面向?qū)ο笙到y(tǒng)分析和設(shè)計(jì)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

.z.實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：實(shí)驗(yàn)3設(shè)計(jì)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)1學(xué)期：2017-2018學(xué)年第二學(xué)期一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?．熟練使用面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)原則對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)展重構(gòu)；2．熟練使用面向?qū)ο缶幊陶Z(yǔ)言〔JAVA或C++〕實(shí)現(xiàn)幾種常見(jiàn)的創(chuàng)立型設(shè)計(jì)模式和行為型模式，包括簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式、工廠方法模式、抽象工廠模式和模板方法，理解每一種設(shè)計(jì)模式的模式動(dòng)機(jī)，掌握模式構(gòu)造，學(xué)習(xí)如何使用代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)這些模式。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1.選擇適宜的面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)原則對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)展重構(gòu)，正確無(wú)誤地繪制重構(gòu)之后的類圖；2.結(jié)合實(shí)例，正確無(wú)誤地繪制簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式、工廠方法模式、抽象工廠模式和模板方法的模式構(gòu)造圖；3.實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式、工廠方法模式、抽象工廠模式和模板方法，代碼運(yùn)行正確無(wú)誤。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)容1．在*圖形庫(kù)API中提供了多種矢量圖模板，用戶可以基于這些矢量圖創(chuàng)立不同的顯示圖形，圖形庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)人員設(shè)計(jì)的初始類圖如下所示：在該圖形庫(kù)中，每個(gè)圖形類〔如Circle、Triangle等〕的init()方法用于初始化所創(chuàng)立的圖形，setColor()方法用于給圖形設(shè)置邊框顏色，fill()方法用于給圖形設(shè)置填充顏色，setSize()方法用于設(shè)置圖形的大小，display()方法用于顯示圖形。客戶類(Client)在使用該圖形庫(kù)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)存在如下問(wèn)題：=1\*GB3①由于在創(chuàng)立窗口時(shí)每次只需要使用圖形庫(kù)中的一種圖形，因此在更換圖形時(shí)需要修改客戶類源代碼；=2\*GB3②在圖形庫(kù)中增加并使用新的圖形時(shí)需要修改客戶類源代碼；=3\*GB3③客戶類在每次使用圖形對(duì)象之前需要先創(chuàng)立圖形對(duì)象，有些圖形的創(chuàng)立過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜，導(dǎo)致客戶類代碼冗長(zhǎng)且難以維護(hù)?，F(xiàn)需要根據(jù)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)原則對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)展重構(gòu)，要求如下：=1\*GB3①隔離圖形的創(chuàng)立和使用，將圖形的創(chuàng)立過(guò)程封裝在專門的類中，客戶類在使用圖形時(shí)無(wú)須直接創(chuàng)立圖形對(duì)象，甚至不需要關(guān)心具體圖形類類名；=2\*GB3②客戶類能夠方便地更換圖形或使用新增圖形，無(wú)須針對(duì)具體圖形類編程，符合開(kāi)閉原則。繪制重構(gòu)之后的類圖并說(shuō)明在重構(gòu)過(guò)程中所運(yùn)用的面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)原則。重構(gòu)之后的類圖重構(gòu)過(guò)程中所使用的面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)原則及簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明：開(kāi)閉原則：創(chuàng)立新圖形只要新參加圖形工廠和對(duì)應(yīng)圖形類，不修改源代碼。依賴倒轉(zhuǎn)原則：針對(duì)接口編程。單一職責(zé)原則：每個(gè)工廠只生產(chǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)圖形。2.*銷售管理系統(tǒng)支持多種支付方式，如現(xiàn)金支付、行用卡支付和代金券支付等，我們可能會(huì)像下面這么寫(xiě)，考慮用簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式對(duì)其進(jìn)展重構(gòu)。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){IpayFactoryiFactory=newIpayFactory(); Ipaymethonpaymethon=iFactory.createPaymethon("cash");if(paymethon!=null){paymethon.pay(); }else{ System.out.println("error"); } }}publicclassIpayFactory{publicIpaymethoncreatePaymethon(Stringpaymethon){if(paymethon.equalsIgnoreCase("cash")){returnnewCash(); }elseif(paymethon.equalsIgnoreCase("creditcard")){returnnewCreditCard(); }if(paymethon.equalsIgnoreCase("voucher")){returnnewVoucher(); }else{returnnull; }}}publicinterfaceIpaymethon{publicvoidpay();}publicclassCashimplementsIpaymethon{publicvoidpay(){ System.out.println("Cashpay");}}publicclassCreditCardimplementsIpaymethon{publicvoidpay(){ System.out.println("CreditCardpay");}}publicclassVoucherimplementsIpaymethon{publicvoidpay(){ System.out.println("Voucherpay");}}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：3．使用簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)可以創(chuàng)立不同幾何形狀(Shape)，如圓形(Circle)、矩形(Rectangle)和三角形(Triangle)等的繪圖工具類，每個(gè)幾何圖形均具有繪制Draw()和擦除Erase()兩個(gè)方法，要求在繪制不支持的幾何圖形時(shí)，拋出一個(gè)UnsupportedShapeE*ception異常，繪制類圖并編程模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicinterfaceShape{publicvoiddraw();publicvoiderase();}publicclassCircleimplementsShape{publicvoiddraw(){ System.out.println("drawCircle");}publicvoiderase(){ System.out.println("eraseCircle");}}publicclassRectangleimplementsShape{publicvoiddraw(){ System.out.println("drawRectangle"); }publicvoiderase(){ System.out.println("eraseRectangle"); }}publicclassTriangleimplementsShape{publicvoiddraw(){ System.out.println("drawTriangle");}publicvoiderase(){ System.out.println("eraseTriangle");}}publicclassShapeFactory{publicstaticShapeproduceShape(Stringshape)throwsUnsupportedShapeE*ception{if(shape.equals("Circle")){ System.out.println("Circle");returnnewCircle(); }elseif(shape.equals("Triangle")){ System.out.println("Triangle");returnnewTriangle(); }elseif(shape.equals("Rectangle")){ System.out.println("Rectangle");returnnewRectangle(); }else{thrownewUnsupportedShapeE*ception(); }}}publicclassUnsupportedShapeE*ceptione*tendsE*ception{publicUnsupportedShapeE*ception() { System.out.println("繪制圖形異常，請(qǐng)確認(rèn)輸入圖形。"); }}publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ ShapeFactoryshapeFactory=newShapeFactory();try{shapeFduceShape("Circle").draw();shapeFduceShape("Circle").erase(); }catch(UnsupportedShapeE*ceptione){e.printStackTrace(); } }}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：4.現(xiàn)需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)程序來(lái)讀取多種不同類型的圖片格式，針對(duì)每一種圖片格式都設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)圖片讀取器(ImageReader)，如GIF圖片讀取器(GifReader)用于讀取GIF格式的圖片、JPG圖片讀取器(JpgReader)用于讀取JPG格式的圖片。圖片讀取器對(duì)象通過(guò)圖片讀取器工廠ImageReaderFactory來(lái)創(chuàng)立，ImageReaderFactory是一個(gè)抽象類，用于定義創(chuàng)立圖片讀取器的工廠方法，其子類GifReaderFactory和JpgReaderFactory用于創(chuàng)立具體的圖片讀取器對(duì)象。試使用工廠方法模式設(shè)計(jì)該程序，繪制類圖并編程模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)。需充分考慮系統(tǒng)的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ JpgReaderFactoryjFactory=newJpgReaderFactory();jFduceImageReader().readimage(); GifReaderFactorygFactory=newGifReaderFactory();gFduceImageReader().readimage(); }}publicinterfaceImageReader{publicvoidreadimage();}publicclassGifReaderimplementsImageReader{publicvoidreadimage(){ System.out.println("Readgifimage.");}}publicclassJpgReaderimplementsImageReader{publicvoidreadimage(){ System.out.println("jpgreader"); System.out.println("Readjpgimage.");}}publicabstractclassImageReaderFactory{publicabstractImageReaderproduceImageReader();}publicclassGifReaderFactorye*tendsImageReaderFactory{publicImageReaderproduceImageReader(){ System.out.println("gifreader");returnnewGifReader();}}publicclassJpgReaderFactorye*tendsImageReaderFactory{publicImageReaderproduceImageReader(){returnnewJpgReader();}}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：5.有一個(gè)OEM制造商代理做HP筆記本電腦(Laptop)，后來(lái)該制造商得到了更多的品牌筆記本電腦的訂單Acer，Lenovo，Dell，該OEM商發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果一次同時(shí)做很多個(gè)牌子的本本，有些不利于管理。利用工廠模式改善設(shè)計(jì)，繪制類圖并編程模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ IFactorylf=newHpFactory();Laptoptp=lf.createLaptop();tp.show();lf=newAcerFactory();tp=lf.createLaptop();tp.show();lf=newLenovoFactory();tp=lf.createLaptop();tp.show();lf=newDellFactory();tp=lf.createLaptop();tp.show();}}publicinterfaceIFactory{publicLaptopcreateLaptop();}publicclassAcerFactoryimplementsIFactory{publicLaptopcreateLaptop(){returnnewAcerLaptop();}}publicclassDellFactoryimplementsIFactory{publicLaptopcreateLaptop(){returnnewDellLaptop();}}publicclassHpFactoryimplementsIFactory{publicLaptopcreateLaptop(){returnnewHpLaptop();}}publicclassLenovoFactoryimplementsIFactory{publicLaptopcreateLaptop(){returnnewLenovoLaptop();}}publicabstractclassLaptop{publicvoidshow(){};}publicclassAcerLaptope*tendsLaptop{publicvoidshow(){ System.out.println("AcerLaptop");}}publicclassDellLaptope*tendsLaptop{publicvoidshow(){ System.out.println("DellLaptop");}}publicclassHpLaptope*tendsLaptop{publicvoidshow(){ System.out.println("HpLaptop");}}publicclassLenovoLaptope*tendsLaptop{publicvoidshow(){ System.out.println("LenovoLaptop");}}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：6.*軟件公司欲開(kāi)發(fā)一套界面皮膚庫(kù)，可以對(duì)桌面軟件進(jìn)展界面美化。不同的皮膚將提供視覺(jué)效果不同的按鈕、文本框、組合框等界面元素，其構(gòu)造如下列圖所示：該皮膚庫(kù)需要具備良好的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性，用戶可以自由選擇不同的皮膚，開(kāi)發(fā)人員可以在不修改既有代碼的根底上增加新的皮膚。試使用抽象工廠模式設(shè)計(jì)該皮膚庫(kù)，繪制類圖并編程模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ SpringSkinFactoryskinFactory=newSpringSkinFactory();skinFactory.createButton().action();skinFactory.createTe*tbo*().action();skinFactory.createbobo*().action(); }}publicinterfaceSkinFactory{publicAbstractButtoncreateButton();publicAbstractTe*tbo*createTe*tbo*();publicAbstractbobo*createbobo*();}publicclassSpringSkinFactoryimplementsSkinFactory{publicAbstractButtoncreateButton(){ System.out.println("生成greenbutton");returnnewGreenButton();}publicAbstractTe*tbo*createTe*tbo*(){ System.out.println("生成greente*tbo*");returnnewGreenTe*tbo*();}publicAbstractbobo*createbobo*(){ System.out.println("生成greenbobo*");returnnewGreenbobo*();}}publicclassSummerSkinFactoryimplementsSkinFactory{publicAbstractButtoncreateButton(){ System.out.println("生成bluebutton");returnnewBlueButton(); }publicAbstractTe*tbo*createTe*tbo*(){ System.out.println("生成bluete*tbo*");returnnewBlueTe*tbo*(); }publicAbstractbobo*createbobo*(){ System.out.println("生成bluebobo*");returnnewBluebobo*(); }}publicinterfaceAbstractButton{publicvoidaction();}publicclassGreenButtonimplementsAbstractButton{Overridepublicvoidaction(){ System.out.println("Greenbutton"); }}publicclassBlueButtonimplementsAbstractButton{Overridepublicvoidaction(){ System.out.println("Bluebutton"); }}publicinterfaceAbstractTe*tbo*{publicvoidaction();}publicclassGreenTe*tbo*implementsAbstractTe*tbo*{Overridepublicvoidaction(){ System.out.println("GreenTe*tbo*"); }}publicclassBlueTe*tbo*implementsAbstractTe*tbo*{Overridepublicvoidaction(){ System.out.println("BlueTe*tbo*"); }}publicinterfaceAbstractbobo*{publicvoidaction();}publicclassGreenbobo*implementsAbstractbobo*{publicvoidaction(){ System.out.println("Greenbobo*"); }}publicclassBluebobo*implementsAbstractbobo*{publicvoidaction(){System.out.println("Blubobo*"); }}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：7.麥當(dāng)勞〔McDonalds〕和肯德基〔KFC〕快餐店都經(jīng)營(yíng)漢堡〔Hamburg〕和可樂(lè)〔Cola〕，用控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)這兩個(gè)快餐店經(jīng)營(yíng)產(chǎn)品的抽象工廠模式，并繪制該模式的UML圖。類圖實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ Hamburgh; Colac; AbstractFactoryaf=newMDNFactory();h=af.createHamburg();c=af.createCola();h.getHumburg();c.getCola();af=newKDJFactory();h=af.createHamburg();c=af.createCola();h.getHumburg();c.getCola(); }}publicinterfaceAbstractFactory{publicHamburgcreateHamburg();publicColacreateCola();}publicclassKDJFactoryimplementsAbstractFactory{OverridepublicHamburgcreateHamburg(){returnnewKDJHamburg(); }OverridepublicColacreateCola(){returnnewKDJCola(); }}publicclassMDNFactoryimplementsAbstractFactory{OverridepublicHamburgcreateHamburg(){returnnewMDNHamburg(); }OverridepublicColacreateCola(){returnnewMDNCola(); }}publicinterfaceCola{publicvoidgetCola();}publicclassKDJColaimplementsCola{OverridepublicvoidgetCola(){ System.out.println("KDJCola"); }}publicclassMDNColaimplementsCola{OverridepublicvoidgetCola(){ System.out.println("MDNCola"); }}publicinterfaceHamburg{publicvoidgetHumburg();}publicclassKDJHamburgimplementsHamburg{OverridepublicvoidgetHumburg(){ System.out.println("KDJHamburg"); }}publicclassMDNHamburgimplementsHamburg{OverridepublicvoidgetHumburg(){ System.out.println("MDNHamburg"); }}實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果：8.*軟件公司要為*銀行的業(yè)務(wù)支撐系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)利息計(jì)算模塊，利息的計(jì)算流程如下：(1)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)賬號(hào)和密碼驗(yàn)證用戶信息，如果用戶信息錯(cuò)誤，則系統(tǒng)顯