之路，“可能”讓位給了“是的”，而“有一天”變成了“盡快”。A.gathering聚會(huì)；B.shopping購物；C.celebration慶祝；D.funeral葬禮。根據(jù)下段“Wehadlostsomuchduringthepandemic-mymother,mygrandmother...（在大流行期間我們失去了太多——我的母親，我的祖母……）”可知，此處應(yīng)是指作者母親的葬禮。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：從今年春天我母親的葬禮到今年秋天似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)開學(xué)的返校之路，“可能”讓位給了“是的”，而“有一天”變成了“盡快”。A.exchangedinto把……兌換成；B.tookover接管；C.gavewayto給……讓路；D.putthrough接通，完成。根據(jù)“someday”became“assoonaspossible”可知，作者的態(tài)度發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，由以前的含糊回答，到現(xiàn)在變得果斷、肯定。由此可知此處應(yīng)是指“可能”給“是的”讓路的意思。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，養(yǎng)一只小狗對我們所有人都很有吸引力。A.saving拯救；B.spotting發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.getting得到；D.distinguishing區(qū)別。由上文“Wehadlostsomuchduringthepandemic-mymother,mygrandmother...”以及“Hence”可知，此處應(yīng)是指在流行病期間作者失去了很多，所以她和家人想養(yǎng)只狗，珍惜當(dāng)下，盡快做一些沒有做的事，而不是像以前一樣一拖再拖。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：PUPPYDAY!!!很快就被寫下來，并記在日歷上。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.marked標(biāo)記；C.read閱讀；D.seen看見。根據(jù)上文“PUPPYDAY!!!wassoonwrittendownand”可知，此處應(yīng)是指PUPPYDAY!!!被寫下來，并且在日歷上進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的新小狗終于在11月中旬出現(xiàn)了，給我們帶來了很多歡樂。A.up向上；B.about大約；C.along來到，一起；D.back向后。根據(jù)“Ournewpuppy”以及上文說到作者一家想養(yǎng)小狗可知，此處應(yīng)是指新的小狗終于在11月中旬出現(xiàn)了。comealong意為出現(xiàn)，到來。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天好幾次對佩吉說，它是一個(gè)多么完美的天使，用的語氣即使是對我的孩子們，我也從未想過會(huì)這么說。A.perfect完美的；B.fortunate幸運(yùn)的；C.dynamic動(dòng)態(tài)的；D.common普通的。根據(jù)下文“angel”以及“usinga___9___Iwouldn'thavedreamedofusingevenwithmychildren”可知，作者非常地愛這只小狗，此處應(yīng)是指“完美的”。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天好幾次對佩吉說，它是一個(gè)多么完美的天使，用的語氣即使是對我的孩子們，我也從未想過會(huì)這么說。A.look樣子；B.language語言；C.mood心情；D.tone語調(diào)。根據(jù)上文“ItellPeggyseveraltimesaday（我一天告訴佩吉好幾次）”可知，此處應(yīng)是指“語調(diào)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的推特和Instagram上都是它的照片。A.words話語，字；B.pictures照片；C.food食物；D.supplies供應(yīng)品。根據(jù)上文“TwitterandInstagram”，結(jié)合此處的“her”指那只小狗，可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)是指照片，推特和Instagram上都是小狗的照片。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每天晚上，我都會(huì)花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)安靜地和它依偎在沙發(fā)上，這本是它不被允許（這么做）的。A.allowed允許；B.sat坐；C.anticipated預(yù)料；D.involved涉及。根據(jù)上文“cuddletimewithheronthecouch（和它在沙發(fā)上依偎）”，結(jié)合常識可知，此處應(yīng)是指小狗本應(yīng)是不被允許和作者躺在沙發(fā)上依偎的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我告訴別人佩吉今年救了我的時(shí)候——這是真的。A.surprised使驚訝；B.saved拯救；C.defended辯護(hù)；D.struck打擊。根據(jù)下文“Peggyhasgivenourweary,___13___familyanewsharedfocus,anemotionalcenterthatisn'tallaboutour___14___.（佩吉給我們疲憊、心碎的家庭提供了一個(gè)新的共同關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)，一個(gè)不全是關(guān)于失去親人的情感中心）”可知，此處應(yīng)是指佩吉拯救了作者。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：佩吉給我們疲憊、心碎的家庭提供了一個(gè)新的共同關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)，一個(gè)不全是關(guān)于失去親人的情感中心。A.happy開心的；B.merciful仁慈的；C.heartbroken心碎的；D.horrible可怕的。根據(jù)上文“weary（疲憊的）”以及前文作者失去了親人可知，此處應(yīng)是指“心碎的家庭”。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：佩吉給我們疲憊、心碎的家庭提供了一個(gè)新的共同關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)，一個(gè)不全是關(guān)于失去親人的情感中心。A.loss損失；B.news新聞；C.family家庭；D.feelings感覺。根據(jù)上文“ourweary,___13___family”可知，此處應(yīng)是指作者和家人們的損失，失去。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它給了我們一個(gè)新的地方來安放我們的愛讓我們找回自我。A.dog狗；B.place地方；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.idea想法。根據(jù)下文“toputourloveinandbroughtusbacktoourselves（把我們的愛放進(jìn)去，讓我們找回自我）”可知，此處應(yīng)是指可以安放我們的愛讓我們找回自我的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SanxingduiisbelievedtohavesatattheheartoftheShustate,whichhistoriansknow___36___(relative)littleaboutduetofewlittlewrittenrecords.Morethan50,000ancientartifacts___37___(find)atSanxingduisincethe1920s,___38___alocalfarmeraccidentallycameuponanumberofrelicsatthesite.Amajorbreakthrough___39___(occur)in1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpits___40___(contain)over1,000items,elaborateandwell-preservedbronzemasksincluded.Manyoftheitemsarenow___41___displayatanon-sitemuseum.Thesitehasrevolutionizedexperts'understandingofhowcivilizationdevelopedinancientChina.Inparticular,evidenceofauniqueShuculturesuggestedthatthekingdomdevelopedindependentlyofneighboringsocietiesintheYellowRiverValley,whichwasconsideredtobe___42___cradle(搖籃)ofChinesecivilization.Thediscoveryofsilkfibersandtheremainsoftextilesmayalsoexpand___43___(we)understandingoftheShu.Headoftheexcavationteam,TangFei,saidinapressconferencethatthediscoveryindicatesthatthekingdom“wasoneoftheimportant___44___(origin)ofsilkinancientChina”.Thoughnotyet___45___(recognize)asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,Sanxingduiisontheorganization's"tentativelist"forpossiblefutureinclu