小馬機(jī)經(jīng)1月10日11范圍

110&11 24-5,不但可以避免答案E.g.99總分大于110分,不必要復(fù)議E.g.101托?？荚嚦龇趾蟮娜齻€(gè)月之內(nèi)都可以申請(qǐng)復(fù)議復(fù)議周期一般為2復(fù)議若成功(即分?jǐn)?shù)有變化),ETS會(huì)將復(fù)議申請(qǐng)費(fèi)全部還考生,因?yàn)閺?fù)議成功表示原分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)判,ETS承擔(dān)責(zé)任及費(fèi)用口語老師建議的步將自己的回答,然后聽自己的問題在哪反復(fù),直到足夠流利,回答完整,自己滿E.g.三大類題目:絕對(duì)詞,對(duì)比型,隱藏all,3大類題目*每一類練習(xí)2篇=一共練習(xí)6篇文小馬機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)，小馬托福主講教1、托福閱讀和機(jī)經(jīng)的使用方2、寫作機(jī)經(jīng)使用建提前些好范文。就算不中標(biāo)，也畢竟是，鍛煉自己的寫作3更完整使用手冊(cè)：各科機(jī)經(jīng)使用方法/建議1110&1119191251231.25托福寫作點(diǎn)1231.25托?？谡Z點(diǎn)131&21130130報(bào) 河1月免費(fèi)點(diǎn)題課表+報(bào)App《小馬托?！稟PP掃《小馬批改》APP掃《小馬機(jī)經(jīng)》APP掃 App詳情 口口TaskWhichofthefollowingactivitieswouldyoudowithfriendsratherthanTakingaWatchinga ligence和highlymotivated現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生經(jīng)常homesick，有什么解決的辦法？(141227ChooseONEoftheformsofthetechnologyinthelistand lwhyithasgreatimpactonpeople'slivesinyourcountry?Airne,computeror UsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourWhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthemostimportantformaintaininggood ngexercises,eatinghealthyfood,orgoingtobedearly?Describeapresentyouhavegiventoothers.ExinwhyyouthinkitisYourfriendswanttochangehimorherdiethabit,whataresomesuggestionsthatyouwouldgive?WhatdoyouliketododuringyourspareWhatisyourfavoritecetoWhatisthemostimportantqualitytheteachershouldhave?你認(rèn)為作為老師最YouruniversityisnningtoallowstudentstowatchTVintheirsdormitories.Whatisyouropinion?WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTVindormitories?Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Describeapresentyouhavegiventoothers.ExinwhyyouthinkitisDescribeatimewhenyoulearnedanewSomepeoplethinkstudentsshouldstudyintheclassroomwhileothersbelievetheyshouldvisitthemuseumorthezoo.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Someschoolsrequirestudentstotakepartincommunityserviceactivitiesafterschool.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestactivityforstudents?1.ntingflowersinthecommunity2.ngclean--‐upsinthegarden3.recyclingWhatdoyouthinkweshoulddotodecreasetheusageofcarorothervehicleandsolvethetrafficproblems?Yourfriendoftenfeelsnervouswhenspeakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoyourfriendto ethisfear?Talkabouttwosingerswhoarepopularinyourcountry.Exinwhytheyarepopularandhowtheyaredifferent.Describehowschangepeople’slives.Pleasegiveyouranswerwithspecificexamplesanddetails.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostsignificantbenefitthatinternetbringstoourlife?Exinwhyyouthinkthisbenefitisimportant.Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.Talkaboutanimportantdecisionthatyouhavemade.Exinwhythisdecisionwasimportantforyouindetails。 I’dliketolearnmoreaboutismyteacherTonyforthefollowingFirst,itseemstomethatheknowsabouteverything.Hecananswerallofourquestions,math,science,liture,younameit.I’dliketofindoutwhatkindsofbookshereadssoIcanbeasknowledgeableashim.Second,he’sthefunniestguyIknow.He’salwayslingjokesinclass.Wenevergetboredbecausehegetsourfullattention.Lotsofthestorieshelsarefromhislife.IhopeIcanliveanamazinglifewhenIgrowup,justlikehim.TaskTaskWhengoingonvacations,somepeopleprefertogocamintents;othersprefertostayinhos.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Someofusliketolearnbyourselves.Othersliketotaketheopportunityandshareyourideaswithothers.Whatkindof areyouandwhy?Doyouprefertoliveinaresidencewheretherearestrictrules(suchasrulesagainstmakingloudnoisesatnight),ordoyouprefertoliveinaresidencewithoutstrictrules.Somepeoplethinkstudentsshouldstudyintheclassroomwhileothersbelievetheyshouldvisitthemuseumorthezoo.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thesuccessofaschoollargelydependsontheresourcesithassuchastextbooksandjournals.Doyoupreferajobwhichrequiresyoutocommunicationwithothers,ordoyoupreferajobwhereyouworkalone.Somepeoplepreferajobwhichdealswiththesametaskseveryday.Otherspreferajobwhichdealswithmanydifferenttasks.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Someonelikestocollectoldthings,someonethrowthingsawayaftertheyitWhat’syourpreference(141228Wouldyouliketomakefriendswiththesameinterestsortheonewithdifferentinterests?你同不同意找朋友要選擇有相同的的人？Agreeordisagreestudentsshoulddopart--‐timejobbeforeattendingcollege.有人認(rèn)為，在上大學(xué)之前應(yīng)該有workexperience，suchasngapart--‐timejob。你Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?Teachersshouldmaketheirlessonsfun.Doyouprefertodoajobwhichrequiresyoutotravelalot,orajobthatallowsyoutoworkatafixedlocation?Doyoupreferajobwhichrequiresyoutocommunicationwithothers,ordoyoupreferajobwhereyouworkalone.Somepeoplebelievethatitisbetterforsmallchildrentogrowupinasmalltown.Others,however,believethatit’sbetterforthemtogrowupinabigcity.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Whenyoutakeatripdoyouprefertojustlookaroundordoyouprefertotakepicturesandkeepajournal?(141228已考)Doyouprefertohavefastfoodinafast--‐foodrestaurant,ordoyoupreferhavefoodinotherkindsofSomepeopleprefertogotothesameceforavacation.Othersprefertogotodifferentcesandspendlesstimeateachce.Whichdoyouprefer?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:peoplelivehealthierlivesnowthantheydid100yearsago?Pleaseusespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatit'simportantforstudentstostudyArtandMusicinschool.Exinyouranswerindetails.Whiletraveling,somepeopleprefertogotonewces;othersprefertovisitfamiliarces.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Exinwhy.是否同意itisbettertobeamemberofateamthantobealeaderofaTaskTaskjazzband要在afternoon在校園的lawn開concertwoman不滿意因?yàn)閷W(xué)生要學(xué)習(xí)，會(huì)打擾，evening更好2閱讀內(nèi)容:學(xué)校要展開環(huán)境保護(hù)項(xiàng)目,提高學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí),現(xiàn)在的環(huán)境專業(yè)在讀學(xué)生才能參加。男學(xué)生不同意。1現(xiàn)在大部分學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)已經(jīng)非常強(qiáng)烈出門都會(huì)關(guān)燈,不存告示里說的環(huán)保意識(shí)薄弱的現(xiàn)象,學(xué)校的樣本數(shù)據(jù)太小。2:項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該向全體學(xué)生成員開放特3學(xué)生建議大學(xué)提供機(jī)會(huì)讓學(xué)生可以和校外的mentor交流,在校外的office里。不僅討論學(xué)生活動(dòng),并且對(duì)今后找工作有幫助。里這個(gè)提議。1.學(xué)生都太忙了,沒有時(shí)間到校外的office去和mentor交流,其實(shí)學(xué)校里就有一個(gè)studentcenter可以解決這些問題。2.可以問父母,academicadvisor和professor了解這些信息。太多人給信息反而讓學(xué)生confused。45加。:男學(xué)生不同意。6閱讀,學(xué)校希望學(xué)生報(bào)紙,兩種方法提高讀者數(shù)量,降價(jià)和。,女學(xué)生不1價(jià)格已經(jīng)很便宜了50分,價(jià)格沒什么影響。27【】:學(xué)生propose學(xué)校應(yīng)該新生在第一年開學(xué)之前,給他們futureroommate的contactinfo:地址和:好處1、可以讓新生們?cè)琰c(diǎn)互相認(rèn)識(shí),省的到時(shí)候開學(xué)沒人認(rèn)識(shí)。好處2、還可以n到時(shí)候帶去的東西,省下空間以免浪費(fèi)?！緦W(xué)生議論】:woman很贊成:第一點(diǎn)是能讓學(xué)生在進(jìn)學(xué)校之前就和自己的futureroommate聯(lián)系生提前和自己的futureroommate商量。因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的宿舍很小,如果帶了很多行李stuff學(xué)校要把concert舉辦到校外去,一來給學(xué)生多一些機(jī)會(huì)鍛煉,二來可以提高學(xué)校的reputation,引起schoolchild學(xué)音樂的。男的支持,因?yàn)橐粊憩F(xiàn)在每年只有一次的proposal:astudentsuggest館限制借書,最多借十本,因?yàn)?.大多數(shù)人一次借的太多,看不過來2.許多人借的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng),都丟了,這樣可以減少館每年丟書的數(shù)目。:1要給好幾個(gè)科目寫paper,喜歡用很多書,至少20本,而且所借的書都會(huì)看。2Aletterfromastudentsaysthattheuniversityshouldimposeonmonetarypenaltiesforpeoplewholitteroncampusforthefollowingtworeasons.First,itcanmakeuniversitycleaning.Second,theuniversitycangetlotofextramoney.Intheconversation,thewomansupportsthisnforthefollowingtworeasons.First,herhometownwasdirtyatfirstbutwhenhertownissuedsuch,thetownescleaner.Second,theuniversitycansavealotofmoneysinceitdoesnothavetopayemployeestocleanupthe文章:說要把一個(gè)oncampus劇院關(guān)掉,移到外面的一個(gè)地方,這樣的好處有:1.外面的劇院更大,就有的人去。2.外面的light和sound系統(tǒng)更好。:男生不同意,說1.太遠(yuǎn)了,不方面,不想去2.我們不是PROFETIONAL的,所以沒有受訓(xùn)練,去用更好SYSTEM也許還更差?！緦W(xué)校通知】:信里建議把mathbuilding的一層改成cafeteria。ConvertlargeemptyroominMathsbuildingintosmallcafeteria.Studentcaneatbetweenclasses2)installrechargeoutletsinnewcafeteriasostudentcanrechargetheirlaptops.【學(xué)生意見】:女的贊成,說好啊,現(xiàn)在吃飯的地方在studentcenter,離building好遠(yuǎn),上課間隙來來回回很趕,要是能在一層吃東西會(huì)朋友該多好,然后又說數(shù)學(xué)系的樓太舊了,cafeteria可以rechargelaptop這樣很方便,而且還可以在那干點(diǎn)別的事。(studentsalwaysuselaptopsduringclasses--‐allowsstudentstorecharge【學(xué)校通知】:校報(bào)登了封信,說要對(duì)學(xué)校大禮堂(ar)整修,首先要改進(jìn)音響系統(tǒng),然neissy【學(xué)生意見】:里同意。第一學(xué)校禮堂音響系統(tǒng)確實(shí)非常爛,她有時(shí)候自己組織讀work。第二,olnesystmsInthesetofmaterials,thereadingpartmentionedthattheschool’shallneedstoberenovated.Andtherearetwowaysofimproving.Oneistoimprovethestereosystem;andanotheroneistointroducetheonlineticketssystem.Thewomantotallyagreedwiththisproposal.First,fromherexperience,itisreallyagiantproblemforthestereosystem.Themicrophoneoftendoesn’tworkduringthepoemcompetition,whichgaveabadambianceforthem.Inaddition,shebelievestheonlinesystemshouldbeveryeffective,whichcaneasilysolvetheproblem.Thisisbecausethehallisquitefarfromtheclassroom,notconvenience.Andsometimesthequeuewasalsoquitelong.Reading—Announcement:theschoolisnningtoprohibitstudentsridebicyclesoncampusbecausetherecouldbeaccidents.Instead,theschoolwouldbusAttitude:Listening—Reason1Schoolwillremovethepostersontheconcretewalloutsidethestudentcenter.thebulletinboard.first，theconcretewallwouldbeboringwithoutthechangingposters.Differentposterscanshowdifferent second，noteverybodyeatinginthedininghall.Studentsmaychoosetoeatinthesnackbaroronthestreet.Sopostersinthedininghallwillnotbenoticedby【Proposal】StudentsshouldbeallowedtousecellphonesintheStudentscantalkwithalowervoiceandOccasionally,studentsneedtomakeemergencycalls.Thegirldisagrees.Itdoesn’tThelibraryshouldbequiet.Ifstudentstalkwithalowervoiceorwhisper,theycannotbeheard,sotheywouldhavetotalkloudlyandmakenoise,whichwillcausethedistractionstootherstudents.Ifstudentsgetemergencycalls,theycangoouttocheckmessages.Normally,urgentcallswillbedeliveredbymessages.19（141123已考TopicTheUniversityisnningtoinstallcomputersineverydormbuildingandwomanintheconversationsupportsthisn.First,theuniversitybelievesthatwithcomputersavailableineverydormbuilding,studentswillbeabletoreceiveandsendtheirassignmentsorstotheirprofessorsmoreefficiently.Butthere’sarulethateachstudentcouldonlyusecomputersnomorethan10mints,whensomeoneelseiswaiting.Thewomantotallyagreeswiththisnbecausefirstly,sometimessheforgetstocheckdirectionsonlinewhenshehasalreadywentoutthedorm.Soifthereisacomputerinthelobby,shedoesn’thavetogobacktothefloor.Secondly,limitingtheusingtimewillpreventstudentsfromtytheiressaysandoccupyingthesecomputersforalongtime.【個(gè)人倡議】一學(xué)生建議關(guān)閉coffeehouse.因?yàn)檫@個(gè)地方很少有人來不是一個(gè)聚會(huì)的好【學(xué)生態(tài)度】和男生討論這建議:理由1:很多學(xué)生白天有課,但晚上有時(shí)間經(jīng)常在coffeehouse聚會(huì),hangoutordosomereading.理由2:afterrenovation,這個(gè)地方NewspapertoPostOffcampusJobThenewspaperwillfeatureajoblistingoflocaloff--‐campus1stucominaboutshortageof2helpstufindjobsrelatedtotheirmajorsSheagrees.1.Whenshewasfreshmanshewenttomanyceslikeabookstoretoapplyforjob.Shedidnotgetone.Theoffersgivenbytheuniversityaretakentoofast.Itisveryfrustrating.Asafreshman,shewasnotfamiliarwiththearea.Shedidnotknowwheretogotofindajob2Herfriendwhomajoysinlawwantstoknowhowalawyerworks.Butsheworksinabookstorewhichisnotbeneficialforhercareerinthelongterm.Ifshecanfindajobasalawyer,shewillhavesthgoodonherresume.閱讀說大一學(xué)生需要得到幫助，學(xué)校會(huì)把小組改為20人， TaskTask1【】naturalconsequence閱讀講的小孩做錯(cuò)事,大人口語不用懲罰,由著做錯(cuò)事的一天女兒還是把玩具放在后院,教授沒有幫收拾,那天晚上下雨,把玩具損壞了,女兒在這anticipatedemotion。人們采取行動(dòng)之前會(huì)對(duì)自己做了這個(gè)事情之后會(huì)有一個(gè)怎樣的心情3一個(gè)物種吃海豹，其他的對(duì)海豹無害。而這種吃海豹的海獺發(fā)出的sound是單一的，overandoveragain.而其他的發(fā)出的則morecomplex，likemusic。所以海豹可以通過區(qū)別這個(gè)聲音來判斷是不是它們的predator。如果是的話就趕快runaway，如果不是就不會(huì)45 【教授舉例】教授說他曾經(jīng)參加一個(gè)會(huì),了,會(huì)議中他向chief提了個(gè)關(guān)于newcourse的問題,chief很生氣因?yàn)樵跁?huì)議開始時(shí)他這次會(huì)不討論這個(gè)問題,他認(rèn)為教授是故意忽略他的announcement,但教授其實(shí)是了沒聽見.6lecture很簡(jiǎn)單,就一個(gè)例子,教他3歲的女兒washhands,不要認(rèn)為,這就是oneaction,要分開教,5步,turnonthewater,wetthehands,putonsoap,washhands,turnoff7閱讀:講了生態(tài)學(xué)中的cyclicpopulationchange,說在一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(ecosystem)中,生物之間的數(shù)量(population)是互相影響的,捕食者(predator)和食者(prey)的數(shù)量有一個(gè)間互相影響。分三個(gè)階段:(1)preymice)多,predator食物充足,population增加;(2)prey少了,predator食物減少了,population減少;(3)predator少了,prey又開始多起來了,如此循環(huán),population平衡。教授說實(shí)際上第三階段就是第一階段,因?yàn)槭莄yclic,【】Closecommunicationbias是講你跟你很熟悉的人反而交流有,因?yàn)槟闼麄兘?jīng)常去意大利餐館吃飯。他決定和新來的教授和以前的教授一起去吃個(gè)飯。跟新來的 9【講座舉例】:例子是一個(gè)臨海的town不僅有美麗的海灘,還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是可以騎單車,所以這個(gè)town就用這個(gè)特點(diǎn)吸引一些喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)的游客,主打運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目牌。集中宣傳來這個(gè)town不僅可以欣賞美麗的海灘,還能打排球,騎單車,參加各種運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。這么做的結(jié)果就是吸引了很多active的年輕人,town里的旅館,飯店都蓬勃發(fā)展了。最后自然這個(gè)town:interestboosting:教學(xué)中常用的一種技巧(technique)的知識(shí)和學(xué)生現(xiàn)有聯(lián)系起來(connectedwithwhatthestudentsareinterestedin),學(xué)生就能學(xué)的更有效率。教授舉例:他老婆是學(xué)校里的老師,教化學(xué)的。有一次要講MarieCurie.但開始學(xué)生們都不感也不能集中精力,后來他老婆找到一個(gè)關(guān)于居里夫人的,說了一些發(fā)明和故事,而且里還有演員是很popular學(xué)生很喜歡的。所以很多對(duì)感的同學(xué)也就開始對(duì)居里夫人感,注意力很容易就集中了。問題:用教授的例子解釋什么是interestc開頭的feeding。兩種物種的共生關(guān)系。其中一種能從這種關(guān)系取得好處,另一個(gè)不受影響。給例子是給了一種鳥和cattle的例子。這種鳥吃一種昆蟲。這種鳥跟隨cattle。當(dāng)cattle吃草的時(shí)候鳥就容易找到那個(gè)昆蟲,cattle不受影響。Assimilation theywillfillitinthatcategory,thisis modation的我記不清了，Whenshesawabirdshewouldshout”:bird!Bird!“Sinceithaswingsandfeathersanditcanfly.Later,whentheprofessortookJennytothezooandsawostrich,shedidnotknowitwasabird.Theprofessoraskedher:“whatisit?"Shehesitatedtosay:“itisabird".教授女兒很小，當(dāng)看見有鳥飛的時(shí)候，讓小孩說BIRD，在腦子里，鳥的概念就是小的【講座舉例】一個(gè)想要research一個(gè)exercise可不可以緩解officeworker的疲勞。把一個(gè)building分成兩組，并告知做ex的那一組告訴不做的那一組。結(jié)果幾星期過去了，實(shí)驗(yàn)組的有人就跟對(duì)照組的人感嘆啊，說做了這個(gè)ex神清氣爽啊，結(jié)果對(duì)照組的人但是這個(gè)人很擅長(zhǎng)設(shè)計(jì)軟件，但是不擅長(zhǎng)管理，不能在deadline之前完成工作，不能Reading—TestCustomer:inordertoseewhetheremployee’sperformance,theemployermighthirea‘customer’thatmakespurchasesinthestorejustlikeregularcustomersdo,thenthehired‘customer’reportstotheemployerabouttheemployee’sperformance.Listening—一個(gè)餐廳的manager找一個(gè)人當(dāng)testcustomer，來測(cè)試員工的服務(wù)是否到Reading—Colorationwarning:Animalshavespecialcolororotherfeaturesthatsurprise/startlethepredators,sothenexttimewhenpredatorsseethem,theywouldn’tcomeclose.Listening—Skunk【臭鼬】Thepredatorofskunkiswolf.Whenwolvesapproach,theywouldemitauniquescenttodrivethewolvesaway.Skunkhasboldblackandwhitecolorationwhichmakestheirappearancememorable.Sothenexttimewhenwolvesseeskunk,theyknowtostayawayinordertoavoidbeingsprayedbytheConvergentevolutiontheprocessinwhichunrelatedanimal’sdevelopesimilartraits.Exampleusedwastheaawkward,apiglikeanimal,andechidna,asmallanimalinAfrica.Bothanimalseatthesameinsectswholivesincomplexlymudholes.Bothdevelopedlongstickytonguesthatcanbeusedtoeattheinsect.20（141123已考Learntransfer.b.Positivetransfer.教授分別舉例，Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)鋼琴，不看琴鍵，只看樂譜。后來到高中學(xué)習(xí)打字，只看屏幕，不看鍵盤。很Helpful.部分：Negativetransfer舉了教授朋友的例子。以前是舞臺(tái)劇演員，習(xí)慣了大聲念臺(tái)詞，后來做movieactor，不需要大聲了，但還總是大聲。此為negativetransfer.學(xué)transfer.教授分別舉例：Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)鋼琴，不看了教授朋友的例子。以前是舞臺(tái)劇演員，習(xí)慣了大聲念臺(tái)詞，后來做movieactor，不需要大聲了，但還總是大聲。此為negativetransfer?！尽?心理學(xué)。軌跡法(methodofloci)。借助軌跡法按順序image東西的方法。選的東西要vivid,更好記?！窘淌谂e例】:教授舉了個(gè)記namesofnets的例子。記namesofnets時(shí)可把每一個(gè)行星的名字當(dāng)作一個(gè)去studentcenter的標(biāo)志去:比如你要fromyourdormtostudentcenterThefirstthingyouseeisthefrontdoor,thenthetree,thenthestatusinfrontoflibrarythenthebuilding。再一一對(duì)應(yīng),比如tomemorizenamesofnetsinsolarsystem,makeMercuryasfrontdoor,Venusastreeetc。當(dāng)考試時(shí)你就dothesamething,用這些door,tree幫助自己回憶起names。TaskTask1 【1個(gè)問題】themancan'tfindhiscamerabeforehistriptoSpain.男生在springbreak要去西班牙玩,準(zhǔn)備拍照,但是數(shù)碼相機(jī)丟了【2個(gè)建議】hecaneitherbuyanewone,orborrowonefromhisfriendJake.讓他買,但是他說沒有enoughmoney,他自己說他朋友(貌似說了具體的名字)可以借給他,但是他不想用,說:對(duì),萬一broken或者stolen就不好了Intheconversation,themannsatriptoSpainduringthespringbreak,butunfortunay,hecan'tfindhiscamera.Heissoupsetbecausehecan'ttakepicturesthere.Thewomanofferstwopossiblesolutions.Oneistobuyanewone,andanotherchoiceistoborrowacameraformhisfriend.Thefirstchoiceseemsimpossiblebecausehecan'taffordanewcamera.Andhealsodoesn'twanttoborrowfromhisfriendthoughit'savailable.Thewomanagreeswithhim,becauseifthecameraisbrokenorstolen,itwillalsobeaproblem.Andifitweremychoice,Iwillchoosethelatterone.Iwouldliketotakepicturesverymuchduringmytrip,andnowthatIcan'taffordanewcamera,borrowingone esagoodalternative.Thoughitisattheriskofbeingbrokenorstolen,aslongaswearecarefulenough,itwon'tbeaproblem.34一個(gè)男生管借了筆記,約好了今天早上還回去,但是早上聯(lián)系不到,明天就要考試了,5【1個(gè)問題】男生的朋友給了他一張今天晚上去演唱會(huì)的門票,這個(gè)演唱會(huì)有他最喜歡的band的演出,但是男生有一個(gè)historypaperdue明天,所以有一個(gè)時(shí)間2個(gè)建議】他兩個(gè)選擇:1.去演唱會(huì),回家再寫paper,但是要熬通宵。2.不去演唱會(huì),把票給別人。(在結(jié)尾的時(shí)候男生提到這個(gè)演唱會(huì)X年一次,所以很可能沒有機(jī)會(huì)再次見到了)61、晚上向她室友借textbook，但室友也選了這門課，而且正在做，所以她只能等幾個(gè)小Brieflysummarizetheproblemandtwopossiblesolutions.Thenstatewhichsolutionyou mendandexinwhy.789man的roommate要搬到incampus,所以他要找一個(gè)新室友。倆solution,一個(gè)是前室友男生要打印東西,但是他要去學(xué)校和不方便,兩個(gè)方法,1從同學(xué)那買個(gè)二手的,但是比較容易壞,并且打印效果不好,2買新的,貴,但是男生還有兩年畢業(yè),可以買個(gè)新的也比較值【學(xué)生】找到了一個(gè)summerjob,并且在town找到了住房,不知道自己的宿舍怎么處理(女學(xué)生拿到了summerjob,但是希望summer后還能租住這個(gè)房子,其間怎么舍弄亂。2.兩邊房租都交,但下學(xué)期要買新電腦,如果兩邊都付了房租沒錢買電腦了。男生急著要完成藝術(shù)ppr,但必需要去um才能完成,而sm明天就要關(guān)門了,只給了兩個(gè)建議:(1)向負(fù)責(zé)paper的教授請(qǐng)求延遲交,男生說這樣教授會(huì)生氣的;(2)向今 開會(huì)可能。轉(zhuǎn)述男生的和方案,你的建議及理由。Problem:thewomanbrokeheranklewhileyingfootball,soshecannotridetoteachsomehighschoolstudents,andthereisnobuseither.Solution1:taxi-cash-expensive2:Askonefriendforaride-someoneoffersalready-owntofriend-longtimewaitingtook6classesthissemesterandshewasselectedtothewomen'sbasketballteam【解決方案】:自己說出方案1:toquitthebasketballteam,sinceittakestoomuchtime。男生說她gotintheteamafterseveraltimesofapplication,放棄了很shameful。男生說出方案2:todropsomeclasseswhicharenotsoimportant。反正也不是requiredclasses。但說goodscoresinextraclassesmaymakehercompetitivetoattendagraduateschool。有個(gè)男學(xué)生Sam負(fù)責(zé)在學(xué)校放,然后這星期他還請(qǐng)到了professor來介紹(在電影放映前)。但是professor臨時(shí)家里有急事就cancel了這個(gè)lecture。Sam自己就想了兩種解決辦法,一個(gè)是reschedule,但是怕好多學(xué)生臨時(shí)沒看到通知還是去了。另外一種是他自己準(zhǔn)備材料講,但是就會(huì)少了Q&A環(huán)節(jié),因?yàn)樗麤]辦法回答學(xué)生問題?！緦W(xué)生問題】gg碰到的問題:要在的newspaper上章,但是處理出現(xiàn)些問題【解決方法】mm推薦方法1,不要放上去。但是gg覺得這樣文章缺少。方Problem:Thewomanisattendingay,butshe’sbusywithherschoolwork,soshe’safraidthatattendingtheymightinfluenceheracademicperformance.Solution1:QuittheyComment:she’smajoringintheater,andsheisnotattendingtheyjustforfun,itsbeneficialforhercareerSolution2:Dropsomeoftherequiredclasses,takethemnextsemesterComment:shehastostartoverontheseclasses,it’salotoftroublethemanhasa ：hewantstoattendafilmdiscussionmeetingtomorrowbuthealsohastodinewithhiscousintomorrow.two1thewomandineswithcousinforthemanadvantage：Cousinwillknowmoredisadvantage：thecousinisshy，diningwiththewomanmaybe 2themanwillnotattendthemeeting.disadvantage：thefilmdiscussionmeetingisreally【Problem】ThemanintheconversationattendsaclubandtheywouldliketraveltoFrance,buthedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytopayfortheneHecanworkextratenhourseverydayattheHecansellhisguitartopayfortheticket.Hehasn’tbeenusinghisguitarforalongtime.23（141123已考TopicThewomanandherclubmemberswerenningtogoonanoutdooractivitybutthatcewasshutdownatthelastminuteduetosomeemergenciesandtheyalreadypaidthebusfeeswhicharenon--‐refundable.Inordertosolvethisproblem,theyhavetwosolutions:theycaneitherarrangethetriptothewaterfallsortothesciencemuseuminstead.IfIwereher,Iwouldchoosethesecondsolutionsfortworeasons.First,mostofthemembershavealreadybeentothewaterfall,soitmightbelessinterestingIftheygothereagain.What’smore,nninganewtriptothesciencemuseumwillmakepeoplefeelexcitedbecausetheexhibitionstherearefrequentlyupdated.【學(xué)生問題】的問題是:要做一個(gè)projectaboutfilmclass,今天要拍但是有雨,而且還兩個(gè)解決方案:1)可以轉(zhuǎn)向building用這里的scenes。2)可能明天拍,因?yàn)槊魈靪eatheringbetter,但是問題是明天她需要編輯,并要完成這個(gè)project,沒有時(shí)間。TaskTask【2種原因】(1)advanceintechnologyeg.betterprintingdevisesandfasterprintingprocess,sotheamountofnewspaperswasincreasing;(2)publishersbasedtheirfundmoreheavilyontheadvertisements,soitcostpeoplelessmoneytobuy3關(guān)于解決土壤鹽堿化的兩個(gè)solution。1,用pipe的salt帶回來。2.種植能在saltsoil生長(zhǎng)的植物。4對(duì)于Marketing,投資一般很大,小企業(yè)怎么辦?兩個(gè)方法:1,聚焦客戶群:比如社區(qū)修電腦的僅在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)報(bào)紙的科技版面登載;2,與大品牌聯(lián)合JointMarketing:比如還是修電腦的可以將放在社區(qū)最大電腦銷售商店的Leaflet上面一起推銷。5 房作為例子,前者是你如果要建先要花大筆錢買器具,之后才能賺錢;后者是如果已經(jīng)有了一6Protectingmethodofsomefishinthedeepseauselight:1toconfusethepredator---deepseashrimp:burstoutlightfromitsmouth,directlytothefacepredator,thenescape2tocovertheblackshadowofitself---hatchingfish(?不確定):constantlightinitsstomach,camouflagetheshadowmadebyitsbody,sothepredatorwon'tseeit.7關(guān)于comparativemarketing，在中對(duì)比自己競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的products，說自己的產(chǎn)品1、反而讓消費(fèi)者記住競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的名字（以softdrink為例，因?yàn)橹刑岬搅藢?duì)手名字，消費(fèi)者把這名字與tastegood聯(lián)系在一起）。8心理學(xué)中的reinment,分為positivereinment和negativereinment兩種,即增加能夠激發(fā)個(gè)人的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。教授具體舉了兩個(gè)能實(shí)現(xiàn)早起上班的例子。(1)positive(addthepleasure):早起自己好的food,這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種behavior2)negative(removetheunpleasantbehavior),不喜歡早上shower,那么可以改在晚上,這樣人也就不會(huì)那么討厭早起了。9（141213已考【講座大意】wildfire,盡管wildfire可以給動(dòng)物造成damage但是也可以帶來好處:1.能給動(dòng)物提供棲息地(shelterforthemselvesandyoung),提供了更好的survive的環(huán)境,比如給woodpecker,提供branch去居住(在燒過的樹洞里筑巢)。2.能給把舊的植物wipeout,給新的植物生長(zhǎng)帶來?xiàng)l件,比如給deer,新的植物更nutritious,greenanddelicious,whicharemoreattractivetodeer.告要在孩子們喜歡的電視的時(shí)間段,第二個(gè)好像是要和實(shí)際的產(chǎn)品結(jié)合。舉的例子似乎是他女兒和朋友們有個(gè)小玩具,然后最近要有關(guān)于這個(gè)玩具的上映了。【講座要點(diǎn)】動(dòng)物如何向同類傳遞信號(hào)(alarmsignal)。兩種信號(hào):1,call。舉個(gè)例子,鳥大叫,像哭一樣,其他成員聽到后,通知同伴捕食者就在附近。2,化學(xué)信號(hào)。魚(salmon)是通過身上皮膚破損后釋放味道之類的化學(xué)信號(hào)(chemicalsubstance)Twothingsancienthumanlearnedtokeepthefireburning.第一,technicalknowledge.發(fā)現(xiàn)木頭燒完后firedieout.偶然明白木頭是,要keepburning,就要addwood.這是Technicalunderstanding。第二,socialskills如果大家同時(shí)睡覺,火就Theprofessorintroducestwobenefitsoffloodingtofarming.First,itcarrieswithfinesoil.Forexample,whenwaterfloodedtothecorps,itbringswithsilts,whichisessentialforcorpstogrowsofarmerscanexpectgoodresults.Second,ithelpedwithirragtion.Forexample,farmerscancontroltheflowofwateranddirectittotheceswherewaterisneeded.人利用洪水有2方式。首先，水上升帶來肥沃的土，其次，用channelthewatertotheceswhichneedthewaterandusethewatertoirrigarionthoselandfarfromthe15（141206A卷已考children的socialskills是怎么培養(yǎng)的。1.3--‐4歲的時(shí)候雖然在一起玩,但是是做不同的事。比如用block玩的時(shí)候,有一個(gè)可能拼車,有的可能干其他的什么(忘了)。2.56歲的時(shí)候,孩子一起玩就是corporation了,比如玩block的時(shí)候,很多人交談,然后一起決定【講座】mechanismthatanimalusetosurvivefromwater【相關(guān)例子】oneisattainment,blackflylarva.thesecondisthickbody補(bǔ)充:兩種動(dòng)物,blackflylarva和splince(音譯)為什么可以在激流中保持不動(dòng),那個(gè)larva好象是因?yàn)閔and&hook,所以可以touchthebottomofriver.第二個(gè)好像身體里有一個(gè)Thelecturelsusaboutthemechanismthattheanimalusetosurvivefromwatercurrent.Theprofessorgivestwoexamples.Oneistheblackflylarvaandtheotherissplince.Theblackflylarvacanstayunderthewaterwithoutbeingflushawaybecauseits'handsandhooks'cantouchthebottomoftheriver.Thesplincehasaspecialphysicalstructurewhichenablesitholdtightunderthewater.觀點(diǎn)1：從lowangle拍顯得比較powerful例子1：QueenofEngland中的queen就采用lowangle拍攝觀點(diǎn)2：從highangle拍顯得角色比較powerless例子2：拍一個(gè)沙漠中的，如果俯拍就顯得他觀點(diǎn)1：我們?cè)谥皩?duì)它們有所了解1：classicalmusicconcert，多；但是學(xué)習(xí)過音樂的人卻可以記住其中的觀點(diǎn)2：例子2：在大教室中上課，人們更容易記住特別的人，比如 productrepackaging:twoconditionscompanieswoulddosothefirstconditionisinresponsetonewtechnologyormaterialavailableforpackagingtheexampleusedwasmilkbottlesfromglasstosticmoredurableandcheap.Secondconditionisinresponsetocompetitionfromcompetitors.Exampleusedwasmilkagain.it'scompetitorssellingjuicesnteastartedtosellinsmallernmoreportablesizesitchangeditsproductsintosmallerandmoreportablesizestorespondtocompetitormarketchange.21（141123已考Loonbirdshavetwotypesoffeathertoprotecttheminthecoldwater,theyarewaterbirdsliveincoldclimateinnorthAmerica,1st,counterfeit(的東西),featherwhichistheouterlayerofthebirds’body.Thistypeoffeatherkeepsthebirdsdry,itispackedtightlyandoilywhichkeepthewatergoingintothebody.2ndtype,isdownfeather,whichkeepsthebirdwarm.Itisdenseandthickandismakeofsoftfluffymaterial.Soitpreventstheheatloosingforthebody.【講課要點(diǎn)】:biologyclass。深海魚類fishcanmakeelectriccurrentandtheycanbenefitfromitin2ways:用途1、用電流capture小魚,從而獲得food。舉例:eelcanproducestrongtoshockandparalyzesmallfish,andtheneatit用途2、用電流自衛(wèi)、逃避。舉例:一種叫做knifefish的魚。這種魚利用其身體產(chǎn)生的electriccurrentfield去explorethedarkenvironment。Ifthereisarocknearbytheit,thecurrentfieldwillchange.Sotheknifefishcansenseitandavoidingcrashingintotherock。harshenvironment說了具體名稱，但是都是擬音的，所以忘記了。S1,針對(duì)highwind，就長(zhǎng)得矮一點(diǎn)，只高過地面幾公分，避免high--‐wind的damage。S2針對(duì)lackofwater,特殊的葉子可關(guān)于weeds是不是useful，當(dāng)然是的，有兩個(gè)理由，一個(gè)是holdthesoil拿coffee舉例，coffee產(chǎn)地大多多雨，weeds保護(hù)他們不會(huì)washaway；第二是防止不會(huì)被animal，11講congestionpricing。說為了緩解交通擁堵，想要在city中的某個(gè)區(qū)域，這樣就這樣做可以improvetime(可以改善環(huán)境improvethatarea's收的fee可以用于revennuethecity可以再修路，修會(huì)多。所以不是整個(gè)city都能環(huán)境變好（二）nt很多（三）warm（三）warmclimateisactuallyadisadvantage,becausetheyneededtocool大公司上班有太多bureaucracy，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的idea大公司最近幾年不提供extrabenefits，比如退休金，更低的醫(yī)療。自己開公司extrabenefits5（141213考lionfish閱讀：lionfish從洋擴(kuò)展到太平洋了閱讀中有三種方法來解決這種魚破壞珊瑚礁（coralreef）人工捕捉它們來protectcoralreef人工捕捉無法區(qū)分lionfish和其他魚，很多稀有的魚也都在coralreef，會(huì)減少其他引進(jìn)市場(chǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致有人人工養(yǎng)殖。lionfish會(huì)從fishfarm逃離（escape），這就造成了更嚴(yán)重的invasive問題3教授說有些lionfish的，吃了以后會(huì)造成vomiting，3教授說有些lionfish文章是講的關(guān)于Harappancivilizationdecline的原因的三個(gè)假說。第一個(gè)是當(dāng)時(shí)H文明的地盤很大游牧民族雖然打了他幾個(gè)地區(qū)但是還不至于導(dǎo)致他第二個(gè)是同時(shí)期的埃及文明和另一種文明同樣了氣候變化但是都調(diào)整了農(nóng)業(yè)有surplus的food。所以H也不可能因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓鴇ecline講英國(guó)的名兒在這一個(gè)poem的title下面叫什么P.文章就開猜了,有三種可能性【11JohnMassey，因?yàn)榱鱾飨聛淼乃麄兊淖髌返摹?】第2個(gè)是Hugh，因?yàn)镠的其中一首poem描寫的region和書中一手叫什么騎士Knight的描寫的地方一樣【3】第3種猜測(cè)是那四首詩(shī)是一個(gè)collection，PearlPoet【反駁【1】第一個(gè)理由，過去的作品都是靠copy的，原版被reproduce很多次。所以人們看到的可能只是同一個(gè)人手抄copyoriginal的書，不能表明作者相同；會(huì)有不同口音dialect，所以那種修辭在不同口音的情況下是不同的；【3】像詞語vocabulary不可能有很多人collection都有這些unique的特性。bee200millionyears化石結(jié)構(gòu)可能不是bee的。speaker反駁1，沒有化石是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候沒樹，無法preservebee不是一定要feedon花的，也可以是pinetree什么的。通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以斷定化石那就是bee的。Thereadingmaterialcastsdoubtsontheviewthatbeesexisted200millionyearsago.However,thelisteningmaterialdisputestheideaspresentedinthereadingwithseveralarguments.Accordingtothepassage,beescouldnothavebeeninexistence200millionyearsagobecausetherearenotanyfossilsofbeesfromthattime.Incontrast,thelecturearguesthatfossilscouldnotformatthetimebecausetherewerenotreeswhichpreservefossils.Whatismore,theauthormaintainsthattherewereneitherflowersnorfoodforbees200millionyearsago.Nevertheless,theprofessorholdsthatbeesdonothavetofeedonflowersbecausetheycanfeedonpinetreesorotherthings.Finally,thereadingemphasizesthatthosefossilsmaynotbeofbees.Onthecontrary,thelisteningassertsthatthosefossilsareofbeesbecausethechemicalsubstanceofthefossilshasalreadybeentested.（153）Anasazi文明突然vanished，估計(jì)是干旱drought【1】全球變暖，該文明消逝前后的正值一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的全球變暖，帶來嚴(yán)重干旱，導(dǎo)致文【2】文明前，Anasazi人已經(jīng)規(guī)模的修建水利公事，但估計(jì)最后是這些公事沒能保證足夠的水源，使得Anasazi人無法應(yīng)對(duì)突如其來的旱災(zāi)，家園?！?】Anasazi的文明消逝的非常突然withnonotice,并且inashorttime,說明不是一般的文明的原因。教授說，關(guān)于Anasazi的文明突然消逝的原因很多，但至今沒有定【1】全球變暖說。文明的1800AD前后是有一次大變暖，但考古發(fā)現(xiàn)Anasazi原住這一說法也不成立。（這一點(diǎn)沒聽好）【3】文明突然消逝，可能是由其他原因造成的。比如和war.有一種理論認(rèn)為，另一個(gè)強(qiáng)大但缺水的部落civilization為了爭(zhēng)奪水源和Anazia人打仗，迫使后sealeveldecline造成coastlivingcoolclimate,主要是火山活動(dòng)造成的SO2asteroidstrikes,產(chǎn)生的