2022年職稱英語理工B類完形填空考前練習(xí)題二

2022職稱英語理工B類完形填空考前練習(xí)題二AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.

Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean“optical1,“saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.

Lighthaselectricandmagneticcomponents.Untilnow,scientiststhoughtthe2ofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbeignored.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnotconductelectricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthan3expected.4thesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrengthequivalenttoastrongelectriceffect.

“Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,“Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the5goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower6.“Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof“opticalrectification4,“saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudent5inappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling7ofthepositiveandnegativecharges6inamaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto8inabattery.

RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrough7a9thatdoesnot10electricity,suchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn’tthisintenseonitsown,butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities,Fishersaid.

“Inourmostrecentpaper,weshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmostas.11inproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis,“Fishersaid.

Thisnew12couldmakesolarpowercheaper,theresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyin13solarpowertouseableenergy.That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells.

“Tomanufacture14solarcells,youhavetodoextensivesemiconductorprocessing,“Fishersaid.“Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor15.It’salreadymadeinbulk10,anditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.“

詞匯：

opticaladj.光學(xué)的

incoherentadj.非相干的

capacitiveadj.電容(量)的

semiconductorn.半導(dǎo)體

rectificationn.改正，修正

ceramicsn.陶瓷

解釋：

1.UniversityofMichigan：密歇根大學(xué)。建校于1817年，是美國名列前茅的公立大學(xué)，擁有優(yōu)良的師資和頂尖的商學(xué)院、法學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院和工學(xué)院。

2.heatload：熱負荷

3.magneticmoment：磁矩

4.opticalrectification：光學(xué)校正

5.doctoralstudent：博士生

6.positiveandnegativecharges：正電荷與負電荷

7.shonethrough：shone是shine的過去式。shinethrough是“(光)通過“。

8.anintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter：每平方厘米一千萬瓦特的強度

9.incoherentlight：非相干光

10.It’salreadymadeinbulk：它(指玻璃)已大量生產(chǎn)。inbulk是“大量，成批“。

練習(xí)：

1.AmicroscopeBinstrumentCfiberDbattery

2.AmodificationsBeffectsCapplicationsDresults

3.AfrequentlyBprivatelyCpreviouslyDformally

4.AUnderBAtCOnDOver

5.AlightBelectricityCchemicalDmagnetism

6.AplantBequipmentCsourceDline

7.AdownBupCtogetherDapart

8.AthisBthatCthoseDit

9.AmaterialBlensCmeterDdetector

10.AproduceBconveyCuseDconduct

11.AremoteBpoorCeffectiveDrare

12.AprototypeBskillCtechniqueDmiracle

13.AconvertingBobtainingCdeliveringDtransmitting

14.AcompactBmodernCdurableDhandy

15.AothersBsomeCallDboth

答案與題解：

1.D第一段說密歇根大學(xué)發(fā)覺，光所產(chǎn)生的巨大磁效應(yīng)有望用于太陽能發(fā)電，從而取代傳統(tǒng)的半導(dǎo)體太陽能電池。因此此題的正確選項應(yīng)當(dāng)是battery。opticalbattery是“光電池“。

opticalmicroscope(光學(xué)顯微鏡)、opticalinstrument(光學(xué)儀器)或opticalfiber(光纖)與第一段的意思沒有聯(lián)系。

2.B選擇此題的答案的依據(jù)還是要回到第一段。第一段第一句的起始詞語是“Adramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflight“。本篇文章中心議題是用magneticeffectoflight開發(fā)新型的太陽能電池。而以前的科學(xué)家認為magneticeffectoflight太微弱，不值得去關(guān)注它。因此，此題選effects與上下文的意思很連貫。

3.C本句的意思是：當(dāng)光通過一種絕緣材料時，光場產(chǎn)生的磁效應(yīng)比以前想象的要強一億倍。previously