中英文土的物理性質(zhì)目標(biāo)

PAGEPAGE17專(zhuān)業(yè):結(jié)構(gòu)工程姓名:學(xué)號(hào):PhysicalFeaturesandIndexesofSoil1.BasicPhysicalIndexesNaturesoilisaverycomplexphysicalsystem.Soilsareaggregatescomposedofanassemblageofthemostdiversegranularmineralparticles,humusororganicmatter,andvariousinorganicchemicalcompounds.Thephysicalmake-upofamineralsoilistermedforitsmechanicalcomposition.Asaparticulatesystem,anelementofsoilisinherently“multiphase”.Fig.1showsatypicalelementofsoilcontainingthreedistinctphases:solid(mineralparticles),gas,andliquid(usuallywater).Inthefigurethephaseshavebeenseparatedonefromtheothersinordertofacilitatethedevelopmentofthephaserelationships.Thephasesaredimensionedwithmassesontheleftsideandvolumesontherightsideofthesketch.Inthefigure,mrepresentsthemassofthesoilgrain,vexpressesvolume.Subscripts,w,aandvrepresentthesoilgrain,water,airandporespacerespectively.Sorepresentsthemassofthesoilgrainandexpressesthevolumeofporespaceetc.Themostusefulrelationshipsbetweenphasemassesarewatercontent,densityandspecificgravity.Theseindexesmustbeobtainedbytest.Atthesametime,thereareotherimportantrelationshipsofvolumesuchasvoidratio,porosity,anddegreeofsaturation.Theseindexesarenamedindirectindexes.Detaileddefinitionsoftheseindexesareshoweninthefollowing:1.1BulkdensityofsoilandunitweightBulkdensityofsoilsdefinedbythemassoftheunitvolume.Itssymbolisandunitis(or).Itcanbeexpressedasfollows:(1-1)Toclay,bulkdensityismeasuredbycuttingringmethod.Theunitweightofsoilistheratioofthetotalweighttothetotalvolume.Itcanbeexpressedbyanditsunitis.(1-2)whereW=weightofsoil,unitforweightisKNg=accelerationofgravity.1.2SpecificgravityofsoilparticleThetermspecificgravityappliestothesolidphaseofthesoilonly,i.e.,tothesoilparticlematerial(soilsolids),andnottothecompositesoil.Thelattercontains,besidessolids,theliquidphaseandthegaseousphase(e.g.,air).豐繭The衰sp技eci毛fic村gr計(jì)avi摔ty編of沉soi撈lp盆art蠟icl顫es畜is莖th當(dāng)er鉤ati為oo劃ft清hei耳rd質(zhì)ens杯ity妨to酷t(yī)h礎(chǔ)at難of落wat蕉er澤(at侮+攻).緒The與de東nsi序ty努of潮the亭so盯il活par博tic窩les喇is濫th蝴eir判ma深ss禮per束un賓it貝vol配ume著of木th首ep模art度icl巾es.慚Th診ed按ens俱ity再of敗wa油ter鑼at療+忽is撓1.爬0.回Th代ere夠for咱e,則spe福cif吧ic脾gra穩(wěn)vit事yi餐sc芬alc捕ula突ted榆as徒fo競(jìng)llo灶ws:聽(tīng)洲(例1-3雕)披汪or部厚咸顧長(zhǎng)萍(1本-4)俯Whe礙re務(wù)執(zhí)=疑蛇de慌nsi勺ty組of播the仰so品il厘par立tic輩les勤=殲d亮ens塔ity琴of穴pu穩(wěn)re襲wat用er罩at固+柔=博u霉nit托we弄igh猴to讓fp摘ure鋸wa張ter損at上+遵遞T遙he炭spe則cif尊ic雕gra庸vit去yo節(jié)fs懲oil阻is鈔me踢asu絞red駕is非by遼de忙nsi暫ty肺bot黃tle花.F流irs致tly稻,f鼠ill扭ing臥a裝den往sit閑yb過(guò)ott李le珍wit紫hf清ull佛of改wa上ter堪,w倉(cāng)eig燒hti志ng個(gè)the界bo命ttl克ea蓋nd癢wat底er,逢ma機(jī)ss止of杏the爐mi趙sg逢ot.慚Th蕩en,溉pu渠tti椅ng敏som災(zāi)ed羨ry棋soi雷li江nto際th仰ee深mpt渠yd規(guī)ens脾ity倒bo令ttl諒e,溝fil歐lin怕gt斜he遵bot圾tle冠wi劇th奶ful摧lo蘭fw躬ate用r,群wei丸ght今ing拆th配eb袍ott淹le,解so診il脾and量wa瞞ter距,m蒜ass察of阻th旱em撕is杯got太.C濃alc津ula續(xù)ted儉sp伐eci莖fic薦gr威avi汗ty共of圓soi朗li至sa凡sf豐oll掘ows氏:礦將飽載針粥(譽(yù)1-5蠢)猾Whe淡re雖嚴(yán)=奉mas慕so宅fd焦ens贈(zèng)ity窄bo墨ttl耀ea旺nd錫wat建er刺=毀mas腫so得fd熱ens款ity遼bo銳ttl戶e,曠soi峰la隆nd純wat磚er屆=巧mas秧so乏fd內(nèi)ry落soi鵲l批The趟va回lue恐of脅sp斬eci勉fic式gr眉avi鹿ty雀dep疤end貧so芝nt坐he魄min碼era葉log渴ica肝lc谷omp批osi飛tio皺n.浸Nat霧ura脅ls界oil限,c控omp史ose婆db翻yd鎖iff纖ere捎nt協(xié)min統(tǒng)era秧ls,模ha愈sd訓(xùn)iff抄ere盆nt招spe康cif惹ic惡gra刑vit滲y.芬Spe覺(jué)cif沫ic尤gra舟vit誠(chéng)yo跡fs辛oil至ob土tai皂ned刻fr花om塔tes吳tin尤gr亂epr華ese唱nts腫th預(yù)ea鹽ver俯age來(lái)va即lue經(jīng)of腦so洋il慕par喊tic睡les海.T跟he涂ave蕩rag幸ep散art吵icl潛es摔spe蝴cif銹ic頁(yè)gra楊vit遷yo宇fs憲and粥is斤2.盯65;濁cl燭a束y耀’卷si描s2碎.75妄.I狀fo匠rga蘋(píng)nic趴ma丘tte飯ri醫(yī)sc詢ont逗ain博ed,租th汽ea腸ver廈age稀pa慧rti受cle歸ss別pec鋼ifi建ci挽sd振ecr箭eas廣ed寸dra右mat訊ica石lly殘.嫁農(nóng)Wa涼ter拍co宣nte棟nt涌of內(nèi)soi鳴l亡Wat法er議con租ten絞to演fs死oil競(jìng)is撤th明em搞ass希of腰wa庫(kù)ter屋in噸a川soi赴l(fā)s貴amp端le途div鉗ide喉db息yt冰he楊mas嫁so露ft丙he哈sol旦ids雖an片dm遵ult驅(qū)ipl匠ied轉(zhuǎn)by介10眨0%.建It卡is陳exp觀res投sed洞by叮pe俱rce寒nt虧as缸fol菠low帥s膏虧誠(chéng)撫蠢妹(則1-6陶)無(wú)輩Ge斧ner注all寒yw老ate似rc噸ont法ent暢of犧so換il膽can穗be劃me醒a(bǔ)su礙red砍by閉ad森ust桑ion沸me埋tho掉d.見(jiàn)Fir刪stl勵(lì)y,逗wei廉ght暢th鴿en干atu井ral享so或il甜and德ob軌tai繁ni能ts凍mas賭s.欣The斃np繳ut御it巾int挽od灑ry顫ove耀nw艘ith腎te演mpe撐rat帖ure須fr壟om誦to闊踐,a擋nd欠the椒ma醉ss顧of底dry餃so艷il展wei遵ght楚ing駕.洽Acc得ord徒ing攪to業(yè)Eq尤.(1格-6)立,w內(nèi)ate牙rc騾ont至ent絹of較so襯il碧is塞got膚.椒2.痕Cal述cul熊ate主dP疲hys步ica些lI遭nde孩xes差2.1種V科oid耳ra顏tio元遲e睬Voi稿dr哄ati讀oo展fs折oil狐is達(dá)th現(xiàn)er脆ati展oo扛fv封olu莖me納of輝voi摟ds燭to孫the睬vo芽lum塊eo糞fs概oil揚(yáng)pa股rti葵cle遲s,爹exp終res孕sed居by烤de櫻cim垂al兔fra指cti鼠on些as損fol臂low角s:干恭呈三傳局志疤茫(1-掘7)迫2.2絲P今oro尿sit案y胳n嗎Dep邊end撒ing芹up忌on街the蜘de溜gre留eo書(shū)fs物oil周de革nsi丹ty碎or則pac探kin感g(shù),物soi姻lp屠art盈icl寫(xiě)es奇are乖su項(xiàng)rro狼und釣ed頁(yè)by撐ac錯(cuò)ert欄ain款am匙o(hù)un纖to眨fv嫂oid邀s,窩whi笑ch錫are塔te魔rme方dp校ore示s.傅The瓦to軟tal嫌vo羨lum浸eo總fa院ll分voi賢ds根wit掌hin級(jí)a當(dāng)uni春tv鋪olu誰(shuí)me貍of對(duì)soi霉l,蕩reg返ard只les攻so孔fw哀het帝her塑fu訓(xùn)lly賠or墻pa菠rti軌all捐yf檔ill功ed肌wit幅hl耽iqu耀id,性is孝te額rme溝dt基he嫌soi科lp幟oro貿(mào)sit贏y.起Por纏osi深ty,盒脊n育,i饑se姿xpr患ess沿ed浩by譜the煮ra衛(wèi)tio資of系vo輔lum爽eo盆fa增ll晴voi還ds覺(jué)to想the繡to仙tal袖vo關(guān)lum商eo堤fs鍛oil爭(zhēng)愉(罪sol御ids陡pl懂us割voi猶ds們),已a(bǔ)nd膛is化us刑ual幕ly白exp納res高sed盼qu陜ant難ita誕tiv恢ely些in霧pe狐rce樹(shù)nta笛ge.耕It碧is矩ex矛pre貼sse慘db首yp貿(mào)erc少ent申as消fo召llo虛ws:梢迫鄭壁裁錦欺甘廈(1-礦8)圣Voi芝dr械ati厲oa燭nd辭por爬osi鑄ty仗of即soi越lr怕efl油ect覆co放mpa貞ctn列ess稅le擋vel杏of環(huán)so焦il.儀Th貨el釘ess朱th圓ev梳alu快e,默the男de幸nse個(gè)rt赴he撐soi堅(jiān)l.爆2.3胞D員egr熄ee招of埋sat桌ura騰tio軍n愿The梯co抓ndi密tio刮nw筆hen鋒vo父ids熟ar憲ep絹art覺(jué)ial輪ly挺fil欣led貴wi員th窯wat途er纖is免exp倦res嘗sed菜by輪th艱ed軟egr夢(mèng)ee陰of指sat告ura義tio獵n疊,o選rr逼ela豪tiv帶ew城ate徐rc牛ont社ent乒.I件ti汪st至he港rat以io碼of割the兩ac厭tua者lv味olu抱me澤of咬wat帆er級(jí)in鵝voi來(lái)ds屢to事th鞏et堂ota躺lv掩olu充me盾of假voi抹ds賤,e簡(jiǎn)xpr撤ess絨ed斃in少fra暴cti窗ons娃of步th栗et舉ota惱lv撈olu蹤me邀of潑voi付ds:紫單崖煩涼輩跟雞艙(1-宜9)淋The程de球gre告eo眾fs渴atu聚rat扛ion陽(yáng)is棗an籃in繩dex鋼th紡at向exp薯res春ses蒜th睛ed溝egr維ee除of捷voi倚ds蹄fil豐led線wi搏th史wat情er.趟Th湊ed豬egr游ee柏of跨sat擔(dān)ura耽tio攜no輔fd斯ry啞soi較li允s0癢,a舅nd朱the蟻de圈gre析eo守fs綁atu月rat沿ion藥of媽sa探tur嚷ate濕ds扎oil濟(jì)is基10顧0%.對(duì)Dry誓de在nsi月ty藍(lán)an帳dd城ry秤uni表tw球eig俱ht嬌Dry鈴de劣nsi短ty齡is漫the您ma瑞ss致of演soi僵lp眉art罷icl禍eo糊fu轉(zhuǎn)nit蟲(chóng)vo崖lum轟e,劣exp嚼res羨sed鈔as崇fo仍llo征ws丈限泊丟僵蒸緩味身努悠(1瓣-10曠)翁Dry因un慣it島wei蛾ght栽of李so盆il莊par農(nóng)tic辛le荒of磁uni懷tv躲olu山me,給ex崇pre龜sse慮da饑sf英oll民ows雜狠姻劑涼痰幼鐮錘(1-炎11)手Dri須ed妹in剖an瞞ove繼n,匯soi迷lv窄olu課me漂dec奔rea霸ses括.S叉od尸ry產(chǎn)den相sit有yi忠sn羞ot繼equ待al裳to辟den薦sit頑yo塵fd煤rie偶ds奴oil布.D省ry橫den凝sit械yo秘rd睛ry拌uni際tw逐eig段ht平is灘als瓶ot體he蒸ind躺ex笨eva胃lua州tin運(yùn)gc咸omp酸act本nes也so如fs化oil饒.T這he燃hig桶her天ar章et鹽he桐two哭in蒙dex淚es,廊th選ed圖ens祥er殊is床the籠so梳il.匙Th僵ey該are貓of誦ten割us需ed枯to推ind燙ica布te稀con脹str始uct討ion勵(lì)qu警ali塑ty睛in技fil插l-s賄oil鉛pr繼oje礎(chǔ)ct.菌Sat零ura爺ted李de緣nsi廟ty放of斜soi虎l波an底ds捉atu耽rat牽ed冊(cè)u(píng)ni脹tw挪eig動(dòng)ht麥Sat沿ura涉ted吧de者nsi合ty鬼of糞soi痛li橫st叫he胞mas輸so能fs役oil含of扯un覆it速vol分ume擠wh幫en犁all呼vo淘ids嘉of叛so資il魔are科fi皂lle段dw傻ith氣wa佳ter尺,挑exp夸res共sed櫻a(bǔ)s濟(jì)fo娘llo眠ws:拆拉禍閘勞生蔑胞(1-活12)芳W妨hen躍so科il翅is明sat軌ura合ted袖,玩the泳we彼igh合to梢fu輩nit壯vo顆lum頁(yè)ei羅sd卸efi嚴(yán)ned仿as贊fo胞llo弦ws:碌繳謹(jǐn)弱(恒1-1截3)購(gòu)2.6貿(mào)B借uoy畏ant取de池nsi鋪ty亡an暈db諸uoy嘴ant熱un央it誘wei肯ght獨(dú)踩Buo發(fā)yan書(shū)td灶ens獵ity阿is聯(lián)pu舌tf答orw采ard新an席di該ti再st會(huì)he泡mas祝sd笛iff基ere杜nce血of炒un孩it揚(yáng)wei頑ght虧be喪twe濕en補(bǔ)soi倍la廁nd冷an雞equ漆al勞vol萌ume橫of規(guī)wa辣ter誼.I蛛ts膀exp毫res遵sio筍ni材sa耕sf攪oll須ows機(jī):駱紹劇溫漸合板合(1-狗14)怎扇or亮冬閥室喜搶糕栽款(1-苦15)宗遵Owi剝ng脆to很buo蹦yan稠cy雕of姐wat受er,完ef盲fec透tiv菠ew漫eig麥ht槽of便soi歇ld勤ecr破eas親es.餃Th獄en擁the形de脅fin峽iti毅on炕of劈buo鵲yan梳t(yī)u竿nit逝we喘igh說(shuō)ti虎sp刊ut裁for墊war玻d.幻Its冶ex龜pre貝ssi心on至is鎖as黎fol肺low劇s警澡輔悅單(1太-16摩)堪For譜mt借he批fou懂rd最efi壩nit藥ion艷sa姨bov祝e,窩dif營(yíng)fer堂ent府de鴨nsi繁tie默sa索nd盞uni詞tw錯(cuò)eig鑼hts榆ha畫(huà)ve鬧suc頑hr煌ela哥tio屢na宮s:趁嬸鏟緞or慘者.漂譯令文識(shí):百簡(jiǎn)笑土的物洪理性質(zhì)掠指標(biāo)團(tuán)1兄頭基本物苦理性質(zhì)芬指標(biāo)阿始狀態(tài)擺自然土仗壤是一薪很復(fù)雜水實(shí)物理敵系統(tǒng)體孕。漏足土壤是共由大量細(xì)各種粒援徑粒狀掉的礦粒厭,序腐殖質(zhì)蹈或有機(jī)抗物組成酷的集合叉體。礦曲質(zhì)土壤果的物理停組成成萬(wàn)分取決小與它的皮物理組白成成分寧。狼作為一說(shuō)個(gè)顆粒洋組成的紫系統(tǒng)食,弟土壤單披元本質(zhì)滅上說(shuō)是摸多相的斧,糠圖舍1筍顯示一紀(jì)典型元召素的土還壤明顯活的包含蟻三種不尺同相：分固相（恰礦粒）扔、氣相攤，以及腫液相（垃通常指橋水）。忍在圖中諒已經(jīng)把曬各相獨(dú)腰立的分劃離出來(lái)工以便更軍方便的熱顯示各刷相之間慧的關(guān)系竿。在圖腎中肯,遭左側(cè)表背示的是們各相的絨重棋量楚,亮右側(cè)表葡示的是淚各相的院體積。舍在圖文中房,回m榴表示師質(zhì)訂量香,屯v吐表示體蒜積。下紅標(biāo)晶s,w似,潑a自和摸v滿分別代享表土顆積粒袍,倡水根,糧氣體和進(jìn)孔隙。僵所以域表示土圾顆粒的叔質(zhì)衫量覽,趙表示孔獨(dú)隙的體牽積替,張等等。錄在土的漢各相關(guān)勞系棟中供,她最有用纏的拍是餐:幫含水紗量緣,洞密度以業(yè)及顆粒井比重。棗這些指養(yǎng)標(biāo)必須牛通過(guò)試彈驗(yàn)測(cè)定丸。還有鵝一些其稻他重要扮的體積曾關(guān)私系傍:睛孔隙蒙比肅,孩孔隙率怎以及飽鍬和度。畏我們稱(chēng)農(nóng)這些指尋標(biāo)為導(dǎo)饑出指標(biāo)辭。接下棒來(lái)將給華出這些畝指標(biāo)詳吸細(xì)的定欲義珠:漿1.1承殿土壤單閥位體積呢密度查與單位蝕體積重宇度憶土單位筆體積的艙質(zhì)量稱(chēng)害為土的矛密度。且用宮表每示掃,疤單位達(dá)為暮is罷(怕or符療)餐。懇可用下橡式表饑示挨:恒召蚊蛙(1-擠1)趙對(duì)于粘柴性土來(lái)春說(shuō)虧,難密度測(cè)層定采用修環(huán)刀法倦。郵單位體堵積重度援是總重泄量與總乖體積的夫比值。套用捎表示單絨位為微煉妙五(據(jù)1-2如)挪式抗中疼W證—撲土體重尾量邊(思單位前為僻KN)眨;鏈g慧—努重力加遍速度。陪1.2咱討土粒比利重竊比重一晉詞僅僅凳應(yīng)用于跌形容土柿體中的百固遼相張,假換言虹之他,比對(duì)于只蝦是對(duì)于圾土體顆臟粒認(rèn),稈而不是相整個(gè)土鈴體而言他。后者村包括除生固體顆蔽粒之外鴨的奸,燥液相和交氣夢(mèng)相違(切比如空無(wú)氣方)饑。漲土粒比閘重潔是土粒今密度框與嫁+紛純水的語(yǔ)密度的黎比去值異,昂土粒密畏度是單防位體積歸內(nèi)土顆綠粒的質(zhì)車(chē)量戲。溫+拒時(shí)水的婦密度蜂是披1.餐0災(zāi)。因民此庸,卵土粒比儲(chǔ)重的計(jì)渡算如姓下腦:請(qǐng)暈(冠1-3直)者印病或裁胖況扯睜律糞(1瘡-4)燈其穴中混偷=檢汁璃土粒密背度島=暗+呼純水的奏密度郵=總+痛純水的篇重量供土粒比豆重的測(cè)竄定采用沸比重瓶覆法。第惹一勸,檔將比重燥瓶?jī)?nèi)充種滿在水嶺,煤稱(chēng)出水阿和瓶子行的重固量芹,截。然堵后滑,嫩在比重屑瓶中放項(xiàng)入一些喘干燥的余土深,凱用水填菌滿比重首瓶踏,跟稱(chēng)壁重?fù)P,每將得到津土和水材的質(zhì)量誰(shuí)。顆粒碰比重的抖計(jì)算如僚下挺:壤淹燙嗎碰竟(起1-5強(qiáng))綱其足中鐵阻搖=服傷土體和山比重瓶芝的質(zhì)量咐=楊巧比重瓶紗和水的效質(zhì)量熟=貪騙干土的騎質(zhì)量管顆粒比旁重的大鉗小取決給于土體徹的礦物陸組成。廁自然界形中的土怒體由各州種礦物婦組則成例,泡即便對(duì)邊于同一銅種土來(lái)問(wèn)說(shuō)其顆咬粒比重舅也不相短同。由貼試驗(yàn)得死到的顆爺粒比重灑代表了揪所有值捷的平均爛值。砂榮土的平床均土粒頁(yè)比重寧為薪2.6國(guó)5;揭勁粘土隸為虛2.7歸5反。如果凳考慮土皂中的有匆機(jī)尾質(zhì)買(mǎi),稿平均土搖粒比重禍的值會(huì)索發(fā)生顯胸著的變縮化。庫(kù)含水蜂率淺翅w驅(qū)含水率贏是指土糧樣中的給土體的心質(zhì)量與藥土體中造固體顆仰粒質(zhì)量瓦比值的參百分?jǐn)?shù)兄。以百右分?jǐn)?shù)的心形式表壯示如袖下曾:記本耽磁煮級(jí)(底1-6滿)歇通浸常普,正含水率頓的測(cè)定崗采用烘忠干法。寫(xiě)首她先設(shè),區(qū)稱(chēng)出天枝然狀態(tài)倚下的土扇體質(zhì)量晨。然噸后像,桌把土樣飽放入烘肉干爐內(nèi)插在扒to尿些烘干至漂恒兇重齒,纖再稱(chēng)出千干土的炕質(zhì)量。數(shù)根據(jù)撫式迷1-賺6運(yùn)可得到宜含水率花。逃導(dǎo)出物須理指標(biāo)氏2.鳳1犁孔隙比橡e妨孔隙比冠是土中銅孔隙體糖積與土坑粒體積顯之汗比趁,虧用小數(shù)死表匆示祝,季計(jì)算如翠下冠式暢:帝鑒帶處屬溪觀常問(wèn)(1-許7)錦2.政2拳孔隙近率農(nóng)旁n騾基于土緩體密屢度考,撲土體顆破粒被相穴當(dāng)數(shù)量玉的空隙句包嘩圍艘,娘用術(shù)語(yǔ)扣表示為妻孔隙。陽(yáng)總體積滋指闖單元土通體的總滑體欠積螺,齡不考慮屑空隙中茂部分還正是全部獻(xiàn)充滿液聾體屑,支用術(shù)語(yǔ)抬表達(dá)就比是孔隙帳率?？琢肯缎奥叔X(qián),輔n花,腦表達(dá)成屆總的孔購(gòu)隙體積椅與土體念總體積礎(chǔ)(渠固體體考積和孔盜隙體積撕之蕩和藝)促,選它的值墊通常表狠達(dá)成百吃分?jǐn)?shù)的緞形式。夕百分比博表達(dá)式武如防下若:正要剃拆豎稈幼部柄(1-牽8)?？紫侗妊龊涂紫杜侣史从车送馏w虎的壓縮唱程度。沫值越去小失,匪則土體嫌越密實(shí)恥。史2.3窯腎飽和度豐當(dāng)土體低空隙中逝部分的副充滿畝水殘,喚在此條吳件促下題,扣表示為賊飽和度班,跌或相對(duì)唱含水率植。即土陜體中水井的體積躺與總的呆孔隙體緒積揮的比梁值潔,麻,劑表達(dá)成您分?jǐn)?shù)形左式就雅是談:直玉剩吩理襲中愈匯(1-翻9)畢飽和度趨反映的姑是土體貼中被水瞎充滿的貝孔隙體動(dòng)積占總釘孔隙體戰(zhàn)積的程說(shuō)度的指肌標(biāo)機(jī)。逢淡干燥的嫌土的飽凱和度睜是胃0,算職完全飽撓和土的脾飽和度坡是動(dòng)100伐%乏。柿2.4半彩干密度霞和干重龍度外干密度煮是指單配位體積藝土體中落固體顆蔑粒的質(zhì)往量最,布表達(dá)式角如侵下繁:另(浪1-1勇0)萄干重度陶是指單仔位體積詞土體中凳固體顆架粒的重棒量壓,煉表達(dá)式殿如私下暢:知(1堆-11絨)盒捏鼠在烘干涌爐里烘句干昌,接土體體考積發(fā)生澡收縮。贈(zèng)所以干綁密度不駛等于干繡燥狀態(tài)薯下的土陽(yáng)密度。甲干密度牌和干重椒度也是掩估計(jì)土搜體壓縮貌性的一攤個(gè)指標(biāo)身。兩個(gè)剃指標(biāo)的蘆值越職大狼,紫說(shuō)明土莖體越密壘實(shí)。在啞填土工爐程中常貨把它們園用來(lái)評(píng)侄定土體婦填筑質(zhì)虛量。儉2.5章埋戚土體的鋸飽和密域度冷和飽和驢重度頑土的飽單和密度土指倦,晝土孔隙濾中充滿跟水時(shí)的弊單位體漸積質(zhì)求量止,性表示如招下斥:促(1強(qiáng)-12凳)怎當(dāng)土體筍飽和有時(shí)萄,部定義單捎位體積原土體的飲重度如穴下所壞示熱:幼(濫1-1三3)是浮密度要和浮重勝度渡現(xiàn)在提析出浮密漁度的概頂念捕,徹它指單禮位土體陣積中土蟻粒的質(zhì)堪量扣除迫同體積婆水的質(zhì)蜜量。表嚇達(dá)式如寧下桃:呼(1考-14念)或信(塊1-1膠5)盈由于水雪的浮愧力澡,疑土的有宮效重度加減少。駛現(xiàn)在提霸出土體跟有效重參度定樸義立,刺表達(dá)如喜下謎:或(滑1-1羨6)因從上述耀四個(gè)定將義可血知舌,督不同的稍密度和執(zhí)單位重迫度有如砌下關(guān)夜系遇:只or男羨。匠專(zhuān)修業(yè)綢:忽結(jié)構(gòu)工不程網(wǎng)通陽(yáng)姓暈名析:吵拳曉學(xué)憑號(hào)到:究專(zhuān)業(yè)詞就匯寸1A核cti并ve踩ear攔th卸pre煌ssu掉re圈膝主動(dòng)土春壓咳力銅2迎adh估esi完on孝飾附著宏力穴,妹粘著宋力叛池3a連llo甜wab躲le予dif燥fer果ent舍ial激se引ttl雕eme御nt恢臭容許差晨異沉掘降匹4漲anc讓hor話fo印rce把確錨固階力盡館5a量ppl排ied傾pr剛ess鑒ure執(zhí)殺附加壓俊力嫌6杜are溝ao漏fi議nfl督uen智ce億酬影響略區(qū)青盯7b崖ase辜fa牛ilu墾re炭努地基破譜壞斃8闊bas換eh礦eav練e酸楚坑底隆負(fù)起賣(mài)遭9b巡ent挺oni愉te咬估膨潤(rùn)筒土姨10可bo逗nd吹str掉es較s集粘結(jié)應(yīng)墳力烤碧11任bra雨ced臣ex題cav隸ati舞on態(tài)碼支撐開(kāi)應(yīng)挖評(píng)12殘bu挨lb撒粥球形擴(kuò)此大謠頭勝包13侮can屠til態(tài)eve拔rs煉hee跳tp嫂ile條wa蠟ll寬灰懸臂式邀板樁歪墻劈掀14眠cas煩ing案fi福lle枕dw青ith閥co謀ncr古ete初概套管內(nèi)效灌注混訪凝什土素距15滔cas稱(chēng)t-i社n-p堂lac歉ep蔽ile搖猾就地灌粥注根樁辣16贊ci熔rcu輛lar犯fa埋ilu扮re關(guān)sur侍fac寨e渠眨圓形破膜壞拆面蔑惰17巴coe寇ffi舍cie神nt堡of物con階sol究ida肅tio億n調(diào)航固結(jié)系昆數(shù)廳18就co無(wú)hes卷ion謙les凍ss奸oil犧s飛拖無(wú)粘性循土胡婚19摧con哲sol他ida承tio滿nc箱urv婦e槐晝固結(jié)曲貼線見(jiàn)20埋cu青shi支on找梁墊掏層輝守21匆cri礎(chǔ)tic河al援gra墨die栽nt挎縫臨界梯遙度澆22定d下efl序ect管ion圍克撓臨度街御23垮def駱orm物ati殲on鐮點(diǎn)變薪形悉24凳de即gre苦eo坊fs曲atu絲rat劃ion擔(dān)胡飽和狠度耀足25慕dep膚osi瓣t濕選沉積字物堅(jiān)26啟de司tec挨tio團(tuán)n仁漠檢夫測(cè)敲秧27嘴det每eri言ora剛tio謠no炕fc您onc撿ret薯e歉向混凝土逗侵矛蝕陷28隊(duì)de葵ton亞ati們on回購(gòu)爆炸糕29草dia棋phr斬agm睬wa升lls驢嘗地下連抓續(xù)暖墻淘30姥di核ffe豬ren永tia銹ls畢ett糖lem魂ent乞絡(luò)差異沉雜降憐春31蝦dir紗ect洗sh歸ear膊te式st煉雕直剪試槽驗(yàn)餓32賽di朽spl悠ace捷men兼tp惠ile姿悠擠土軌樁涼奶33秧dri查ven凡ca姐st-件in-旺pla樹(shù)ce在pil霧es愿軍沉管灌篇注道樁般34貧dr辰y(tǒng)s愉tre例ngt汗h粥普干強(qiáng)房度叔遇35聽(tīng)dyn鈴ami廚ca穗nal喉ysi青s淋罵動(dòng)力分褲析迎36曉dy陪nam躲ic假pil完eb襖ear融ing哄ca答pac掌ity記訪樁的動(dòng)嫩承載殲力蜻炮37格dyn簽ami謀cp棕ile里te吊st脂瓶單樁動(dòng)糠力試昂驗(yàn)稍38夏ear芝th瓶pre艱ssu趟re蠅dis做tri賠but觸ion承風(fēng)土壓力嗎分交布傾貞39籍ear拾th律rei網(wǎng)nfo賢rce收men謙t海惕加筋肌土遭40廢ea吉rth蜻re抱tai高nin爭(zhēng)gs驢tru凳ctu莖res茶辣擋土結(jié)綱構(gòu)譯物梨美41扒ecc少ent多ric寶lo筋ad輛樂(lè)偏心荷重載贏42泊ef敘fec劉tiv韻eg耐rai位ns孟ize湖院有效粒蘭徑磨具43駁eff歉ect酬ive掌ov絡(luò)erb沖urd股en片pre饑ssu中re厲嚴(yán)有效超桿載壓力恒44段eff滲ect伏ive騎st綢res治sa拋nal卻ysi相s予撫有效應(yīng)賣(mài)力分嬸析窩計(jì)45蓄ela斷sti米cd六efl突ect圈ion借悠彈性撓業(yè)曲護(hù)46抱em景ban品kme愚nt滲pil借es疑泥路堤其樁竟愉47毀end語(yǔ)be庫(kù)ari糊ng賄pil菠es萬(wàn)南端承面樁魯48疾eq腿ual究st譜res角si納ncr傅eas夕e即氧等應(yīng)力顛增德量右州49膀equ爸iva美len創(chuàng)tl認(rèn)ine章攏等勢(shì)拖線型50敗ex朗ces咱sp衰ore巾pr嘴ess蛇ure墳雪超孔隙哭水壓食力徑衛(wèi)51務(wù)exp件ans偉ion秀of弟ce糊ll耗付小孔擴(kuò)對(duì)張沿52紫fa勞bri存cr帥ein逆for散ced解wa頁(yè)ll怎乏土工織失物加固郵的紫墻葉灰53懸fai清lur睡ew哈edg宴e在蕩破壞楔剩體限54迅fa纏ll待con鄉(xiāng)et必est撇輸落錐試佩驗(yàn)授勝55誰(shuí)fil澡ed佛van圣et羅est術(shù)吃現(xiàn)場(chǎng)十貍字板試賺驗(yàn)貌56畜fl怪exu黎ral電cr賽ack披s叛儀彎曲裂阿縫汽付57孔flo廳ati慰ng憲fou騙nda逐tio鏟n筑云補(bǔ)償基巷礎(chǔ)蝕,性浮筏基炭礎(chǔ)粱58踢fl宰o(hù)w緊net販中流把網(wǎng)都況59豬fri件cti戶on歸ang銅le頌牛摩擦緒角鉗60垂gr君ada雙tio妙n劉追級(jí)役配佛堤61稻gro峽ute某d站夕注漿銜的近62揭hi易gh林liq鉆uid顯li怪mit蘇鮮高液丑限揚(yáng)燕63鹽hig尤hp瑞las少tic優(yōu)ity干in溪d