中考復(fù)習(xí)-被動(dòng)語態(tài)

ThePassiveVoice

Welcometoourclass!LessonStyle:RevisionⅠ.FocusonthePassiveVoice(Ⅰ)主動(dòng)語態(tài)(TheActiveVoice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(ThePassiveVoice)

ManypeoplespeakChinese.(主動(dòng)語態(tài):主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.(被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語是動(dòng)作的承受者)(Ⅱ)Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:

1.WhatisthebasicstructureofthePassiveVoice?Andwhatareitsdifferenttenseforms?2.InwhatsituationsisthePassiveVoiceused?3.HowtochangetheActiveVoiceintothePassiveVoice?Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhilechangingit?4.HowtousethePassiveVoiceproperly?1.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.2.Camerasareusedfortakingphotos.3.Iamtaughtbyhimthisyear.4.Athiefwascaughtyesterday.5.Afewman-madesatellitesweresentupintospacelastyear.

(Ⅲ).Let’sreadandobserve(觀察)carefully,

thendrawsomeconclusions(結(jié)論).一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)6.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyears’time.7.Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.8.Atalkisgoingtobegivensoon.9.Theseyoungmenaregoingtobetrained

inthearmy.10.Mywatchisbeingrepaired

now.11.Somecomputersarebeingcheckedthere.12.Iambeingwatchedbyeveryone.一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)13.Treesmustbeplantedaroundourschool.14.Teenagersshouldbetaughttoobeylaws.15.Mustourhomeworkbehandedinnow?16.Thefoodhasbeeneatenupalready.17.Thosecellphoneshavebeenstolen.18.Havetheapplesbeenpaidforyet?含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)19.Hisbikewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.20.SomeTVsetswerebeingrepairedat9amyesterday.21.HadUnit6beenlearnedbeforelastweek?22.Thesebikeshadbeenrepairedbytheendoflastmonth.23.HesaidhewouldbesenttoAmerica.24.Wethoughthewouldn’tbehangedthenextmonth.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成：be+vt.p.p.ConclusionⅠ:時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)▲一般過去時(shí)▲一般將來時(shí)▲含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞▲am/is/aredonewas/were

doneshall/will/begoingtobedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)am/is/arebeingdonewould/was/weregoingtobedonehadbeen

donehave/hasbeen

donewas/werebeingdoneConclusionⅡ:要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種場(chǎng)合：

1.不知道或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí);HondacarsaremadeinJapan.

2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí);Englishisusedmostwidelyintheworld.

3.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人時(shí);Hishousewaswashedawayintheflood.

4.文章的標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等用語.WaitersWanted(招聘服務(wù)員,省去了are.)TurnthefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice:1.Weplantedmanytreeslastmonth.→Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastmonth.1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)改被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟及注意事項(xiàng):ConclusionⅢ:(1).步驟:首先,要弄清楚主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語、謂語和賓語及其時(shí)態(tài);其次,把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語;然后,把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞改成相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu);最后,當(dāng)需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),由by引出組成介詞短語,其它句子成分不變.(2).注意事項(xiàng):①時(shí)態(tài)與原句保持一致;②人稱代詞主格、賓格的變化;③大小寫的變化;④變化后被動(dòng)句中主謂在人稱和數(shù)上的一致.細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗,細(xì)節(jié)成就高度!2.Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.→Iwasboughtanewbikeyesterday.Anewbikewasboughtformeyesterday.★3.Hegavemeadictionary.→

Iwasgivenadictionary(byhim).

Adictionarywasgiven

tome(byhim).★(3).帶雙賓的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種改法。通常把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語,直接賓語仍保留在原位;當(dāng)把直接賓語改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)，間接賓語前必須加介詞to或for.

間接賓語前加

to的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,show,send,pass,bring,

lend,

tell等;間接賓語前加for

動(dòng)詞有buy,

sing,

make,draw,cook,mend,

do,

get,

find等.★4.Thebossmadehimdotheheavyworkintheolddays.→5.Wemusthandinourcompositionsafterclass.→

He

wasmadetodotheheavyworkintheolddays.

Ourcompositionsmustbehanded

inafterclass.★★(4)使役動(dòng)詞have,let,make和感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,notice在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后接省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),to必須還原。WeheardhimsingPekingOperalastSunday.→Hewasheard

tosingPekingOperalastSunday但注意:Weheardhimplayingthepianojustnow.→Hewasheard

playingthepianojustnow.★(5)及物動(dòng)詞后有復(fù)合賓語(賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語)時(shí),只需將賓語提前變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原位.WecallhimTomson.→HeiscalledTomson(byus).Wemustkeepourclassroomcleaneveryday.→Ourclassroommustbekeptclean

everyday.(6)一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)將該短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體,不能漏掉其中的介詞或副詞.eg.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.→Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.Wecantakegoodcareofyourchild.→Yourchildcanbetakengoodcareof.★★Ⅱ.應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn):1.牢記不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式.常用的不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞有:happen,breakout,takeplace,belongto,breakdown,appear,disappear等.Atrafficaccidenthappened

tohimlastnight.Mycarbrokedownhalfway.2.主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況:⑴表感官功能或變化的系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式.這類詞主要有:smell,taste,sound,look,feel,get,turn,become等.Thesilkfeelssoftandsmooth.(2)有些及物動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示主語(表物)的某種性質(zhì)時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這類詞主要有:open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,ride,draw等,且這些詞后多有副詞well.Thepen_____(write)verywell.Thiskindofsweater____(sell)well.writessells(3)在beworthdoing中的doing表被動(dòng)意義.Thisbookiswellworthreading(4)(sth.)need/requiredoing.相當(dāng)于(sth.)need/requiretobedone.tobedone表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).Mybikeneedsrepairing.

＝Mybikeneedstoberepaired.◆常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞組：1.被用來做某事被某人使用被用作……2.由……制造在某地/某時(shí)制造3.被制成……4.由……組成/構(gòu)成5.裝滿……6.由/被……覆蓋7.穿壞,用舊8.被迫做某事beusedfordoingsth/todosth.beusedby+人beusedas…bemadeof/from+原料bemadein+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間(年\月)

bemadeinto+成品bemadeupof……befilledwithbecoveredwith/bybewornoutbemade/forcedtodo◆常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾個(gè)句型:1.Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……2.Itisbelievedthat…據(jù)說/普遍認(rèn)為……3.Itiswell-knownthat…眾所周知……4.Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道……5.Iwastoldthat…據(jù)我所知……/有人告訴我…...9.被聽到作某事10.被看見作某事11.建立/成立12.賣完beheardtodosth.beseentodosth.

bebuilt/foundedbesoldout.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.英語在中國被用作最重要的外語。2.郵票是用來寄信的。EnglishisusedasthemostimportantforeignlanguageinChina.Stampsareusedforsending\tosendletters.3.據(jù)說他在美國待過五年。4.我們班由61位學(xué)生組成。5.據(jù)我所知,我們都通過了期末考試。ItissaidthathestayedinAmericaforfiveyearsOurclassismadeupof61students.Iwastoldthatwehadallpassedthefinalexam.Ⅲ.即時(shí)演練:1.Ifthework____,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade____intheclassroom.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed3.Theletter___byKatebeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadbeenwrittenD.iswritingDBC4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish___intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow

B5.Ilikemybike.It___verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden6.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom___,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvitedAD7.Weshouldhelpthedisabledandthey______.A.shouldbelaughedatB.aren’tlaughedC.wasn’tlaughedD.shouldn’tbelaughedat8.Thechildrenmust_______.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareofDD9.Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat__inherhometownwhileshewasaway.A.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappened10.—Whydoesshehavetowalktoschool?—Becauseherbike___.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairing

BB考綱要求考查角度應(yīng)對(duì)攻略1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)．近幾年中考主要是在單項(xiàng)選擇中結(jié)合具體語境考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法.也有在完形填空、閱讀理解、讀寫綜合等題型中間接考查到的情況.首先要熟練掌握三種時(shí)態(tài)與含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義、結(jié)構(gòu)及用法;其次在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中有意識(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法的訓(xùn)練．Ⅳ.2013年中考課標(biāo)考綱解讀Ⅴ.中考探究

1.Peoplewhodrinkwine

todriveafterMayDay.(2011廣東)A.don’tallowB.isn’tallowedC.mustn’tallowD.mustn’tbeallowed.2.—Yourclassroomisveryclean.—Yes,it

everyday.(2011肇慶)A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaningD.cleanedDA3.TheChineseCultureDay

inNewYorkCityonApril20