考研核心含長(zhǎng)難句分析及應(yīng)用講義英語語法

PAGE10第一部分：考研語法導(dǎo)(一)(二)——(三)三、考研應(yīng)用（預(yù)告篇第二部分：考研語法講(一)(二(三123非謂語動(dòng)詞(一)(二(三考點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)充：it／as(一)(二)第一部分：考研語法導(dǎo)一、考研語法考什么？ 二、考研語法講解（預(yù)告篇(一)句子的結(jié) 最的簡(jiǎn)單句：N.+多個(gè)句子的連接（多件事）——并列句／復(fù)合句句子連接的？ 例：WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnof20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarⅡ,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.(2010Text1)(二句子的省略非謂語動(dòng)Heislyinginbed,whileheisreadingabook.Heislyinginbed, abook.Awomanwhowaswearingablackcoataskedmethewaytothenearesthospital.Awoman ablackcoataskedmethewaytothenearesthospital.例：Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.(2011Text3)(三)句子的補(bǔ)例：ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.(2011Text1)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.(2010年翻譯)Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008年翻譯)考點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)充：it三、考研應(yīng)用（預(yù)告篇例：Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.(2011Text3)Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.(2011Text3)例：...whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalinligence.”(1992年翻譯)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.(2010年翻譯)Formerlytoopictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,delight.(2008年翻譯)第二部分：考研語法講一、句子的結(jié)(一簡(jiǎn)單句的構(gòu)成：N.+V.（一主一謂）簡(jiǎn)單句的部分？ 的分YesterdaymorningIwenttotheMostboysinmyclasslikedyingSomeschoolsgivetheirstudentsalongsummerWatchingfunmoviesallowsmetotakeabreakfrommybusyComputers everyusefultoolsinmodern簡(jiǎn)單句的分類應(yīng)用Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserverhehadnopowerofreasoning.(2008年翻譯)Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.(2006Text3)HehasWehavestudiedEnglishfortenTheyhavetriedtohelphimhundredsof例：Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaveedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.(2006Text2)Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.(2006Text3)ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.(2011Text1)過去完成時(shí)vs.Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008年翻譯)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/hasbeen例：Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’s.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.(2003Text1)過去將來時(shí)(woulddowas/weregoingto謂語動(dòng)詞－語態(tài)的變化：語1)語態(tài)跟時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合be+例：Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicin disciplineinEuropeanuniversities.(2007年翻譯)例：Ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcan esensitivetoitwhenexposedtoitoftenenough.(2005年完形填 Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience,butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.(2009年翻譯)例：Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.(2011年閱讀Text3)Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthega,baby-sizeholesintheirlives.(2011年閱讀Text4)Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthega,baby-sizeholesintheirlives.(2011年閱讀Text4)(二 連接起來表示順接：andbothandnotonly...,but...aswell/butalso.../but表示轉(zhuǎn)折:but;yetstillwhile;表示選擇:...oreitherorneithernor表示因果:...for原因so結(jié)果例：Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.(2011年閱讀Text3)例：Intheformercasetheeducationis al;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.(2009年翻譯)例：...noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailersfromtryingtheirhandforthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.(2012年閱讀)IamateacherandIlikeEnglish.IamateacherandlikeIamlyinginbedandIamreadingabook.Iamlyinginbedandreadingabook.IwanttoleaveandIwanttogoabroad.Iwanttoleaveandtogoabroad.練習(xí)劃出并列的成分（平行結(jié)構(gòu)Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.(2011Text2)Tobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.(2011Text1)AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromTunes.(2011Text1)Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.(2011Text2)例：Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.(2011年閱讀Text3)(三1名詞性一個(gè) 作 + I IwillhelpYounevertold youhaddonetomyTheydon’tknow theywillfinishtheworkon知道什么時(shí)候會(huì)出發(fā)Iwonder wewillset你能告訴我什么時(shí)候會(huì)出發(fā)嗎?Canyoulme Idon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishthework.Noonelsmewhenyouwillfinishthework.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherAreyoupositive(that)you’veneverseenthatman表語從句：一個(gè) 作 ，位 后Myconcernisthatpeopledon’tcareaboutothers.Thequestionremainswhetherpeoplewillbuyit. 作 同 ，不能用1Whetherwewillgocamdependsonthe2句尾(Itdependsontheweatherwhetherwewillgocam一個(gè) 作 ，解釋說 名詞后（例如：factidea,news,dreamsuggestionadvice,report...）同 IhavenodoubtthathewillhelpIsupporttheargumentthattheproblemsofschoolbusesmustbetakenWritinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008年翻譯)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.(2010年翻譯)It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“ILoveMyChildrenIHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter.2011年閱讀Text4)Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,buthebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.(2008年翻譯)(三2定語從一個(gè) 作 關(guān)系詞如何選擇？取決于 AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromTunes.(2011Text1)Ihaveaclass beginsat8:00Thelawyer mybrothercalleddidn’tanswertheMydaughteraskedmeaquestion Icouldn’tThepeople satinthestadiumcheeredforthehomeLeoisthestudent bikewasAustraliaisoneofthefewcountries peopledriveontheSundayistheday peopleusuallydon’tgotoIsthereanyparticularreason youcan’tIlostthebook 我弄丟了上周從館借的書Thewoman wasfeeding我在公園看見的那位正在喂鴿子WelikeProfessorLee 我們喜歡，他的講座非常Thebus isusuallyvery天上學(xué)坐的那輛車總是很擁擠Ican’tremembertheday Imetyourfriendwhoisstayingin Imetyourmotherwhoisstayingin HecamefromBeijing isthecapitalofHecamefromacity isinthenorthofThisisBillGates manypeopleknowhimastherichestThisisthebusinessman wearecooperatingThewillgetbacktoyouinthreedays,whichisoneofthetypicalWithintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.(2011Text2)Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.(2011Text3)Thisisthejobwhich/that/XIhavedreamedofforyears.ThisisthejobofwhichIhavedreamedforyears.Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.（2003年翻譯例：WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe--evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLi ture.（2000年閱讀Text3）Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespearebuttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.（2006Text2）Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.（2006年翻譯）whereby＝bywhich/throughThedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyinlectualsearntheirliving.（2006年翻譯）Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.（2003TextAsalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressivethereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.（2005年閱讀Text4）Itcanbepredictedhowever,thatfromtimetotime,questionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.（1996年翻譯）例：Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreinligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.（2008）Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.(2011Text3)(三復(fù)合句3狀語一個(gè) 作 Iwilllhimthenews,whenhecomeshome + Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgofora Iwilllethimknow,whenhecomeshomeThebosswillreviewyourworkaftershewillreturnfromvacationnextI’llgiveyouacallonmycellphoneassoonasmynewillIdon’tlikemycurrentjob,butI’mgoingtostaywiththis untilIwillfindsomethingbetter.Ifitwon’tbecoldtomorrow,we’llgototheIfitwillbecoldtomorrow,wewillgotoa二、句子的省略——非謂語動(dòng)還 Heislyinginbed,whileheisreadingabook.Heislyinginbed, abook.AwomanwhowaswearingablackcoataskedmethewaytothenearestAwoman ablackcoataskedmethewaytothenearest 叫做 ,表示 Talkingwithyouisalwaysapleasure.Heiskeenontakingphotographs.SomeboyslikeyingPassingnescanbeheardnightandTheteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhis 叫做 ,表示 HeboughtausedTheteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyfiveto 叫做 ,表示 Ihavealotof todo.Iamcomingtoseeyou.Toseeisto注意 ng,done,todo單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)才是非謂語動(dòng)詞（Iingam一起出現(xiàn)，是謂語動(dòng)詞。例：Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.(2011Text3)Unitedwestanddividedwefall.2005年翻譯Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.(2011年Text2)Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga 2011年閱讀Text2)Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008年翻譯)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichernshisactivity.(2006年翻譯)Findingwaystoassistthisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas increasinglydifficult.(2006年完型)三、句子的補(bǔ)(一)成分的補(bǔ) 定語的位置？前置定語／后置定語（指的是放在 常用的作定語的有6種: , , , , , 5種 , , , , （注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)逗號(hào),破折號(hào),冒號(hào);或標(biāo)志詞forexample,suchasnamely等例：ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.(2011Text1)去掉補(bǔ)充的成分，句子的部分是:ThedecisionhasbeentheOnebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.(2010年翻譯)Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008年翻譯)Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”(2011TextEvenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcansuddenly sensitivetoitwhenexposedtoitoftenenough.(2005年完型)Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects2009年Text2)This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.(2004Text2)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.(2012)Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theinlectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld’sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.(2009年翻譯)(二)句式的補(bǔ)

倒裝 全部倒裝：地點(diǎn)狀語位于Herecomesthe例：AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsshinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivatein ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.(2003年閱讀Text1)部分倒裝only+狀語／狀語從句位于句首WecanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Hehadnosoonergotaninvitationthanherefused.Nosoonerhadhegotaninvitationthanherefused.Ifyouhadwonthegame,youwouldhavehadthechancetogoabroad.Hadyouwonthegame,youwouldhavehadthechancetogoabroad.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.(2008Text4)However,onlyinrecentyearshasit eafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(2007年翻譯)Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.(2012年閱讀新題型)Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.(1998Text4)ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.(2012年Text2)例：Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyusibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics.(1998年翻譯)Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.(2009Text3)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.(2009年翻譯)AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportanceattachedtoinlectualpursuits."(2009Text4) Itis...that Itis+要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that句子余下的部分.IwanttogotoAmericathisItisAmericathatIwanttogotothisItisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehearthemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersofthecommunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthesakeofabenefit,realorfancied,toitself.(2010年翻例：Itistheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.(2006Text2)It’saninctivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.(2004Text1)(三)考點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)itItwouldbewisetonactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers.(2003年完型)“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.(2011Text2)Theexnationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsitinefficienttokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcancreatenewreceptorsifnecessary.(2005年完形填空)Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthe’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.(2005Text2)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.(2009年翻譯)Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.(2011Text2)as例： lectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege.(2004年閱讀Text例：Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself- ysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.(2001年閱讀Text3)asStratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespearebuttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.（2006Text2）Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonethinglivingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.(2006年翻譯)asasAstheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.(2011Text2)例：AstheInternet esmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.(2001年閱讀Text2)asFromcardealershipstoGapoutletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.(2004Text3)asNewformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.(1996年翻譯as evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurop