零基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)班

零基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)班零基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)班講義七年級(jí)（上）一、相關(guān)學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)1.also.either>too>aswell表示也區(qū)分also可以用在句中、句首，確定句否定句都可以either用在句末，用逗號(hào)隔開，只用在否定疑問(wèn)句中too用在句末，用逗號(hào)隔開，只用在確定句中aswell?？梢院蛅oo互換，只是用在句末不用逗號(hào)隔開2.Miss、Mrs、Ms、Mr區(qū)分Miss小姐常指未婚女土，還可用來(lái)表示對(duì)女老師的稱呼Mrs夫人常指已婚女士Ms女士指不明婚姻狀況，或者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明其婚姻狀況Mr先生指全部的男士，可以用來(lái)表示對(duì)男老師的稱呼留意：這四個(gè)詞首字母都要大寫，與姓氏名詞連用不行以單獨(dú)運(yùn)用。3.same相同的與定冠詞the連用，后接名稱單數(shù)different不同的無(wú)定冠詞，后接名稱復(fù)數(shù)4.favoriteadj.最喜愛(ài)的無(wú)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)5.widemouth大嘴；而bigmouth多嘴多舌6.both兩者都all三者或三者以上都bothand二者都eitheror或者或者neithernor既不也不7.looklike看起來(lái)像lookthesame看起來(lái)一樣8.幫助某人做某事Helpsb.（to）do/withsth.9.haveaseat二takeaseat=sitdown請(qǐng)坐10.forget/remember+todosth.忘了/記得要做某事（沒(méi)做） doingsth.忘T/記得做過(guò)某事（做完了）11.ononeswayhome在某人回家的路上12.find找尋（的結(jié)果）lookfor找尋（的過(guò)程）13.thanksb.fordoingsth.感謝某人做某事14.Itstimetodosth.到了該做某事的時(shí)候了15.詢問(wèn)某人的職業(yè)Whatdo/doessb.do?Whatissb.?Whatisonesjob?16.lookafter=takecareof照看、照作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：Whosisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.4,人稱彳弋詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus其次人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem（二）、物主代詞的用法1.表示全部關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。2.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.4.名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主語(yǔ)）IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表語(yǔ)） No.Mineisinmybag.I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作賓語(yǔ)）數(shù)人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine其次人稱youryourshishis第三人稱herhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours其次人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thisisnotmypencil-box.（I）isinthebag.2.Treesareplantedin（we）countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.3.IsthatbikeMissGaos?Yes,itis（she）.Beautiful,isntit?4.Help(you)tosomefruit,Jack.5.Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?Nobody.Helearntallby(he).6.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but(we)isfromEngland.7.Marysanswerisdifferentfrom(I).8.Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout(you)?Mine?Oh,twominutesslow.9.Samismybrother.Doyouliketoplaywith(he)?10.Didyouenjoy(you),MaryandKate?(三)反身代詞的用法英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示自己，等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。1.作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。指同一個(gè)人或一些人。Hecalledhimselfawriter. WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?2.作表語(yǔ)。Itdoesntmatter.I11bemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.3.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）Youshouldaskthe語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）Youshouldaskthe語(yǔ)）I myself我自己己he himself他自己己it itself它自己teacherhimself. (作賓語(yǔ)同位you yourself你自she herself她自we ourselves我們自己youyourselves你們自己theythemselves他們自己1.byoneself單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)自的2.enjoyoneself玩的開心3.helponeselfto自用 4.dressoneself自己穿衣服5.saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)6.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自學(xué)（四）指示代詞的用法指示代詞包括：this,that,these,those。1.this和these指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人， that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例：Thisisapenandthatisapencil.Wearebusythesedays.Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.2.有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物例：Ihadacold.That,swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.3.有時(shí)為了避開重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替例：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.4.this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。例：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?（五）疑問(wèn)代詞的用法 疑問(wèn)代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特別疑問(wèn)句中，一般在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主語(yǔ)）Whatisthat?（作表語(yǔ)）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定語(yǔ)）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作賓語(yǔ)）（六）不定代詞的用法不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞有：some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。（七）相互代詞的用法表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有eachother和oneanother兩種形式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，eachother和oneanother沒(méi)有什么區(qū)分。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用全部格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（賓語(yǔ)） Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（賓語(yǔ)）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.定語(yǔ)Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother?smistakesintheirhomework.（作定語(yǔ)）1Thesearebooks.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine2isshe?Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork4Mary,helptothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5doyougotoschooleveryday?Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6Myskirtispopularthan.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers7CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly.AfewBafewClittleDalittle8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof.AIBmeCmyDmine9doyouhearfromyourparents? Aboutonceamonth.AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch10MrGreenwouldn'tsayatthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething11Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgivehertoeat.Goodidea!Aamonth.anythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething12Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?Idon'tmind.timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth13Thisisnotherkite,but.AhesBhimCheDhis14Don'tworry,Mum!newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo三、數(shù)詞（一）分類1.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少；序數(shù)詞：表示先后依次?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞：1）序數(shù)詞第一、其次和第三為first,second和third,其他序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成是在基數(shù)詞后加th2）fifth（第五）、eigth（第八）、ninth（第九）和twelfth（第十二）3）二十、三十等基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí),要把y變成ie再加-th。例如：twentytwentiethfortyfortieth4）基數(shù)詞幾十幾變成序數(shù)詞時(shí),表示幾十的數(shù)詞不變,只把表示幾的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞。例如：twenty-onetwenty-firstforty-fiveforty-fifth5）第一百、第一千、第一百萬(wàn)、第十億都是在基數(shù)詞后干脆加th構(gòu)成。例如：第一百hundredth；第一千thousandth； 第一百萬(wàn)millionth第十億billionth6）序數(shù)詞的縮略是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最終兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成例如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th看17.helponeselfto隨意吃/喝18.eatout在外面吃；eatin在家吃；eatup吃光、吃完19.whatcanIdoforyou?=canIhelpyou?我能為你做些什么20.tryon試穿當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是名詞放在中間和后面都可以，但假如是代詞it、them確定要放在中間。Howdoyoulike?=Whatdoyouthinkof?你認(rèn)為怎么樣？22.怎么了?whatswrong?=whatsthematter?=whatsup?24.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法（順讀法和逆讀法）練習(xí)題1.Ilikethepants.CanI?AtryitonBtrythemonCtryonitDtryonthemMyparentsofficeworkers.AareallBarebothCallareDbothare3.Itstimenow.Agotoschool BgohomeCtogotothehome Dtogotothezoo4.Herparentsareboth.AcookBcooksCcookerDcookers5.Helpyourselfsomefish.AtoBwithCinDon6.Theboyhisfather.AislookBlooksClookslikeDlooksthesame7.Dontforgetyourschoolbaghome.AtakeBtotakeCbringDtobring8.ThatboyisTom.aregoodfriends.AIandheBHeandmeCIandhimDHeandI9.TomandIbigeyesandwidemouths.AarebothBbothareChavebothDbothhave10.Whatwouldyoulike,teaororange?thanks,Iwantwater.AallBbothCneitherDeither二、重，點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法1.詞類及基本句型名詞：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名稱 動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞） 形容詞：修飾名詞、代詞。的副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。地基本句型一：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）基本句型二：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)基本句型三：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)基本句型四：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+干脆賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)基本句型五：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)基本句型六：Therebe句型練習(xí)：Hemadetheboylaugh. 2.Tomsmothersoundedworried.Myfatheroftenreadsnewspaperaftersupper. 4.Wegavethemsomemoney. 5.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.6.Allofusconsideredhimhonest. 7.Classesbeginateighteveryday. 8.Thereportsoundsinteresting. 9.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?10,Thepainmadehimcryout. 11.Youshouldstudyhard. 12.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthehospital. 13.Theypushthedooropen.2.名詞的分類及數(shù)（1）名詞一般名詞可數(shù)名詞不行數(shù)名詞 專出名詞表人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、事物、組織的專用名稱（2）名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則（3）特別的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)意義單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)意義footfeet腳；英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齒womanwomen婦女childchildren基礎(chǔ)oxoxen牛basisbases孩子phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象（4）單復(fù)數(shù)相同fishchickenfruitdeersheepmeans（方式）Swiss（瑞士人）ChineseJapaneseworks（工廠）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜數(shù)量頭）（5）名詞形式上是單數(shù)，意義上是復(fù)數(shù)cattle牛（總稱）、people人民、police警察、staff全體員工（6）學(xué)科類名詞，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上是單數(shù)politics政治；physics物理；maths數(shù)學(xué)（7）不行數(shù)名詞常見(jiàn)易錯(cuò)：advice建議；furniture家具；equipment設(shè)備；fun樂(lè)趣；information信息；paper名氏；work工作；progress進(jìn)步；traffic交通；housework家務(wù)勞動(dòng)；wealth財(cái)寶。（8）有些名詞既可做可數(shù)又可做不行數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不行數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不行數(shù)glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危急人物危急room房間空間time次數(shù)倍數(shù)時(shí)間work工廠工程工作life生命生活3.名詞全部格（1）有生命的在詞尾加s；無(wú)生命的用of+名詞（2）雙重全部格構(gòu)成 a/an/this/that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞全部格留意：of前的名詞確定要有a/an/this/that等限定詞0f前的名詞不能是專出名詞of后的名詞必需是特定的指認(rèn)的名詞如：thesebooksofmyfriendsafriendofmyfathersafriendofmine練習(xí)題1.Thisisreading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachers2.Nothingwasfoundbutbroken.A.theroomwindow B.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmanywouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Pleasegetmeanewwhenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers5.Thereare34doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.womansD.womens6.Heisold,buthehas todoeveryday.A.alotofwork B.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworks D.quitealotofhomeworks7.Thereremanyinmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps8.YesterdayIwenttothemarketandboughtalotof.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats9.TodayisSeptember10th.ItsDay.Letsgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.ATeachersBTeachersCtheTeachersDTeachers10.Wheresyourfather?At.AMrGreensBMrGreenCtheMrGreensDMrGreens11.Hefoundtwointheroom.AphotosBherosCtomatosDpotatos12.Thistableismadeof.AmanyglassBglassesCsomeglassesDglass13.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree?AleafsBlesvesCleafDleave14.Thesonaskedhismothertobuyglassesforhim.AatypeofBapileofCapieceofDapairof15.Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.Acup BpieceCboxDpair16.Whatdoyouthinkofthethere? Theyareverydelicious.AcakesBmeatCriceDmilk4.常用的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)時(shí)（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：表示常常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或常存在的狀態(tài)；客觀真理構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are)+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(單三)+動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(s/es)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often、usually>every(day>week>month)(2)~1般過(guò)去時(shí)用法：表示過(guò)去技常?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞(was、were)+表語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday、atthattime、last(week>month>year)(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法：表示將要發(fā)生的事情或存在的事情構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+will/shaH(第一人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形 表示未經(jīng)事先思索的意圖，表明說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)、主觀意識(shí) 主語(yǔ)+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形 表示已經(jīng)確定或支配要做的事，客觀跡象表明必定或可能發(fā)生的事，表示自然現(xiàn)象 主語(yǔ)+beto+動(dòng)詞原形 表示支配中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必需去做或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 主語(yǔ)+beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形(常與when連用) 表示主觀要做的事，常與when連用練習(xí)1.Nancyisnotcomingtothepartytonight.Butshemeshedloveto.AtellsBtoldCwilltellDisgoingtotell2.IfIfindhistelephonenumber,Iyou.AtellBtold CistellingDwilltell3.Jimtoworkinhishomeafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.AgoesBwentCwillgoDhavegone4.KeeppracticingandyouyourEnglish.AimproveBwillimproveCimprovingDimproves5.WhenJimtoNewYork? YesterdayAdoes;getBdid;getCwill;getDhas;got6.Teachertoldustheeartharoundthesun.AtravelledBtravelsCwilltravelDtravelling7.Annisinhospital.I,Iher.Adidntknow;willseeBknows;willseeCknows;sees Ddidntknow;saw七年級(jí)（下）一、相關(guān)學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)1.頻度副詞：always>usually、often>sometimes、seldom、neverHowoften多久一次，對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)2.havearest=haveabreak3.ontime按時(shí)；intime剛好4.Whatdayisittoday?詢問(wèn)星期Whatisthedatetoday?詢問(wèn)日期5.whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulike?你認(rèn)為怎么樣？ 6.obeythetrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則7.whatelse?還有什么嗎？else別的、其他的常置于疑問(wèn)代詞或不定代詞后面8.learnfrom從中學(xué)習(xí)9.infrontof 在的前面（范圍之內(nèi)） inthefrontof在的前面（范圍之外）10.onthewall在墻的表面inthewall在墻的內(nèi)部11.getaletterfromsb.=hearfrom收到某人來(lái)信12.hear/seesb.dosth 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/望見(jiàn)某人做某事（全過(guò)程）doingsth聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/望見(jiàn)某人正在某事13.loseoneslife丟失，失去生命14.Itsonesturntodosth.輪到某人該做某事了 15.whattime、when什么時(shí)候 whattime通常對(duì)幾點(diǎn)幾分提問(wèn)；when可以對(duì)年月日提問(wèn)16.hundred、thousand詞，前面有明確數(shù)字時(shí)，不加s和of 當(dāng)前面沒(méi)有明確數(shù)字時(shí)，既可加s又可加of17.toonessurprise令某人驚訝的是18.begoodat/dowellindoingsth.擅長(zhǎng)做某事19.haveagood/nice/wonderfultime=havefun20.notanymore=nomore不再（動(dòng)作） notanylonger=nolonger不再（時(shí)間）21.withoneshelp=withthehelpofsb.在的幫助下22.atonce=rightnow立即、立亥23.tellsb.alie撒謊；tellsb.thetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話24.makeawish許愿25.Whatstheweatherlike.?.？???的天氣怎么樣？ Howstheweatherin....？26.Itisdiffcult/hardtodosth.做某事是很困難的27.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事28.Itisthebesttimetodosth.是做某事的最好時(shí)間了29.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞：1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)接著或保持一種狀況或看法，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand3）表像系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,4）感官系動(dòng)詞，感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,5）改變系動(dòng)詞，這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，改變系動(dòng)詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.30ebacktolife復(fù)蘇、醒悟、復(fù)活31.bebusydoingsth./withsth.忙于某事32.placesofinterest名勝古跡33.puton穿上takeoff脫下34.preparefor為??.做打算35.stayup熬夜不睡3