名校2023版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練含答案kh

名校2023版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練含答案Agemaybejustanumber,butit’sanumberthatoftencarriesunwantedsideeffects,fromfragilebonesandweakermusclestoincreasedrisksofheartdiseaseandcancer.Now,scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafelyandeffectively

reverse

theagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresettingtheircellstomoreyouthfulstates.Aslivingcreaturesage,itisnotjusttheiroutwardappearancesandhealththatchange;everycellintheirbodiescarriesamolecularclock(分子鐘)thatrecordsthepassageoftime.CellsfromolderpeopleoranimalshavedifferentpatternsofchemicalsalongtheirDNA,calledepigeneticmarkers(表觀遺傳標(biāo)志物),comparedtoyoungerpeopleoranimals.Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules—alsoknownas“Yamanakafactors”—tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.Thisapproachishowresearcherscandialbackadultcells,developmentallyspeaking,intostemcells(干細(xì)胞).Inthenewstudy,IzpisuaBelmonte,aprofessorinSalk’sGeneExpressionLaboratory,andhiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsastheyaged.ThefirstgroupofmicereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15monthsolduntil22months,approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroupwastreatedfrom12through22months,approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroupwastreatedforjustonemonthatage25months,similartoage80inhumans.“Whatwereallywantedtoestablishwasthatusingthisapproachforalongertimeissafe,”saysBelmonte.“Indeed,wedidnotseeanynegativeeffectsonthehealth,behaviororbodyweightoftheseanimals.”Comparedtocontrolanimals,therewerenobloodcellchangesinthemicethathadreceivedtheYamanakafactors.Moreover,theteamfoundnocancersinanyofthegroupsofanimals.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reverse”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Maintain.B.Start.C.Change.D.Quicken.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheYamanakafactors?A.Theyconsistoffourreprogrammingmolecules.B.Theycanturnepigeneticmarkersintostemcells.C.Theyhavebeenappliedtolowertheriskofheartdisease.D.TheywerediscoveredbyIzpisuaBelmonteandhiscolleagues.14.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepurposeofthestudy.B.Theprocedureofthestudy.C.Thebackgroundofthestudy.D.Thesignificanceofthestudy.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toreporttheresultofacancerstudy.BTointroduceacureforagingdiseases.C.Toinformabreakthroughingeneresearch.D.Toexplaintheprocessofkeepingmiceyoung.CABCAnEdinburghinventorhascreatedafullybiodegradablebottlethatismadefrompaperandasecretcombinationofplantmaterials,anditcouldhelpsavetheplanet'soceansfromplasticpollutionandcanalsobeeatenbyseacreatures.TheEdinburgh-basedDurhamUniversitychemistrygraduateJamesLongcroftstartedanon-profitbottledwatercompanytwoyearsago.HewantedtoputallhisprofitsintoacharitythatprovidedcleandrinkingwatertocountriesinAfrica.However,afterconcernsabouttheenvironmentalimpactofplasticbottles,Mr.LongcroftdecidedtheEdinburghandLondon-basedcompany,ChooseWater,shouldgoplastic-free.Sohecameupwithanewtypeofwaterbottle—awaterproofpaperbottle.“Theoutsideismadefromrecycledpaper,buttheinsidehastobewaterproof,andprovidesstrengthsothebottlewouldkeepitsstructure,andkeepthewaterfresh,"Mr.Longcroftsaid.Whenthebottleisthrownintheoceanthedegradingprocessbeginswithinhoursleavingthebottletotallydegraded（分解）withinweeks.Thesteelcapbreaksdownwithinayear.Mr.Longcroftnowbelievesthesenovelbottlescouldrevolutionisetheindustryandsaysthecostofproducingthebottleisaround5pencemorethanonemadefromsingle-useplastic.“Themaindifficultywefaceisbreakingintoasaturated（飽和的）marketandcompetingwithanoldindustry,hesaid."Changinganindustrywillbeabiguphillbattle,butwiththesupportfromthepublic,wewillchangethewaywelookatbottledwater.”Researcherswarnthateightmilliontonnesofplasticscurrentlyfindtheirwayintotheoceaneveryyearwhichwillstayintheenvironmentforcenturies."Wereallywanttogetourbottlesonshelvesandintopeople'shandsassoonaspossible——ifwecanstopevenoneplasticbottleendingupintheenvironmentitwillbeworthit,“saidMrLongcroft.12.

Whatisspecialaboutthebottle?A.Itcanberecycled.B.Itisplastic-free.C.Itpurifiesseawater.D.Itcanbeusedforfood.13.WhatdoesJamesLongcroftexpectfromthenewbottles?A.Toraisemoneyforcharity.BTokeepthewaterfreshC.Toreduceoceanpollution.D.Topromptthesaleofbottledwater.14.What'sthemainchallengeaboutthenewbottles?A.Theyfacestiffcompetitiontoentermarket.B,Theyaremorecostlythanplasticones.C.Theystilllackinthepublicsupport.D.Theyt