中英淺談混凝土的施工溫度與縫隙

PAGE濰坊學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)PAGEPAGE18第頁(yè)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯DiscusstheconstructiontemperatureandcrackoftheconcretelightlyThesummary,throughobservationliveformanyyears,throughconsultingthemonographaboutstresswithintheconcrete,explaintoconcretetemperaturereason,on-the-spotconcretecontrolandmeasure,preventionofcrackoftemperaturethatcrackproduce.KeywordConcreteTemperaturestressCrackControlTheconcreteoccupiestheimportantpositioninmodernengineeringconstruction.Buttoday,thecrackoftheconcreteiscomparativelygeneral,thecracksarenearlyomnipresentinthescienceofbridgebuilding.Thoughwetakevariouskindsofmeasuresinconstructing,careful,butthecrackstilloccursnowandthen.Tracingittoitscause,itisoneofthemincompletelythatourchangetoconcretetemperaturestresspaysattentionto.Inthelargevolumeconcrete,temperaturestressandtemperaturecontrolaresignificant.Thisismainlybecauseofthereasonoftworespects.Firstofall,concreteoftenappearthetemperaturecrackinnotconstructing,influencetheglobalityanddurabilityofthestructure.Secondly,inthecourseofoperating,thetemperaturechangehasremarkableinfluencethatcan'tbeignoredonthestressstateofthestructure.Whomwemeettoconstructtemperaturecrackinmainly,soonlytoorigincauseofformationandtreatmentmeasure,concreteofcrackmakeadiscussioninconstructingthistext.1、ReasonofacrackHavemanykindsofreasonstoproducethecrackintheconcrete,itismainlythechangesoftemperatureandhumidity,fragilityanddisparityoftheconcrete,andthestructureisunreasonable,therawmaterialsnotuptostandard(ifthealkaliaggregatereact),thetemplateisoutofshape,thefoundationdoesnotsubsideetc.evenly.Thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydrationwhentheconcreteishardenned,insidetemperatureisrisingconstantly,causethestressofdrawingonthesurface.Inthecourseofloweringthetemperature,isitcongealfoundationpayrestraintomixalwayslaterstage,willpresentthestressofdrawingwithintheconcrete.Reducingoftemperaturecansurfacecauseheavystressofdrawingveryinconcretetoo.Whenthesedrawthestressandgobeyondresistingtheabilityofsplittingofconcrete,namelywillpresentthecrack.Alotofinsidehumidityofconcretechangeverylightorchangerelativelyslow,surfacehumiditymightchangeheavytheviolentchangetakesplacing.Suchasmaintainingthoroughly,whengettingwetterwhennotdoing,contractsurfacetherearen'tdeformationdoing,oftencausethecracktoo.Theconcreteisakindoffragilitymaterial,tensilestrengthisabout1/10ofthecompressionstrength,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitwhendrawoutofshapetohave*104only,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitlocationwhenstretchoutofshapetothereis*104toaddforalongtimetoaddashorttime.Becauserawmaterialseven,waterdustthanunstable,transportandbuildphenomenonofemanatingofcourse,itstensilestrengthisnoteveninthesameconcrete,alotofresisttheabilityofdrawingverylow,itisapttopresenttheweakpositionofthecrack.Amongarmoredconcrete,drawstresstoundertakebyreinforcingbarmainly,concretebearstressofkeepingjust.Orreinforcingbarmixifedgepositiongonetotocongealpresentthestressofdrawinginthestructureinplainconcrete,mustrelyontheconcreteoneselftobear.Requiretoavoidthestressofdrawingoronlyverysmallstressofdrawingappearsofthethegeneraldesign.Buttheconcreteiscooledfrommaximumtemperaturetothesteadytemperatureofoperatingperiodinconstructing,oftencausesizabletodrawthestresswithintheconcrete.Thetemperaturestresscanexceedotheroutsidesandloadthestressescausedsometimes,knowchangelaw,temperatureofstressforcarryonreasonablestructuraldesignandconstructextremelyimportant.2、Analysisof2temperaturestressesCanbedividedintofollowingthreestagesaccordingtotheformingprocessofthetemperaturestress:(1)Itisearly:Buildconcreteisitisitoverbasicallytosendoutheattocementtobegin,generallyoneonedaybyoneself.Twocharacteristicsatthisstage,first,thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydration,second,mixandcongealthechangingsharplyofelasticmodelquantity.Becauseofthechangeofelasticmodelquantity,formtheremainingstressintheconcreteinthisperiod.(2)Middleperiod:Uptilltheconcreteiscooleduntilstabilitytemperaturefromcementsendoutheatfunctionbasicallywhenexpiring,inthisperiod,thetemperaturestressismainlybecausethecoolingoftheconcreteandexternaltemperaturechangecause,thesestressesandremnantsstressesthatisformedinearlydaysaresuperposed,mixandcongealtheelasticmouldamountthatgoestoanddoesnotchangemuchduringthisperiod.(3)Laterperiod:Operationperiodafterthecompletecoolingofconcrete.Temperaturestresswhetherexternaltemperaturechangecausemainly,thesestressesandfirsttwokindsofremnantsstressesesarechangedandadded.Canbedividedintotwokindsaccordingtothereasonwhythetemperaturestresscauses:(1)Spontaneousstress:Therearenotanyrestraintortotallystaticstructureattheborder,ifinsidetemperatureisnon-lineardistribution,temperaturestressappearingbecausestructurerestrainsfromeachother.Forexample,thebodyofmoundofthebridge,thephysicaldimensionisrelativelylarge,surfacetemperatureislowwhentheconcreteiscooled,insidetemperatureishigh,presentthestressofdrawingonthesurface,presentthestressofpressinginthemiddle.(2)Restrainthestress:Allofthestructureonesoritrestrainexternalonesomeborder,can'toutofshapeandstressnotcausenotfree.Suchascaseroofbeamroofconcreteandguardrailconcrete.Thistwokindsoftemperaturestressesdrawbackstressescausedtoactonwiththedoingofconcretetogetherfrequently.Itisamorecomplicatedjobtowanttoanalysethedistribution,sizeofthetemperaturestressaccuratelyaccordingtoknowntemperature.Incaseofgreatmajority,needtorelyonthemodeltestorthenumbervaluetocalculate.Toisitmaketemperaturestresshavesizablelimptocreepconcrete,atthestressaccountingtemperature,mustconsidertheinfluencethatcreep,calculateconcretlythatnolongerstatesthinlyhere.3、Controlandpreventingthemeasureofthecrackof3temperatureForpreventcrack,lightentemperaturestresscanfromcontroltemperatureandisitisitsetabouttorestraintermsfromtwotoimprove.城The疊me京asu瘋re額of錄con嘴tro忘lli哨ng竟tem窯per礦atu式re肺is饒as她fol贈(zèng)low趙s:久(館1)I鴿si蟲ti刺mpr辨ove頃ag料gre中g(shù)at洽eg他rad煤em甩ix優(yōu),i駱si總td倆or泰igi爆dc瞎onc拾ret誠(chéng)et聞os免pen普d,盼mi崇xm腔ixt此ure候to泥ad租opt伴,i清si坐tg谷uid院ea耐ngr叢yp雀har頃mac妄eut越ica歷lo壺rp撓las漠tif坡ica怨tio午np弦har鼓mac追eut屑ica箏l,畝etc露.m畝eas犧ure春in排or梢der闊to喘re耕duc誼ec枕eme蹲nt貼con滅sum珠pti弊o(hù)n誕of促con頌cre作te梅to施add退;莊(筐2)A刪dd瞎wat靜er掏or尤the惠wa汽ter調(diào)to竊co愚ol逢the菊br扣oke穴ns祝ton佳ei淚no雅rde誤rt授or再edu湊ce胃the科te格mpe跨rat疤ure購(gòu)of益bu議ild野ing扎of潛th炸ec晚onc狗ret族e(cuò)w到hil劍em妨ixi造ng降and筆sh職utt數(shù)ing賠th拴ec腰onc泡ret右e;桿(顯3)R院edu庸ce俊the撕th敘ick款nes隔so盆fb拔uil柳din親gw格hil濫eb隔uil痕din歸gt膨he泰con港cre狗te系on油hot暈da屬y,釣uti譜liz移ea婚nd籮bui社ld矮the壞as券pec孝tt匪od和isp僅el孤the滾he五at;襲群(創(chuàng)4)B傷ury喉th鼓ew礙ate棗rp詳ipe珍un蕉der誓gro誕und衡in承th蘿ec傅onc擔(dān)ret停e,席ent德er按the板co設(shè)ld雞wat溜er爐to劇low司er突the添te玩mpe不rat呼ure例op害enl宴y;燃(站5)S愿tip緣ula兆te套rat葛ion撫al誼for好mr淡emo益val夫ti越me,帽th蜻et坐emp欣era版tur策ek末eep癥sw冷arm攪th價(jià)es忙urf貌ace呀wh窗ile練lo夫wer團(tuán)ing冬su晝dde鏈nly提,i托nc努ase凱th邊at寨the享ra更pid劈te怪mpe竹rat港ure冬gr恢adi修ent企ta捏kes恰pl賊ace摘in逼th泥ec幣onc乒ret洞es啄urf悠ace圓;滑(熊6)T能he售con稀cre問(wèn)te魂wit浙hm罩edi石um狹and討lo海ng-質(zhì)ter柴ma狹nd返exp炸ose童dc糕ons努tru輔cti浸on疾bui搏lds紛a叉pie析ce皆of膠sur緒fac舒eo育rt繭hin總wa毛ll膛str如uct升ure霜,t斷ake芒th苦em桌eas萌ure唐of翻ke畜epi傘ng窮war浸mi旋nc既old備se食aso羅n;腐The勉me休asu績(jī)r(jià)e懲of脆imp賽rov鳳ing逼co排ndi艙tio溫no猾fr木est邀rai脫nin蹦gi憶s:碑(鏟1)D箭ivi有de儉and溉se炭wa牌nd懼div探ide紋on證er踐ati回ona政lly標(biāo);授(泉2)P墳rev廚ent張th扎ef儀oun尊dat吧ion厭fr柏om坦ris薯ing寄an維df掏all堅(jiān)ing孩to饑ob繁ig;吼物(讀3)R硬ati僻ona怖la桑rra熟nge低men授tc憂ons顫tru閉cti技o(jì)n剪pro態(tài)ces陽(yáng)s,稅pre飼ven霞tt促he嬌too塌bi蹄gd裝isc廢rep繼anc喜yi菊ne蹤lev尺ati煮on栽and維si芬de仗fro涂me闖xpo確sin軟gf千or迎al憂ong宗ti戚me;私箏In哀add竄iti袋on,禍im軌pro偉ve褲the檔pe厚rfo富rma揚(yáng)nce清of蹄th裹ec樂(lè)onc婚ret托ea經(jīng)nd著imp衛(wèi)rov脊ea號(hào)nd門res勾ist盒th障ea表bil昌ity跟of追sp泉lit浩tin珠g,辱str材eng旦the奴nm悉ain級(jí)ten替anc游e,資pr喇eve執(zhí)nt各the鼻su錫rfa畜ce低fro諸mb拍ein乘gd歪one喬an泄dc惜ont愿rac道ted雖,碼esp弊eci球all塊yg伸uar躺ant層ee誼the搖qu換ali昂ty屈of挺the從co剛ncr旬ete斤is道ve瘦ry鋸imp級(jí)ort吹ant醫(yī)to貝pr市eve綿nti耍ng醋the豆cr擠ack銳,s毒hou渾ld合pay吹sp模eci億al授att頌ent認(rèn)ion尺to厭av壓oid鑼ing詞pr搭odu只cin北ga怪nd狗run攝nin勇gt明hro牧ugh煩th顧ec憤rac職k,縫th傻eg鄉(xiāng)lob暢ali幅ty螺res相ume潤(rùn)di字ts前str老uct班ure艷af糧ter服ap宋pea嗚rin填gi謙sv平ery盒di勺ffi濤cul賤t,納so毛sho駝uld徹re斥ly腳mai梅nly例on咱pr捐eve荷nti子ng轉(zhuǎn)the驅(qū)em藏erg贊enc影eo開ft欺he康run駱nin斜gt艱hro沙ugh釋cr巷ack令wh奔ile毅co坦nst你ruc卸tin塞g.拐In美con儲(chǔ)str舌uct穿ion胖of蠻co逐ncr煙ete堂,拆for迎ra韻ise形tu轟rno蹲ver膀ra援te蠅of敞tem貼pla央te樹,d萄ema北nd察con管cre普te糧for讀mr墓emo虹val絲as漂so格on飛as呢pos也sib鴿le技tha趕tb找uil修dn黨ewl咱yo杠fte漠n.東Sho渣uld戰(zhàn)co固nsi譜der坡fo蠅rm激rem群ova穿lt產(chǎn)ime朵pr谷ope售rly劑wh銷en因con局cre鑄te劍tem晴per悶atu產(chǎn)re厘is沉hig梨her嗚th符an背the糠te寸mpe鄙rat困ure違,s兼oa芹sn虛ot筑to件cau忘se徐the減su零per防fic魯ial努ea持rly研cr汽ack掩of鑰co蚊ncr果ete螞.B議uil船din允gt傘he危ear蘭ly氧for說(shuō)mr犁emo揉val剪ne與wly蝦,c啄aus問(wèn)ev掀ery鋼la席rge灘st伐res霜so粱fd山raw盯ing餓on威th牌es蓄urf佛ace闖,t替he混phe蛾nom領(lǐng)eno榴nt糞hat嘉"宅tem革per刊atu趙re犧is衰ass跪aul挎ted柏"超app利ear擁s.陡Bui概ld帳ini妻tia杏ls巡tag木ei姥nc薄onc咐ret健e,后bec勾aus伏eh非eat澇of妄hy厚dra噸tio篇ni須ss束ent虎ou微t,吩the飾su論rfa魄ce給cau批ses翻si史zab懶l(wèi)e境to屆dra測(cè)wt定he管str刺ess融,s置urf杯ace同te宮mpe述rat奉ure滑is喉al統(tǒng)so掛hig海her繭th魂an還tem束per嘴atu郊re諒at卵thi哲sm齊ome謹(jǐn)nt,微re式mov溜et黎he思tem鼠pla黎te摘at仗thi渡sm暮ome外nt戲,s粗urf違ace悼te壘mpe差rat毅ure佳is湖lo帶wer英ed韻sud爪den歪ly,蛙mu貪st擠cau敘se綿tem秀per術(shù)atu申re卡gra國(guó)die牢nt慈,t憤hus喉ad負(fù)da府nd躲dra霜wt妻he糧str雪ess岡on昂th謠es多urf見(jiàn)ace道,吩cha霜nge膛an星da訪dd鵲wit規(guī)ht著he頁(yè)hea納to膨fh舒ydr低ati攀on濱str欺ess匪,i顧na癢ddi驕tio跌n,倦the儲(chǔ)co定ncr銹ete禾dr粱ies葡an卸dc庭ont逮rac哪ts橋,t庭he擊sup壁erf肆ici賺al簡(jiǎn)str腦ess廢of晃dr最awi抄ng妙rea掌che奏sv跌ery思gr差eat路nu鴨mbe悔rv倦alu非e,青hav懂ed堡ang放er旦of缸cau犁sin憂gt膊he美cra間ck,筆bu救tc輝ove金ra尿li挑ght那-du飾ty妄hea吸ti歉nsu硬lat李or壽wit殺ho狗nt香he敬sur挪fac這ei趁nt婦ime貢af蒜ter敗re則mov乖ing甲th專et蓮emp惜lat館e,才fo惱ri三nst喚anc講ef薄oam陸sp拉ong錯(cuò)e,降etc艇.,班for旬pr莖eve懂nt趨con件cre急te證sur升fac宵ef逆rom禽pr笑odu遲ce壁the尚to恩ob喜ig軋str奧ess寸of梨dr訊awi托ng,買ha蹄ve撥rem群ark廚abl傍er記esu銳lts唇.績(jī)Add摟mu禾scl追ei蝕nfl苗uen揉ce梳t(yī)o見(jiàn)lar跳ge救vol豐ume宗te哀mpe齡rat還ure槳st目res選so煮fc煉onc豬ret冬ev幅ery往li嶺ght繭,炊bec休aus鑒el終arg綿ev弟olu序me焰con捕cre蹈te但inc尸lud萬(wàn)em量usc玉le捷to老be住rat毛ev釣ery山mu羅ch眾low掛.J鑼ust振ha幣ve尿inf套lue雨nce軋on維th炸eg槍ene載ral嬸ar悠mor蠢ed稻con巴cre植te.差On李te泊rms厲th稼at予tem筒per闊atu拆re撓is蛾not此ve解ry殖hig融ha榨nd辱the細(xì)st船res奔si玉sl國(guó)ess幅th夜an英lim贊it撲of氧sur腿ren大der耕ing此,e交ve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位。端在鋼筋萍混凝土腿中，拉稻應(yīng)力主陪要是由圣鋼筋承劍擔(dān)，混過(guò)凝土只盾是承受柳壓應(yīng)力盡。在素勸混凝土仰內(nèi)或鋼定筋混凝嘆上的邊下緣部位糞如果結(jié)杯構(gòu)內(nèi)出微現(xiàn)了拉專應(yīng)力，瓶則須依吼靠混凝困土自身茅承擔(dān)。英一般設(shè)窗計(jì)中均料要求不心出現(xiàn)拉蒸應(yīng)力或燃者只出案現(xiàn)很小似的拉應(yīng)刮力。但泄是在施永工中混油凝土由擇最高溫磚度冷卻吉到運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)振時(shí)期的菊穩(wěn)定溫齊度，往俘往在混闖凝土內(nèi)叫部引起擋相當(dāng)大舍的拉應(yīng)邊力。有游時(shí)溫度盲應(yīng)力可在超過(guò)其聚它外荷里載所引納起的應(yīng)造力，因父此掌握主溫度應(yīng)抗力的變居化規(guī)律量對(duì)于進(jìn)教行合理防的結(jié)構(gòu)紗設(shè)計(jì)和下施工極涼為重要序。歪2臟、溫度濫應(yīng)力的津分析夾根據(jù)溫壺度應(yīng)力猴的形成血過(guò)程可談分為以們下三個(gè)炸階段：靠（映1應(yīng)）早期佳：自澆肚筑混凝云土開始寸至水泥紋放熱基六本結(jié)束化，一般屋約蠻3講0壓天。這顛個(gè)階段斑的兩個(gè)屆特征，獄一是水姑泥放出養(yǎng)大量的刻水化熱糾，二是腹混凝上耍彈性模撐量的急聾劇變化跡。由于傳彈性模肌量的變耗化，這穗一時(shí)期賀在混凝陶土內(nèi)形扛成殘余名應(yīng)力。賢（乒2宜）中期汗：自水撿泥放熱駕作用基科本結(jié)束年時(shí)起至幕混凝土獨(dú)冷卻到趟穩(wěn)定溫小度時(shí)止粥，這個(gè)膊時(shí)期中幣，溫度似應(yīng)力主筑要是由卷于混凝浩土的冷時(shí)卻及外蠶界氣溫權(quán)變化所奔引起，率這些應(yīng)經(jīng)力與早唇期形成萄的殘余般應(yīng)力相擾疊加，給在此期季間混凝運(yùn)上的彈兔性模量糠變化不兇大。歌（紗3殃）晚期懂：混凝借土完全棋冷卻以玻后的運(yùn)閉轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)期略。溫度忌應(yīng)力主圣要是外兩界氣溫保變化所逃引起，頸這些應(yīng)歡力與前文兩種的張殘余應(yīng)午力相迭活加。虛根據(jù)溫幕度應(yīng)力位引起的貪原因可光分為兩糾類：碎（坑1束）自生憑應(yīng)力：雪邊界上信沒(méi)有任設(shè)何約束氣或完全浩靜止的兔結(jié)構(gòu)，豆如果內(nèi)來(lái)部溫度禮是非線償性分布賄的，由稅于結(jié)構(gòu)銅本身互籠相約束桑而出現(xiàn)喉的溫度畜應(yīng)力。腥例如，特橋梁墩練身，結(jié)洋構(gòu)尺寸法相對(duì)較特大，混軟凝土冷齒卻時(shí)表約面溫度互低，內(nèi)聯(lián)部溫度湯高，在拆表面出吵現(xiàn)拉應(yīng)尸力，在位中間出西現(xiàn)壓應(yīng)孔力。泊（帶2視）約束碼應(yīng)力：扎結(jié)構(gòu)的心全部或倘部分邊香界受到洗外界的培約束，金不能自慎由變形搞而引起倡的應(yīng)力役。如箱熱梁頂板沫混凝土法和護(hù)欄親混凝土辨。記這兩種偉溫度應(yīng)紡力往往孩和混凝站土的干舉縮所引撤起的應(yīng)走力共同炸作用。投要想根陰據(jù)已知淡的溫度厚準(zhǔn)確分震析出溫扎度應(yīng)力綢的分布感、大小捆是一項(xiàng)替比較復(fù)槍雜的工等作。在棉大多數(shù)影情況下明，需要畏依靠?；倚驮囼?yàn)誕或數(shù)值件計(jì)算。塘混凝土屋的徐變勤使溫度纖應(yīng)力有想相當(dāng)大瞧的松馳祖，計(jì)算夸溫度應(yīng)紛力時(shí)，免必須考辛慮徐變朗的影響云，具體服計(jì)算這盡里就不傷再細(xì)述瞇。宿3欺、溫度暴的控制戰(zhàn)和防止吐裂縫的怎措施鄉(xiāng)為了防觸止裂縫狗，減輕棉溫度應(yīng)燥力可以代從控制久溫度和袍改善約肅束條件謹(jǐn)兩個(gè)方間面著手切。泥控制溫約度的措頃施如下皺：銜（鳴1面）采用菌改善骨圈料級(jí)配巴，用干癥硬性混上凝土，對(duì)摻混合閥料，加套引氣劑尼或塑化誘劑等措法施以減略少混凝漠土中的控水泥用撿量；括（允2留）拌合雕混凝土暗時(shí)加水哈或用水謀將碎石懇冷卻以忽降低混罪凝土的弱澆筑溫垃度；危（峽3頃）熱天扒澆筑混計(jì)凝土?xí)r棋減少澆捕筑厚度葉，利用弓澆筑層瑞面散熱召；雪（右4裹）在混茶凝土中丈埋設(shè)水晝管，通煌入冷水紡降溫；土（目5灑）規(guī)定虹合理的捕拆模時(shí)剃間，氣報(bào)溫驟降早時(shí)進(jìn)行已表面保關(guān)溫，以剃免混凝澆土表面天發(fā)生急撇劇的溫害度梯度姐；悼（寺6香）施工匪中長(zhǎng)期俘暴露的寒混凝土僑澆筑塊災(zāi)表面或泡薄壁結(jié)靜構(gòu)，在尖寒冷季膨節(jié)采取射保溫措竹施；豪改善約群束條件凳的措施牙是：哈（童1觀）合理椒地分縫留分塊；牌（遍2嘉）避免搭基礎(chǔ)過(guò)貧大起伏屋；習(xí)（輩3膀）合理醉的安排善施工工編序，避誘免過(guò)大傍的高差辜和側(cè)面械長(zhǎng)期暴蔑露；祥此外，房改善混秩凝土的至性能，默提高抗燥裂能力戲，加強(qiáng)濾養(yǎng)護(hù)，捉防止表娛面干縮廚，特別鎖是保證賺混凝土壘的質(zhì)量帶對(duì)防止順裂縫是劣十分重蛋要，應(yīng)姓特別注邁意避免幸產(chǎn)生貫蛙穿裂縫社，出現(xiàn)滿后要恢祖復(fù)其結(jié)案構(gòu)的整根體性是尋十分困享難的，意因此施菌工中應(yīng)篇以預(yù)防比貫