2022年6月四級真題及答案5

2022年6月四級真題及答案5Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld”sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopu

lationgrowthbutmorebyaccidentthatdesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.

Brazil”spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99％ayearbetween1951and

1960to1.93％ayearbetween1981and2022年,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince2022年,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.

Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas(通俗電視連續(xù)劇)andin

stalment(分期付款)plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld”sbiggestproduc-

eersofsoapoperas.Globl,Brazil”smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.

“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamissagetowardstheproblemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvaluesnotmanychildren,differentattitudestowardssex,womenworking,“saysMartine.“TheysentthisimagetoallpartsofBrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviourandothervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage.“

Meanwhile,theinstalmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers.

“Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsandconsumptionwasincompati-

ble(不相容的)withunlimitedreproduction.“saysMartine.

31.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhascutbackitspopulationgrowth_______.

A)byeducatingitscitizens

B)bycarefulfamilypanning

C)bydevelopingTVprogrammes

D)bychance

32.Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries_______.

A)haven”tattachedmuchimportancetobirthcontrol

B)wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrate

C)haven”tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulation

D)neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning

33.Thephrase“putsitdownto“(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“_______“

A)attributesitto

B)sumsitupas

C)findsitareasonfor

D)comparesitto

34.SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil”sbirthratebecause_______.

A)theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTV

B)theyhavegraduallychangedpeople”swayoflife

C)peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackage

D)theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures

35.WhatisMartine”sconclusionaboutBrazil”spopulationgrowth?

A)Theincreaseinbirthratewillpromoteconsumption.

B)Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstor