西藏拉薩市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題（A）Word版含解析

英語(yǔ)（A）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whyisthewomansad?A.Tomwillleaveforcollege.B.Tomwillmisstheholiday.C.Tomwilltakehisvehicleback.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Upset.B.Surprised.C.Confident.3.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Catchaplane.B.Orderthemanataxi.C.Lookforsomethingfortheman.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atacafé.B.Attheoffice.C.Ataball.5.Whatdoesthegirlmean?A.Herparentswanthertochoosepopmusic.B.Herparentsoftenmakefunofher.C.Herparentslikeloudmusicfromthe1920’s.第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題1.5分；滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whywon’tthemanbepayingthebill?A.Thetreatmentisfree.B.Theinjuryhappenedatwork.C.Itiscoveredbythemedicalinsurance.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Managerandemployee.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whichseasondoesthewomanlikebest?A.Winter.B.Summer.C.Autumn.9.Whydoesthemandislikedrivingintherain?A.Theroadsarecrowded.B.Thelightsaretoobright.C.Thetiresneedtobereplaced.10.Whendidthewomanprobablyusehertrucktohelptheman?A.Duringthewinter.B.Duringthesummer.C.Duringtheautumn.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoesthewoman’sEnglishteachercomefrom?A.TheUnitedKingdom.B.Australia.C.America.12.Whatisthewomanhavingproblemswith?A.Readingandwriting.B.Listeningcomprehension.C.Pronunciationandgrammar.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Askanotherteacherforhelp.B.LearnfromtheInternet.C.WatchsomeTVshows.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whenwasthelasttimethemousedeerwasseen?A.About10yearsago.B.About30yearsago.C.About100yearsago.15.Whodidthemanspeaktoaboutthemousedeer?A.AnNguyen.B.BarneyLong.C.AndrewTilker.16.Whyareresearchersstillworriedaboutthemousedeerprobably?A.Itspopulationissmall.B.Ithasbeenlosttoolong.C.Itsenvironmentisbeingdamaged.17.Whatdoesthemandoforaliving?A.Heresearchesanimals.B.Hehelpsotherstravel.C.Heinterviewscandidates.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Atwhatagedomostpeoplebeginsmokingaccordingtothetalk?A.About15.B.About25.C.About44.19.Whatwastheadvertisementlawtryingtodo?A.Makepeoplerefusetheadvertisementsoncigarettes.B.Makeiteasiertosellcigarettes.C.Makefewerpeoplebeginusingcigarettes.20.Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?A.Thoughtsonsmokinghavechanged.B.Recentstudiesarestillbeingexamined.C.Youngpeoplearemorelikelytosmoke.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHaveyoueverexperiencedanyinconveniencecausedbylanguagebarrierswhiletravelling?Haveyoueverthoughthowawesomethoselanguagecourseswouldbeiftheydidn'tcostsomuchmoneyandrequiresomuchtime?Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!WhatisTranslaty?Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages,whetheryou'reinabusinessmeetingwithaninternationalclientorsunbathingsomewhereonaSpanishbeach.Thissmallbutingeniousdeviceisabletoinstantlyrecognizeandtranslateover40differentlanguages,makingIinterculturalcommunicationcompletelyeffortless!WhatlanguagescanIactuallycommunicatein?Translatyhasmorethan40languagespre-installed,soyou'reabletouseittheminuteyougetit!Itprovidesfastandaccuratetwo-waycommunicationandallowsyoutoinstallsomeotherlanguagesthatyoumightbemissing.WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?*Makestravellingeasier-forgetlanguagebarriersandbecome“fluent”in40+languages.*Helpsinbusiness-strengtheningyourinternationalbusinessrelationships.It'seasywhenyouspeakthesamelanguage.*Assistsindailylife-allowingyoutoovercomelanguagedifferenceswithyourforeignfriends.*Convenientandeasytouse-lightweightandsimpledesign'ensuresit'stherewhenyouneeditthemost.*Offers100%accurate,two-waytranslations.*Highsoundandrecordingqualityensuretherearenomisunderstandings.Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!1.TranslatycanhelpusersA.betterunderstandforeigners B.learnforeignlanguageswellC.spendlessinlearningalanguage D.buildrelationshipswithcolleagues2.WhatisspecialaboutTranslaty?A.It'sreliable. B.It'senormous.C.It'ssecure. D.It'sinfluential.3.What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.Todeclare. B.Toadvertise.C.Todemonstrate. D.Tocriticize.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】這是一則廣告。文章介紹Translaty的功能以及帶來(lái)的好處?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WhatisTranslaty?中Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages“翻譯學(xué)是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單卻能改變生活的發(fā)明，它能幫助你克服外語(yǔ)帶來(lái)的任何障礙”?？芍g學(xué)可以幫助用戶(hù)更好地理解外國(guó)人。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?中的Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!“總而言之——趁你還能拿的時(shí)候去拿吧!”由此可知，翻譯學(xué)的特別之處是“它是值得信賴(lài)的”。故選A?！?題詳解】目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段中Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!“翻譯學(xué)就是為這個(gè)目的而生的——不用浪費(fèi)你的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間在語(yǔ)言課程上，有了這個(gè)天才的工具，你可以立刻“流利”地說(shuō)40多種語(yǔ)言!”由此可知，這篇文章的目的是為了登廣告。故選B。BFororAgainst?—ThatIstheQuestionAndyisthemostunreasonableandhemakesmesoangrythatIcouldevenscreamsometimes!Ofcourse,Isortofhavetolovehimbecauseheismytwinbrother.AndyandAmy（thatisme）havethesamecurlyhairanddarkeyesandareequallystubborn.Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.Justthisweekinourschool,therewasaheateddiscussiononwhethertoadoptaschooldresscode.Everystudentwouldberequiredtowearauniform.Theteachersaredivided:Someareinfavoroftheuniformswhileothersareopposed.Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.Ithinkadresscodeisagoodidea.Thereasonissimple.ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.Andyisshockedatmyopinion.Lastnight,heevendraggedoutmyparents'highschoolphotoalbumstoshowmehowbrillianttheylookedwithoutuniforms!Healsodeclared,"BruceSpringsteenneverworeaschooluniform.BobDylanwouldn'thavebeencaughtdeadinaschooluniform!Besides,whenIamfeelingpolitical,Iwanttobeabletowearclothesmadeofnatural,undyedfibers,sewnorassembledincountriesthatdonotpollutetheenvironmentorexploitchildlabor.IfIhavetowearauniform,Iwon'tfeellikeme!"TothatIreplied,"Soyourpersonalheroesdidn'twearschooluniforms.Buttheywenttohighschoolaboutamillionyearsago!IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform."Thatreallymadehimangryandheshouted,"You'rejustcopyingwhatyouhearthatnewmusicteachersayingbecauseyouarecrazyabouthim!"Fortunately,thebellrangbeforewecoulddoeachotherphysicalharm,andwewenttoourseparateclasses.Thevotefororagainstuniformstookplacelaterthatday.Theresultsofthevoteandtheprincipal'sdecisionwillbeannouncednextweek.Iwonderwhatitwillbe.IknowhowIvoted,andI'mprettysureIknowhowAndyvoted.Howwouldyouvote---fororagainst?4.AmyandAndyoftengetangrywitheachotherbecause______.A.they'rebothstubborn B.theylikedifferentteachersC.theyalwaysholddifferentviews D.theydon'tlikeeachotherverymuch5.Amyholdstheideathat______.A.schoolclothingshouldreflectparents'valuesB.teenagersshouldneverfollowthelatestclothingfashionC.thewayonedressesshouldbeanexpressionofone'spersonalityD.wearingschooluniformsmeansonemakeslessdecisioneverymorning6.Whowilldecidewhetherthestudentsshouldwearuniforms?A.Theprincipal. B.Theirparents.C.Theirteachers. D.Studentsthemselves.7.InParagraph5,Amyaimstosaythat______.A.Andyshouldn'tlookuptohisheroessomuchB.ourclothesshoulddecidepeople'sattitudestowardsusC.Andy'slackofself-confidenceisreflectedinhisclothingD.ourclothesshouldn'tdeterminehowwefeelaboutourselves【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，Andy和Amy雖是雙胞胎，但他們?cè)谠S多問(wèn)題上通常采取相反的立場(chǎng)，例如在是否采用校服規(guī)定的問(wèn)題上有爭(zhēng)執(zhí)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.”（然而，在大多數(shù)問(wèn)題上，我們通常采取相反的立場(chǎng)。），可知他們經(jīng)?；ハ嗌鷼馐且?yàn)樗麄兛偸浅钟胁煌挠^點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中“ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.”（我早上第一件事做決定的時(shí)間越少越好。我無(wú)法告訴你有多少個(gè)早晨我在衣櫥里看了看，卻無(wú)法決定該穿什么。），可推斷出Andy認(rèn)為穿校服意味著一個(gè)人每天早上做的決定更少。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.”（校長(zhǎng)要求學(xué)生們?cè)谧鞒鰶Q定前就這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行表決，以表達(dá)他們的意見(jiàn)。但她對(duì)著裝要求有最終決定權(quán)。），可知校長(zhǎng)決定學(xué)生們是否應(yīng)該穿校服。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第五段中的“IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform.”（我為你感到遺憾，因?yàn)槲也恢滥愕淖晕胰绱舜嗳?，以至于?huì)被制服徹底摧毀。），可推斷出Amy想告訴Andy，我們穿的校服并不應(yīng)該決定我們對(duì)自己的看法。故選D項(xiàng)。CThereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.Inanobservationalstudy,whichhasnotyetbeenpeer-reviewed,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed,"accordingtoleadauthorAnyaTopiwala,aseniorclinicalresearcheratOxford.“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter,“Topiwalasaidviaemail."Brainvolumereduceswithageandmoreseverelywithdementia(癡呆癥).Smallerbrainvolumealsopredictsworseperformanceonmemorytesting,“sheexplained."Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”Theteamalsoinvestigatedwhethercertaindrinkingpatterns,beveragetypesandotherhealthconditionsmadeadifferencetotheimpactofalcoholonbrainhealth.Theyfoundthattherewasno"safe"levelofdrinking-meaningthatconsuminganyamountofalcoholwasworsethannotdrinkingit.Theyalsofoundnoevidencethatthetypeofdrink—suchaswine,spiritsorbeer—affectedtheharmdonetothebrain.However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressure,obesityorbinge-drinking,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.Therisksofalcoholhavelongbeenknown：Previousstudieshavefoundthatthere'snoamountofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforyouroverallhealth.Alcoholwastheleadingriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeathinmenandwomenbetweentheagesof15and49worldwidein2016,accountingfornearlyonein10deaths,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetin2018.“Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatheavydrinkingisbadforbrainhealth,"SadieBoniface,headofresearchattheUK'sInstituteofAlcoholStudies,saidviaemail."Wealsoshouldn'tforgetalcoholaffectsallpartsofthebodyandtherearemultiplehealthrisks.”8.Whatisthefunctionofgraymatter?A.Controlthemountofalcohol B.ProcessinformationC.Scanthebrain D.Predicttheperformanceonmemory9.WhichisNOTtrueinthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothestudy?A.Drinkingalcoholisworsethannotdrinking.B.Withpeoplegettingolder,brainvolumereduces.C.Alcoholwasthemajorriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeath.D.Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.10.Whichisoneofthe"modifiable"riskfactors?A.Smoking B.Aging C.Death D.Disease11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Themountofalcoholisnotrelatedtopeople'shealth.B.Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.C.Peopledrinkingalcoholleadtodementia.D.Theresagreatdealofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforhealth.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述新的研究表明，無(wú)論你喝的是什么酒，無(wú)論喝多喝少，都會(huì)對(duì)大腦造成危害?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed".(研究人員指出，飲酒對(duì)大腦中的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域有影響，這些區(qū)域構(gòu)成了“處理信息的重要部位”。)”可知，大腦灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的功能是處理信息。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝得越多，灰質(zhì)的體積就越小。)”可知，喝酒越多，灰質(zhì)的體積就越小。但文章并沒(méi)有證據(jù)說(shuō)明D項(xiàng)所描述的“Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝酒越少，大腦灰質(zhì)的體積就越大。)”，所以不能就此推出喝酒越少，大腦灰質(zhì)的體積就越大。所以D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”(她說(shuō)：“雖然酒精對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的影響很小，但它比其他可調(diào)節(jié)的‘風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素’的影響更大?！彼忉屨f(shuō)，可改變的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素是你可以做些什么，而不是衰老?！?”可知，“可調(diào)節(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素”指的是可控的因素，是相對(duì)于不可控的衰老而言。A.Smoking吸煙；B.Aging衰老；C.Death死亡；D.Disease疾病。所以只有A項(xiàng)“吸煙”是人能控制的因素，其他三項(xiàng)都是不可控因素。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，沒(méi)有所謂的“安全”飲酒水平，飲酒量的增加與大腦健康狀況的惡化有關(guān)。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，無(wú)論你喝的是什么酒，無(wú)論喝多喝少，都會(huì)對(duì)大腦造成危害。B項(xiàng)“Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.(喝酒對(duì)大腦健康有害。)”概括文章主旨。故選B項(xiàng)。DNostalgia(懷舊)hasbecomeincreasinglycommoninourcurrentclimateofaccelerated,unexpectedchange.MoreandmoreAmericansareturningbackwithlongingtowhatfeelslikesimpler,sweetertimes.Theycollectcassettetapes,manualtypewritersevendecades-oldvideogames.Isitamistaketogettooobsessedwiththepast?Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxietydepression,insomniaetc.Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.Theysuggestithelpsstrengthenoursenseofidentityandmakesusfeelmoreoptimisticandinspired.Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.Interestingly,thosehappymemoriescanbeparticularlybeneficialbothtokidsintheirteensandtosociety'selders.Recallingourchildhoodremindsusof“thetimeswhenwewereacceptedandlovedunconditionally,"saysKrystineBatcho,apsychologist."Thatissuchapowerfullycomfortingphenomenon,knowingthattherewasatimeinlifewhenwedidn'thavetoearnourlove."Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.Let'snotforgetthatnostalgiahasbeenasourceofinspirationtoinnumerableAmericanwriters.MarkTwainrecalledhisboyhood,writing,"afteralltheseyears,Icanpicturethatoldtimetomyselfnow,justasitwasthen：Thewhitetowndrowsinginthesunshineofasummer'smorning."Sogoahead,daydreamalittleaboutyourbestchildhoodfriend,yourfirstcar,along-gonefamilypct.AsDr.Sedikidessays，"Nostalgiaisabsolutelycentraltohumanexperience."Butatthesametime,keepthesewordsofwisdomfromthegreatinventorCharlesKetteringinmindaswell："Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime."12.Whatdidsomepsychologistsinparagraph2probablyagree?A.Nostalgiawillcausesomementalproblems.B.Nostalgiamakesusdevotedtothegoodolddays.C.Nostalgiashowsyouaretryingtogetridofloneliness.D.Nostalgiahelpsuscopewiththedifficulttimewearegoingthrough.13.Therearemanybenefitsofnostalgiaexcept________A.Itcanenableustoknowourselvesbetter.B.Itcanbringussomecomfortwhenwerecall.C.Wearelikelytogainattentionifwerecallthehappychildhood.D.Wecansometimesbreakawayfromnegativitywithhappymemories.14.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thebadinfluenceoftoomuchdevotiontonostalgia.B.Thereasonswhyweshouldavoidnostalgia.C.Thebadmemoriesthatalwaysstickaroundyou.D.Thegreatchangesnostalgiawillbringtoyou.15.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Weallhaveasoftspotfornostalgia.B.Nostalgiaisactuallygoodforyou.C.Don'tbecarriedawaybynostalgia.D.Therearemanytimeswhenweliketorecall.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了懷舊的好處?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxiety,depression,insomniaetc.”(一些心理學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，對(duì)所謂美好的過(guò)去過(guò)于投入是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的逃避；它可以表示孤獨(dú)，也可以表示一個(gè)人現(xiàn)在很難應(yīng)付。心理學(xué)家StephanieCoontz認(rèn)為，懷舊會(huì)分散我們對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，導(dǎo)致焦慮、抑郁、失眠等。)可知，第二段中的一些心理學(xué)家可能同意懷舊會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些心理問(wèn)題的說(shuō)法。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.”(它也是一種自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的工具，記憶是一種心理免疫反應(yīng)，當(dāng)你想從消極中解脫出來(lái)時(shí)，它就會(huì)被觸發(fā)。)可知，懷舊是一種自我發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我了解的工具，并且我們可以用快樂(lè)的回憶來(lái)擺脫消極。因此選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)D是懷舊的好處。根據(jù)第三段第七句“Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.”(懷舊可以把最平凡的過(guò)去變成傳奇，溫暖人心和身體。)可知，當(dāng)我們回憶時(shí)，它可以給我們帶來(lái)一些安慰，所以選項(xiàng)B是懷舊的好處。選項(xiàng)C（如果我們回憶起快樂(lè)的童年，我們很可能會(huì)引起注意）在文中沒(méi)有提及。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime.”(如果你總是想著昨天，就不會(huì)有一個(gè)更好的明天。)可知，下面一段將會(huì)討論過(guò)分沉溺于懷舊的不良影響。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.”(但新的研究表明，適度的懷舊不僅無(wú)害，而且實(shí)際上是有益的。)可知，文章主要是講懷舊的好處。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AliisfromaMiddleEasterncountry.HenowstaysintheUSA.Hesmokesalotofcigaretteseveryday.Hehassmokedfornineyears.Alisays,“Itriedtoquitsmokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.Myparentssmoke.Mybrotherssmoke.Allmyfriendssmoke.Atpartiesandatmeetings,almostallthemensmoke.HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.___16___”ManysmokersarelikeAli:theywanttostopsmoking.___17___Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.Butitisdifficultforthemtogiveupsmokingbecausecigaretteshaveadruginthem.Thedrugisnicotine.Peoplewhosmokealotneednicotine.___18___Thenicotinemakeshimsick.Inafewdays,thesmoker’sbodyisusedtothenicotine,andhefeelsfine.Later,thesmokerneedsnicotinetokeepfeelingfine.Withoutnicotine,hefeelsbad.___19___Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.Atapartyoratworktheywilldecidetosmoke“justone”cigarette.Thentheywillsmokeanothercigarette,andanother.Soontheybecomesmokersagain___20___.A.Itisveryhardtoquitsmoking.B.Itwillbeeasiertochangethesmokinghabithere.C.Thusnicotinemakessmokersaddictedtocigarettes.D.Thesmokersknowthatsmokingisbadfortheirhealth.E.Whenapersonfirstbeginstosmoke,heusuallyfeelsterrible.F.Maybethereisonlyoneeasywaytoquitsmoking:neverstart.G.Butitissaidthatmedicineisneededtostopthemfromsmoking.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.A20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了吸煙的人成癮的原因以及吸煙的害處。香煙里有一種叫作尼古丁的毒。許多人剛開(kāi)始吸煙，感到難受，過(guò)了一些日子他們就習(xí)慣了尼古丁。然后離不開(kāi)它了。吸煙容易引起癌癥和心臟病。但是戒煙很難，很多人戒了煙不久有吸起來(lái)了【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文Itriedtoquit(放棄)smokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.和HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.可知Ali因?yàn)榧亦l(xiāng)的人都吸煙，所以戒煙是不可能的，比較一下，在美國(guó)，吸煙的人沒(méi)那么多，因此可以推測(cè)此處要在這里改變吸煙的習(xí)慣比較容易，故B選項(xiàng)“在這里改變吸煙的習(xí)慣比較容易”切題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.可知吸煙的人知道他們知道它會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥和心臟病。所以選項(xiàng)承接上文。故D選項(xiàng)“吸煙者知道吸煙對(duì)他們的健康有害”切題。故選D項(xiàng)【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文Thenicotinemakeshimsick尼古丁讓他們感覺(jué)很難受。所以選項(xiàng)承接下文。故E選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人第一次開(kāi)始吸煙時(shí)，他通常感覺(jué)很糟糕”切題。故選E【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.可知戒了煙的人不久很快又開(kāi)始吸煙，因此選項(xiàng)要說(shuō)戒煙很難。故A選項(xiàng)“戒煙很難”切題。故選A【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文Soontheybecomesmokersagain.可知他們有成為煙民，沒(méi)有有效的戒煙方法，因此說(shuō)，最好的方法就是一開(kāi)始就不吸煙。故F選項(xiàng)“也許戒煙只有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法:開(kāi)始就不吸煙”切題。故選F第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）Mymotheris92.UnlessIhavetobeoutoftown,eachweekItakemymothertodoher___21___andvisitthedoctor,providing___22___andtransportation.Duringtheweek,however,shelikestogotoanearbystoreto___23___somesmallthingssheneeds.Lastweekshewalkeduptothestore,butwhenshewenttopayforhergroceries,shewas___24___aboutthreedollars.Theonly___25___topayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe___26___shecoulddowithout:abottleofrubbingalcohol（醫(yī)用酒精）andabarofsoup.Bytakingofthese,shewasableto___27___thenewtotaltotheamountofcashshehadwithher.Atthisstore,people___28___andthengoofftothesideto___29___theirowngroceries.Mymotherwasputtinghergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhena___30___cameuptoherandsaid,"Herearethethingsthatyou___31___."handinghertherubbingalcoholandthe___32___.Mymother,whoisneverspeechless,wasspeechless.She___33___forthewoman'snameandaddresssothatshecould___34___her.Thewomantoldheritwasher___35___.Mymotherwasso___36___byhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier（收銀員）afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand___37___thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn'thaveenough___38___foralloftheirgroceries.So,whoeveryouare,thankyoufortherandomactof___39___thatnotonlyhelpedmymotherout,but___40___too.21.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping22.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter23.A.return B.collet C.order D.buy24.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned25.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason26.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses27.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch28.A.showup B.callin C.checkout D.sitdown29.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag30.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor31.A.lookedfor B.talkedabout C.threwaway D.putback32.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle33.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched34.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help35.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn36.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced37.A.incase B.evenif C.asthough D.sothat38.A.energy B.money C.space D.time39.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor40.A.madeherday B.changedhermind C.caughthereye D.metherdemand【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.A25.B26.B27.C28.C29.D30.A31.D32.B33.A34.A35.C36.C37.A38.B39.C40.A【解析】【詳解】【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了在商店購(gòu)物時(shí)，作者的母親帶的錢(qián)不夠，不得不將一些東西又放回去。一位陌生女人為作者母親買(mǎi)下了這些東西。陌生人的行為感動(dòng)了作者的母親，她決定將這份善意傳遞下去?！拘☆}1詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每周，我?guī)赣H去購(gòu)物，看醫(yī)生。exercise鍛煉；housework家務(wù)活；cooking烹飪；shopping購(gòu)物。根據(jù)上文中的“Mymotheris92”和下一句中的“gotoanearbystore”可知，作者母親年紀(jì)大，每周作者帶著母親去“購(gòu)物”。故選D?！拘☆}2詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每周，我都帶母親去購(gòu)物，看醫(yī)生，提供陪伴和交通工具。reward報(bào)酬，酬謝；medicine藥；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇護(hù)。根據(jù)前文“Mymotheris92…Itakemymothertodohershoppingandvisitthedoctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年紀(jì)的母親去購(gòu)物，看醫(yī)生。故選C。【小題3詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，在這一周里，母親喜歡去附近的一個(gè)商店買(mǎi)她需要的一些小東西。return返回；collect收集；order訂購(gòu)；buy買(mǎi)。根據(jù)下文中的“smallthingssheneeds”可知，作者母親去一家附近的商店去“買(mǎi)”她所需要的一些小東西。故選D?！拘☆}4詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她去付款的時(shí)候，她缺了大約3美元。short缺少的；cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；wrong錯(cuò)誤的；concerned關(guān)心的。根據(jù)下文中的“Theonlywaytopayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe39shecoulddowithout…”可知，作者的母親想要支付這些東西的唯一方式就是把可以不買(mǎi)的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母親帶的現(xiàn)金不夠。故選A?！拘☆}5詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：支付這些東西的唯一“方式”把可以不買(mǎi)的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。aim目標(biāo)；way方法，方式；advice建議；reason原因。結(jié)合上題解析可知，作者的母親帶的現(xiàn)金不夠，所以把可以不買(mǎi)的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下是她能夠支付這些東西的唯一“方式”。故選B?！拘☆}6詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：支付這些東西的唯一“方式”把可以不買(mǎi)的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。weight重量；things東西；mask口罩；glasses眼鏡。根據(jù)下文中的“abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap”可知，醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂是作者母親暫時(shí)可以不買(mǎi)的“東西”。故選B?！拘☆}7詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)拿掉這些東西，她最終能夠使現(xiàn)在的商品總值達(dá)到了她所帶的現(xiàn)金金額范圍。raise提高；add添加；bring使……處于某種狀況，使……到某地；switch轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)上文可知，母親拿掉了一些東西才能夠使得現(xiàn)在的商品總值達(dá)到了她所帶的現(xiàn)金金額。bringsth.tosth.表示“使……處于某種狀況”，符合語(yǔ)境。該處指“使商品總值達(dá)到母親所帶金額范圍之內(nèi)”。故選C?！拘☆}8詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去把他們買(mǎi)的東西裝到袋子里。showup出現(xiàn)，露面；callin叫……來(lái)，拜訪；checkout結(jié)賬離開(kāi)；sitdown坐下。根據(jù)空后的“thengoofftotheside”可知，在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去。故選C?！拘☆}9詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去把他們買(mǎi)的東西裝到袋子里。store貯藏；select挑選；deliver遞送；bag把……裝進(jìn)袋子。根據(jù)下一句中的“puttinghergroceriesintoshoppingbags”可知，在這間店里，人們結(jié)完賬之后，然后走到一邊，將所購(gòu)之物裝進(jìn)購(gòu)物袋。故選D?！拘☆}10詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的母親正在把買(mǎi)的東西放進(jìn)袋子里，這時(shí)候突然一個(gè)陌生人走過(guò)來(lái)，說(shuō)……。stranger陌生人；cashier收銀員；friend朋友；doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文中的“She___forthewoman’snameandaddress”可知，這個(gè)女人對(duì)作者的母親而言是個(gè)陌生人，所以作者母親要她的姓名和地址。故選A?！拘☆}11詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這是你放回去的東西。lookfor尋找；talkabout談?wù)?；throwaway扔掉；putback放回。根據(jù)上一段的“…takeoffthe___shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，由于缺大約3美元，作者母親將醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂拿出來(lái)，放回到貨架上。故選D?！拘☆}12詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：…遞給她醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂。receipt收據(jù)；soap肥皂；cash現(xiàn)金；bottle瓶子。根據(jù)上文中的“…takeoffthe41shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，作者母親放回去的有醫(yī)用酒精和一塊肥皂?，F(xiàn)在陌生人幫作者母親又把這些東西買(mǎi)了下來(lái)。故選B?！拘☆}13詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她要這個(gè)女人的姓名和地址。ask詢(xún)問(wèn)；wait等待；care在乎；search搜索。根據(jù)上文可知，陌生女人幫助了作者母親，所以作者母親想要對(duì)方的姓名和住址以便報(bào)答對(duì)方的幫助。故選A?！拘☆}14詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她要這個(gè)女人的姓名和地址以便她可以報(bào)答她。repay報(bào)答；trust信任；recognize認(rèn)出；help幫助。根據(jù)上文可知，陌生女人幫助了作者母親，所以作者母親詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的姓名和住址，這樣就可以報(bào)答對(duì)方了。故選A?！拘☆}15詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)女人告訴她這是她的禮物。luck運(yùn)氣；chance機(jī)會(huì)；gift禮物；turn（依次輪到的）機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)下一句中的“Shewasso___byhergesturethat…”可知，這個(gè)女人并沒(méi)有告訴作者母親她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母親的報(bào)答。所以這是她給母親的“禮物”。故選