2023屆高考英語三輪復習閱讀理解七選五沖刺訓練：說明文篇 (7)學案（含答案）

2023屆高考英語三輪復習閱讀理解七選五沖刺訓練：說明文篇（7）①滴灌和水培農業(yè)【題目】Agriculturehascomealongwayfromitsancientbeginnings.Longago,farmerswouldworkhardontheirindividualplotsofland,usingsimpletoolsoreventheirbarehands.Theytendedtotheircropsformanyhourseachdaysothatthecropsgrewwell.____1____Forexample,asinglestormcoulddestroyawholeyear’swork,whileasummerofgoodweathercouldensureagoodharvest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavehelpedtogreatlyreducetheback-breakinglabourinvolvedinfarming,alongwiththerelianceonluckandguesswork.____2____Probablyoneofthemostbeneficialinnovationsisdripirrigation,whichhasmadeitpossibletodevelopbig,greenfarmsinthemiddleofthedesert.SimchaBlass,anIsraeliscientist,discoveredthisnewwayofirrigationinthe1930s.Throughthisdiscovery,farmerscannowproducecropsondrylandwithoutneedingmuchwater.____3____Thelimitedandfocuseduseofjusttherightamountofwateralsodeniesmoisture(水分)toweeds,keepingthemfromharmingthecrops.____4____However,whatifanareahasplentyofwater,butlittleusablesoil?Asitturnsout,itispossibletogrowplantswithoutusingsoilatall.Withhydroponics(水培),plantrootsaresupportedbyrocksorafibermat.Nutrient-richwateristhenprovidedsothattheplantscangrow.Recentresearchhascenteredonverticalhydroponicsfarming.Withaverticalfarm,thecropsareplantedincontainersthatarepiledintoplantskyscrapers.____5____Withsuchtechnologicaladvances,theimageofafarmerpushingaploughwilleventuallybecomeathingofthepast.A．Luckplayedagreatpartinfarming.B．Someareaswouldbetoodrytogrowcrops.C．Dripirrigationdealswithalackofwaterinanarea.D．Therehavebeenexperimentstomakedripirrigationareality.E．Thisirrigationmethodusesfarlesswaterthanothermethods.F．Furthermore,nearlyallhydroponicfarmspartiallyorfullyautomated.G．Farmershavebenefitedgreatlyfrominnovationsincropproduction.【答案&解析】【答案】1．A2．G3．E4．C5．F1．上文“Theytendedtotheircropsformanyhourseachdaysothatthecropsgrewwell.(他們每天花好幾個小時照料莊稼，以便莊稼長得好。)”指出農民們?yōu)榱饲f稼長得好，每天要花好幾個小時照料莊稼，下文“Forexample,asinglestormcoulddestroyawholeyear’swork,whileasummerofgoodweathercouldensureagoodharvest.(例如，一場暴風雨可以毀掉一整年的工作，而一個好天氣的夏天可以保證豐收。)”以具體例子說明，突發(fā)天氣狀況會影響收成，由此可推知，空處應該是指出古代農業(yè)收成好壞也靠運氣，A項“Luckplayedagreatpartinfarming.(運氣在農業(yè)中起了很大的作用。)”符合，故選A。2．上文“Modernscienceandtechnologyhavehelpedtogreatlyreducetheback-breakinglabourinvolvedinfarming,alongwiththerelianceonluckandguesswork.(現(xiàn)代科學技術大大減少了農業(yè)勞動的負擔，同時也減少了對運氣和猜測的依賴。)”指出現(xiàn)代科技給農業(yè)帶來的好處，空處也應該承接上文，繼續(xù)描寫現(xiàn)代科技給農業(yè)帶來的好處，G項“Farmershavebenefitedgreatlyfrominnovationsincropproduction.(農民從農作物生產的創(chuàng)新中獲益匪淺。)”符合，故選G。3．上文“Throughthisdiscovery,farmerscannowproducecropsondrylandwithoutneedingmuchwater.(通過這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，農民現(xiàn)在可以在旱地上種植作物，而不需要太多的水。)”指出滴灌的優(yōu)點，農民不僅可以旱地上種植，而且不需要太多水，下文“Thelimitedandfocuseduseofjusttherightamountofwateralsodeniesmoisture(水分)toweeds,keepingthemfromharmingthecrops.(有限而集中地使用恰到好處的水量也會使雜草失去水分，從而防止它們損害莊稼。)”指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水對農業(yè)的好處，由此可知，空處應承接上文，繼續(xù)描寫滴灌用水少這一優(yōu)點，E項“Thisirrigationmethodusesfarlesswaterthanothermethods.(這種灌溉方法比其他方法用水少得多。)”符合，故選E。4．由下文“However,whatifanareahasplentyofwater,butlittleusablesoil?Asitturnsout,itispossibletogrowplantswithoutusingsoilatall.Withhydroponics(水培),plantrootsaresupportedbyrocksorafibermat.Nutrient-richwateristhenprovidedsothattheplantscangrow(但是，如果一個地區(qū)有足夠的水，但是可用的土壤很少呢？事實證明，不用土壤也能種植植物。通過水培，植物的根部由巖石或纖維墊支撐。然后提供營養(yǎng)豐富的水，這樣植物就可以生長。)”的however可知，空處和下文是對比關系，且結合上段提到用水少的滴灌可知，空處應該是對上文進行總結，同時和下文進行對比，即用滴灌能解決缺水地區(qū)的農業(yè)問題和水培能解決水多地區(qū)的問題做對比，C項“Dripirrigationdealswithalackofwaterinanarea.(滴灌解決了一個地區(qū)缺水的問題。)”符合，故選C。5．上文“Recentresearchhascenteredonverticalhydroponicsfarming.Withaverticalfarm,thecropsareplantedincontainersthatarepiledintoplantskyscrapers.(最近的研究集中在垂直水培農業(yè)上。在垂直農場中，農作物被種植在集裝箱中，集裝箱堆成了摩天大樓。)”提出最近的研究都在垂直水培農業(yè)上，同時描述了垂直水培農作物的一些情況，空處應該繼續(xù)描寫垂直水培農作物的一些相關內容，F(xiàn)項“Furthermore,nearlyallhydroponicfarmspartiallyorfullyautomated.(此外，幾乎所有的水培農場都部分或全部自動化。)”符合語境，故選F。【重點詞匯&詞組】1.individual(adj.)個人的；2.technology(n.)科技；3.irrigation(n.)灌溉；4.soil(n.)土壤；5.hydroponics(n.)水培；6.nutrient(adj./n.)營養(yǎng)的/營養(yǎng)物質；7.vertical(adj.)垂直的；8.skyscraper(n.)摩天大樓；9.advances(n.)進步；10.plough(n.)犁；11.ancient(adj.)古代的；12.farmers(n.)農民；13.tools(n.)工具；14.crops(n.)莊稼，作物；15.storm(n.)暴風雨；16.reliance(n.)依賴；17.guesswork(n.)猜測；18.beneficial(adj.)有益的；19.innovation(n.)創(chuàng)新；20.desert(n.)沙漠；21.scientist(n.)科學家；22.limited(adj.)有限的；23.focused(adj.)聚焦的；24.moisture(n.)濕氣，水分；25.weeds(n.)雜草；26.harmful(adj.)有害的；27.plant(v.)種植；28.roots(n.)根；29.rocks(n.)巖石；30.fiber(n.)纖維；31.recent(adj.)最近的；32.centered(v.)以...為中心；33.automation(n.)自動化；34.image(n.)形象；35.reality(n.)現(xiàn)實；36.area(n.)區(qū)域；37.dry(adj.)干燥的；38.usable(adj.)可用的；39.push(v.)推；40.thing(n.)事情。41.rely(v.)依賴；42.discovery(n.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；43.containers(n.)容器；44.piled(v.)堆積；45.become(v.)成為；46.alongwith(phrase)以及，與...一起；47.ensure(v.)確保；48.goodharvest(phrase)豐收；49.harmfulcrops(phrase)有害作物；50.recentresearch(phrase)最近的研究。

②如何拍攝好的照片【題目】It’spossibletotakeperfectphotoswithacamerain“auto”mode.____1____Shutter(快門)speed,apertureandISO,inparticular.Shutterspeedreferstohowquicklythecamera’sshutteropensandcloses.Openitfor,say,1/2,000ofasecondandyou’llcaptureafast-runningrabbitinsharplydefineddetail.____2____Aperturereferstohowmuchtheholeinthelens(鏡頭)openstoallowlightontothesensor,markedasF-numbers.Largeapertures,whichcorrespondtolowF-numbers(suchasF4),allowinalotoflight,whilesmallerapertures,whichhavehighF-numbers(suchasF22),letinlesslight.It’susefultounderstandF-numbersintermsofdepthoffield.____3____Forexample,ifyoufocusonamonkey,themonkeymightbesharpbuttheforestbackgroundwouldbeblurry(模糊的).WithahighF-numberonthesameshot,notonlywouldthemonkeybeinfocus,buttheleavesandbranchesintheforestwouldbetoo.ISOreferstothecamera’ssensitivitytolight.____4____Butinlowlightsituations,you’llwanttowindtheISOup(to5,000,6.000orhigher).Butbewareofpushingtoofar,ashigherISOsaremorelikelytoproducephotosthataregrainyor“noisy”.Allthree—shutterspeed,aperture,ISO—interactwithoneanother.____5____Thebestwaytogetyourheadaroundthemistogooutandexperimentandmakenotesabouthowdifferentphotoslookwith,forexample,areallyhighorlowF-number.A．Youwillgetthebestfromyourcamera.B．Inbrightlylitsituations,lowISOsworkfine.C．AlowF-numbergivesashallowdepthoffield.D．It’svitaltobeinpossessionofaprofessionalcamera.E．Butforlonger,thesamesubjectsmightendupasblurs.F．Butthewayyouusethemwilldeterminehowyourphotosturnout.G．Buttogettheresultsyouwant,youneedtounderstanditsmanualcontrol.【答案&解析】【答案】1．G2．E3．C4．B5．F1．上文“It’spossibletotakeperfectphotoswithacamerain“auto”mode.(在“自動”模式下使用相機可以拍攝完美的照片)”說明自動模式可以拍攝完美照片，下文“Shutterspeed,apertureandISO,inparticular.(特別是快門速度、光圈和ISO)”說明這三種因素會影響拍攝，G項“但為了得到想要的結果，你需要了解它的手動控制?！迸c空前形成轉折關系，并承接下文，符合題意。故選G。2．上文“Openitfor,say,1/2,000ofasecondandyou’llcaptureafast-runningrabbitinsharplydefineddetail.(打開它，比如說，1/2000秒，你會捕捉到一只快速奔跑的兔子，細節(jié)清晰)”說明1/2000秒可以清晰地捕捉到一只快速奔跑的兔子的細節(jié)，E項“但如果時間長點，同樣的主題可能最終成為模糊?！边M一步就快門速度進行介紹，符合題意。故選E。3．下文“Forexample,ifyoufocusonamonkey,themonkeymightbesharpbuttheforestbackgroundwouldbeblurry.WithahighF-numberonthesameshot,notonlywouldthemonkeybeinfocus,buttheleavesandbranchesintheforestwouldbetoo.(例如，如果你關注一只猴子，猴子可能很清晰，但森林背景會很模糊。如果在同一張照片上有一個高F值，不僅猴子會聚焦，森林中的樹葉和樹枝也會聚焦)”說明F值高，猴子和森林中的樹葉樹枝都會聚焦，所以F值低會導致猴子聚焦，森林背景模糊，C項“較低的F值會產生較淺的景深?！狈项}意。故選C。4．下文“Butinlowlightsituations,you’llwanttowindtheISOup(to5,000,6.000orhigher).(但在光線較暗的情況下，你需要將ISO上緊（達到5000、6000或更高）)”說明光線較暗時，ISO需要被上緊，B項“在燈光明亮的情況下，低ISOs能更好地起作用?！迸c下文形成對比關系，符合題意。故選B。5．上文“Allthree—shutterspeed,aperture,ISO—interactwithoneanother.(快門速度，光圈，ISO這三個因素相互作用)”說明這三個因素相互作用，下文“Thebestwaytogetyourheadaroundthemistogooutandexperimentandmakenotesabouthowdifferentphotoslookwith,forexample,areallyhighorlowF-number.(讓你的頭腦圍繞著它們的最好方法是走出去，實驗并記錄下照片的不同樣子，例如，F(xiàn)值真的很高或很低時)”說明最好的方法是自己走出去，去實驗，F(xiàn)項中them指代上文中的shutterspeed,aperture,ISO，F(xiàn)項“但是你使用它們的方式將決定你的照片的效果。”符合題意。故選F。【重點詞匯&詞組】1.perfect(adj.)完美的；2.auto(adj.)自動的；3.mode(n.)模式；4.shutter(n.)快門；5.aperture(