心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語

心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語第一頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph2Questions:1.whatismemory?2.whichrealmdidmemorybelongtointhelate19thandearly20thcentury?3.whatiscognitiveneuroscience?ThedefinitionofMemory:Memoryisanorganism’sabilitytostore,retain,andsubsequentlyretrieveinformation.Cognitivepsychologistsstudymemoryasatypeofinformationprocessing.第二頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph3:themainstagesofmemory

Questions:whatarethemainstagesintheformationandretrivalofmemory?andexplainthem.Threemainstages:

Encoding:processinginformationintomemoryStorage:acreationofapermanentrecordoftheencodedinformationRetrieval:aprocessthatreliesonthecuesandstimulifromtheenvironment.encodingstorageretrievalorrecall第三頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Classificationofmemory1、explicitmemory(外顯記憶):involvingconsciouseffort

implicitmemory(內(nèi)隱記憶)：unconsciousmemory第四頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六2、declarativememory（陳述性記憶）:memoryforfacts

proceduralmemory（程序性記憶）:memoryforhowtoperformskills3、sensorymemory（感覺記憶）

short-termmemory（短時記憶）

long-termmemory（長時記憶）第五頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph5:sensorymemoryQuestions:1.whatissensorymemory?2.Thedurationoficonicmemoryandechoicmemory.Definition:sensorymemoryreferstotheinitial,momentaryrecordingofinformationinoursensorysystems.Sensorymemorysystemshavelargecapacitybutveryshortduration.

Twomaintypes:1.iconicmemory（映像記憶）:momentarilypreservesthevisualworld.2.echoicmemory（回聲記憶）:holdsauditorystimuli第六頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六第七頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph6:short-termmemoryQuestions:1.whatisshort-termmemory?2.howcanweincreasethememorycapacity?Definition:Short-termmemory(STM)hasalimitedcapacityandlastsonlybrieflywithoutrehearsal.MaintenancerehearsalcanextendthepresenceofmaterialinSTMindefinitely.

短時記憶容量有限，在不復(fù)述的情況下，保存時間很短。保持復(fù)述可以在一定程度上延長短時記憶材料的保留。

STMcapacitycanbeincreasedbychunkingunrelateditemsintomeaningfulgroups.

可以通過把無意義的項目加以組塊，構(gòu)成有意義的族群，從而增加短時記憶的容量。第八頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph7long-termmemoryQuestions:whatislong-termmemory?Definition:

Long-termmemroycanstoremuchlargerquantitiesofinformationforpotentiallyunlimitedduration(sometimesawholelifespan).Long-termmemoryencodesinformationsemantically.第九頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph8-9:forgettingQuestions:1.whatfunctiondoseforgettinghave?2.whatisthecharacteristicofEbbinghausforgettingcurve?EbbinghausforgettingcurveForgettingoccurredrelativelyrapidlyatfirstandthenseemedtoleveloffovertime.MakeasumIfEbbinghaustook12trialstolearnalistand9trialstorelearnitseveraldayslater,hissavingscoreforthatelapsedtimewouldbe%?第十頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Paragraph10-12:

memoryDisordersQuestions:Explainthefunctionalamnesiaandorganicamnesia?Functionalamnesia(功能性遺忘)：memorydisordersthatseemtoresultfrompsychologicaltrauma,notaninjurytothebrain.Organicamnesia（器質(zhì)性遺忘):anytraumaticforgettingthatisproducedbyspecificbraindamage.第十一頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六TheinformationprocessingmodelInformationfromenvironmentSensorymemoryforgottentransferredShort-termmemorytransferredretrievedLong-termmemoryrehearsedforgotten第十二頁，共十四頁，編輯于2023年，星期六Keywords記憶—memory感覺記憶—sensorymemory短時記憶—short-termmemory長時記憶—long-termmemroy陳述性記憶—declarativememory程序性記憶—proceduralmemory外顯記憶—explicitmemory內(nèi)隱記憶—implicitmemory映像記憶—iconicmemory回聲記憶—echoicmemory遺忘癥—amnesia組塊—chunking概念