2015清華生物金秋營放送版

14年整體簽約情況：160人左右通過審核，主要是銀牌與部分銅牌及省一；72其余人獲得降40分錄取。15年規(guī)模預(yù)估： 生科院招生規(guī)模約為90人左右，今年國賽現(xiàn)場金牌已保送30，其中有10多人將去醫(yī)學(xué) 共約50人左右已入坑。綜合考慮到 年留給生物營降分的人數(shù)應(yīng)在20人左右。審核方面，對于強省省一，也將有更 同學(xué)能參與選拔過程，預(yù)計過審人數(shù)仍為100+。面試每年略有不同，大致包括自我介紹、英文專業(yè)文章閱讀以及高中生活相生物化學(xué)-589nm；解析蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)用什么硫氨酸)可通過S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)提供“活性甲基”(一碳單位)（CDK 工程相關(guān)20題左右，如：如何將DNA導(dǎo)入酵母細胞；各類限制酶的1

面試共分六組，每組三位教授；一一進行單面。面試內(nèi)容既包括生物專業(yè)問題，也涉及學(xué)生生活的方方面面。前一部分請關(guān)注生物科技方面的與（如新鮮出爐的諾貝爾獎），后面一部分則可以比對參照的自主招生面試試題。 （GoldenRice）。 該課程為針對金秋營的模擬面試培訓(xùn)，歡迎市獲得生物聯(lián)賽一等獎以上獎項，元（含建檔費外地學(xué)員需先建檔方可報名?，F(xiàn)場將筆試、面試相關(guān)模擬題與真回憶與自招面試等。登陸http 本科生考試試題紙 考試課 Biochemistry 2005 1月 說明：1.1－402分，答案可能是一個或多個，請將本卷滿分為100Whichcompoundlinksglycolysis,nucleotidesynthesis,andglycogenglucose6-glycerol3- Youhavediscoveredacompoundthatinhibitsfumarase.HowmanymolesofATPwouldyouexpecttobegeneratedfromonemoleofacetyl-CoAinthepresenceofthis56NoATPwouldformunderthese IndicatewhichofthefollowingeventscanoccurduringtheprocessingofeukaryoticmRNAtranscripts.Attaentofapoly(A)tailtothe5’endoftheMethylationofallGExcisionsofConversionofstandardbasestomodifiedbasessuchasSplicingtogetherofDifferentialcuttingandsplicingtoproducetwodifferent AlthoughDNAreplicationhasveryhighfidelity,mutationsdooccur.Whichofthefollowingtypesofsinglebase-pairmutationswouldbemostlikelytobealethalBand WhichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesthenitrogenFixationofatmosphericnitrogenbynitrogen-fixingbacteriayieldsNitrateisreducedtoammoniainaprocessknownasBiologicalnitrogenfixationiscarriedoutbyacomplexofproteinscallthenitrogenasecomplex.AandA,B,and Assumingthe5’ 3’connectionofwritingnucleotidesequence,indicatewhichofthefollowingmRNAcodonscanberecognizedbythetRNAanticodonICG. Both binationandtransposon- occurbetweenhomologousregionsonareimportantintherepairofdamagedinvolveRecAgenerategeneticThetwotypes binationhavenothingin ConsiderthemRNAsequence:(5’)AAUGCAGCUUUAGCA(3’).ThesequenceofthecodingstrandofDNAis: Thesynthesisofpalmitate8acetyl-147AandA,B,and Enoyl-CoAisomeraseisneededforthecomplete-oxidationunsaturatedfattyacidswithcisdoubleodd-numberfattysaturatedfattyunsaturatedfattyacidswithtransdouble WhichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofmanyaminotransferaseTheyhavealarge,negativeTheaminogroupistransferredtoan -ketoacid(suchas-ketoglutarate)toformthecorrespondingaminoacid.TheaminogroupistransferredfromanammoniaTheyarecatalyzedbythesameTheyrequirethecofactorS- IftheG’ofthereactionABis–12kJ/mol,whichofthefollowingstatementsarecorrect?(NotetheprimesymbolmeansthatathermodynamicparameterismeasuredatpH7.0)ThereactionwillproceedspontaneouslyfromlefttorightatthegivenThereactionwillproceedspontaneouslyfromrighttoleftatstandardTheequilibriumconstantfavorstheformationofBovertheformationofTheequilibriumconstantcouldbecalculatediftheinitialconcentrationsofAandBwereknown.ThevalueofG’oisalso WhichofthefollowingisnotaphysiologicalroleofallostericintermediatesforbiosyntheticcomponentsofmanycomponentsofthecoenzymesNAD,FAD,andintracellularsignaling IndicatewhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelacoperonisAllsevengenesaretranscribedintomRNA,whichisthentranslatedintofivedifferentproteins.Therepressorbindstothestructuralgenes,preventingtheirEfficientbindingofRNApolymerasetoDNAoccursonlyinthepresenceofCRPandcAMP.cAMPactsasaninducerbybindingtotheLacIntheabsenceoflactose,therepressorbindstheAmutationintheIgenesuchthatnogeneproductismadeleadstoconstitutiveexpressionoftheZ,Y,andAgenes. Whichpaircorrectlymatchestheenzymewithitsallostericpyruvatekinase;pyruvatedehydrogenase:pyruvatecarboxylase; WhichofthefollowingdescribesfattyacidtransportintothemitochondrialItistherate-limitingstepinfattyacidItisregulatedbymalonyl-ThecytosolicandmatrixpoolsofCoAaredistinctandOncefattyacylgroupshaveenteredthematrix,theyarecommittedtooxidationtoAlloftheaboveare Innucleotidemetabolism,allofthefollowingaretrueThecommitmentstepinpurinebiosynthesisisthetransferofaminogrouptoBothpurineandpyrimidinebiosynthesisareregulatedbyend-productNucleotidescanbesynthesizedinasinglereactionviasalvageDenovopyrimidinesynthesisbeginswithamoleculeofOrotidylateisthecommonprecursorinthebiosynthesisofpyrimidines,andinosinateisthecommonprecursorinthebiosynthesisofthepurinesATPandGTP. Themostefficientwaytoturnoffglycogendegradationisdecreasetheactivityofphosphorylaseincreasetheactivityof increasetheactivityofincreasetheactivityofglycogendecreasetheintracellularlevelsof Insomerespects,theureacycleandthecitricacidcycleareogousprocesses.Ornithineandcitrullinehaverolesthataresimilartothoseofoxaloacetateandwhatothercitricacidcycleintermediate? Indicatewhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemitochondrialelectrontransferandoxidativephosphorylationaretrue.SynthesizedATPmustbetransportedintotheintermembranespacebeforeitcanenterthecytosol.CytochromecandtheF1subunitofATPaseareperipheralmembraneComplexesI,II,IIIandIVareallprotonUbiquinoneisahydrophilicThefinalelectronacceptoris Whichofthefollowingdescribestheactivityandregulationofribonucleotide eand/oritsimportancetothecell?Bothofitsactivityanditssubstratespecificityareregulatedbythebindingofeffectormolecules.ATPincreasestheoverallactivityoftheControloftheenzyme’sactivityensuresabalancedpoolofprecursorsforDNABalancedpoolsofdeoxyribonucleotidesarenecessaryinDNAsynthesis,giventhecomplementarybase-pairingofnucleotidesindouble-strandedDNA.Alloftheaboveare Earlierinitslife,atadpolelivesinanaqueousenvironmentandexcretesmuchofitsexcessnitrogenasammonia.Onceitmaturesintoanadult,thefrogspendsmuchtimeondrylandand esureoic.Whichofthefollowingenzymeactivitieswouldbemostlikelytoincreasedrasticallyintheadultfrog?carbamoylphosphatesynthetaseglutamine-ketoglutarateAnswer(s):ThediscontinuityofeukaryoticgeneswasfirstrevealedusingfootprintingRNAsequenceelectron ysisofRNA-DNAhybridntgenetic AmesTestisusedtoinvestigatewhetherachemicalreagent Asampleofmalonyl-CoAsynthesizedfromradioactive(14Clabeled)HCO3-andunlabeledacetyl-CoAisusedinfattyacidsynthesis.Inwhichcarbon(s)willthefinalfattyacidbelabeled?(RecallthatthecarboxylcarbonisC-1.)everyeveryodd-numberedeveryeven-numberedonlythecarbonfarthestfromC-nopartofthemoleculewillbe NottakingintoaccounttheNADHgeneratedinthemalatedehydrogenasereaction,howmanyhigh-energyphosphatebondsareusedtoformamoleculeofurea,startingfromammoniaandHCO3-?A.B.C.D.E. DNApolymeraseI 5’exonuclease 3’exonucleaseproofreadingpolymerase Theproton-motivegeneratedbytheelectrontransferincludesapH-gradientincludesanelectrical-potentialisusedforactivetransportisusedtosynthesizehasalloftheabove Whichstatementisnottrueofphosphofructokinase-Itisinhibitedbyfructose2,6-ItisactivatedbyItisinhibitedbyItisinhibitedbyATPincreasesitsK0.5forfructose6- SomephotosyntheticprokaryotesuseH2S,hydrogensulfide,insteadofwaterastheirphotosynthetichydrogendonor.HowdoesthischangetheultimateproductsofCarbohydrate(CH2O)isnotH2OisnotOxygenisnotTheproductsdonotAnswer(s):Whichofthefollowinganswerscompletethesentencecorrectly?Surplusdietaryaminoacidsmaybeconvertedintoketoneavarietyofbiomoleculesforwhichtheyare Humanchromosomesareextremelylarge,complexstructures.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlydescribestheorganizationofthehumanchromosomes?Allofthegeneticinformationofthecellisencodedinthenuclear,chromosomalGenesforhistonesandribosomalRNAsarestructuralMostofthechromosomalDNAcodesforAandA,B,and MethylationofGATCsequencesatfrequenciesinE.colicells.TheleadingThelagging

isbelievedtocontrolthecausesprematureterminationofpolypeptidesynthesisbymimickingaminoacyltransferRNA:itisabletoentertheAsiteandacceptthepeptidylgrouptoformapeptidylmolecule,whichhoweverwilldissociatefromtheribosome. WhichofthefollowingcompoundsdonotdirectlyprovideatomstoformthepurineCarbamoyl4NH4 WhichofthefollowingistrueofthecontrolofGlucagonstimulatesadenylylcyclase,causingtheformationofCyclicAMPstimulatesthephosphorylationandthusincreasestheactivityofFBPase-2activitylowerstheleveloffructose-2,6-bisphosphate,thusincreasingtherateofgluconeogenesis.ItisreciprocallylinkedtothecontrolofAlloftheaboveare CarbonfixationinvolvesacondensationreactionbetweenCO2ribulose1,5-fructose6-ribose5- HowdothehormonesepinephrineandglucagondifferintheirmetabolismofOnlyepinephrinestimulatesOnlyglucagonstimulatesOnlyepinephrineactsonOnlyglucagonstimulates Theenzyme(s)responsibleforthetranscriptionofeukaryoticrRNARNApolymeraseIandRNApolymeraseIIand Theenzymaticprocessof“charging”amoleculeoftRNAissimilartootherenzymecatalyzedreactionsyouhaveencounteredinthiscourse.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribessuchsimilarities?Formationofanacyl-adenylateintermediatecoupledtothehydrolysisofpyrophosphateissimilartoreactionsinvolvedinfattyacidactivation.ProofreadingandcorrectingabilitiesthatpreventincorporationofthewrongmoleculeareogoustotheactionofDNApolymerase.Theaminoacyl-tRNAsynthetaseisarelativelynonspecificenzyme(i.e.itcanactivatemanydifferentaminoacids)andintherespectissimilartoribonucleotideredue.AandAandBand Exinwhyskeletalmuscledoesnotcontributeglucosetotheblood.(4points)Answer:Becauseitlackstheenzymeglucose6-phosphatase.Exinwhyuntreateddiabeticsloseweight.(4Answer:Therateoftriacylglycerolbiosynthesisisaffectedbytheactionofseveralhormones,oneofwhichisinsulin.Insulinpromotestheconversionofcarbohydratestotriacylglycerols.Peoplewithseverediabetes,duetofailureofinsulinsecretionoraction,notonlyareunabletouseglucoseproperlybutalsofailtosynthesizefattyacidsfromcarbohydratesoraminoacids.Untreateddiabeticshaveincreasedrateoffatoxidationandketonebodyformation,asaconsequence,loseweight.SupposethatabacterialmutantisfoundtoreplicateitsDNAataverylowrate.Uponysis,itisfoundtohaveentirelynormalactivityofDNApolymerasesIandIII,DNAgyrase,andDNAligase.ItalsomakesnormalamountsandkindsofdnaA,dnaB,dnaC,andSSBproteins.TheoriCregionofitschromosomeisfoundtobeentirelynormalwithrespecttonucleotidesequence.WhatdefectmightaccountfortheabnormallylowofDNAreplicationinthismutant?Exin.(4Answer:AdecreaseintheactivityofprimasewouldaccountforthelowrateofDNAreplication.DNAreplicationrequiresthepriorsynthesisofRNAprimers.DecreasedratesofdNTPsynthesiswouldalsoslowreplication.DescribethreepropertiescommontothereactionscatalyzedbyDNApolymerase,RNApolymerase,andreversetranscriptase.Howistheenzymepolynucleotidephosphorylasedifferentfromtheseenzymes?(8points)Answer:theseenzymeshaveatleastfourpropertiesinAllare tedirected,synthesizingasequencecomplementarytothe Synthesisoccursina5’to3’AllcatalyzetheadditionofanucleotidebytheformationofaphosphodiesterAlluse(deoxy)ribonucleosidetriphosphatesassubstrate,andreleasepyrophosphateasaproduct.Theenzymepolynucleotidephosphorylasediffersfromtheseenzymesinpoints1and4.Itdoesnotuseatemte,butratheraddribonucleotidestoanRNAinahighlyreversiblereaction.Thesubstrates(inthedirectionofsynthesis)areribonucleosidediphosphates,whichareaddedwiththereleaseofphosphateasaproduct.Inthecell,thisenzymeprobablycatalyzesthereversereactiontodegradeRNAs.本科生考試試 考試課程Biochemistry說明：1.（1-30）或?qū)懺诖痤}紙上（31-33IftheG`ofthereactionABis–12kJ/mol,whichofthefollowingstatementsarecorrect?(NotetheprimesymbolmeansthatathermodynamicparameterismeasuredatpH.7.0)(2points)ThereactionwillproceedspontaneouslyfromlefttorightatthegivenThereactionwillproceedspontaneouslyfromrighttoleftatstandardTheequilibriumconstantfavorstheformationofBovertheformationofTheequilibriumconstantcouldbecalculatediftheinitialconcentrationsofAandBwereThevalueofG`oisalsoWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutATPanditsrolesincellsaretrue?(2TheATPmoleculeiskineticallyunstableandisthusconsumedwithinaboutoneminutefollowingitsformationincells.ATPprovides energytoathermodynamicallyunfavorablereactionsbygrouptransfer,alwaysdonatingaPitoformacovalentintermediate.ATPcanberegeneratedbycouplingwithareactionthatreleasesmore energythandoesATPhydrolysis. candriveATPTheactiveformofATPisusuallyinacomplexwithAnswer(s):C,D,AcommonmoietyforNADP,NAD,FMN,FAD,andcoenzymeAis:(2ApyrimidineAthreeringApyranoseAtriphosphateIftheC-1carbonofglucosewerelabeledwith14C,whichofthecarbonatomsinpyruvatewouldbelabeledafterglycolysis?(2points)ThecarboxylateThecarbonylThemethylWhichofthefollowingaremetabolicproductsofpyruvateinhigherorganisms?(2LacticIndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepentosephosphatepathwayistrue(T)orfalse(F).(5points)ItgeneratesNADHforreductivebiosyntheses.Thereactionsoccurinthecytosol.Transketolaseandtransaldolaselinkthispathwaytogluconeogenesis.Itismoreactiveinmusclecellsthaninfat-storagecells.Itinterconvertstrioses,tetroses,pentoses,hexoses,andheptoses.Whichofthefollowingstatementsarecorrect?Thecitricacidcycle(2doesnotexistassuchinntsandbacteria,becauseitsfunctionsareperformedbytheglyoxylatecycle.oxidizesacetylCoAderivedfromfattyacidproducesmostoftheCO2inanaerobicprovidessuccinylCoAforthesynthesisofprovidesprecursorsforthesynthesisofglutamicandasparticMatchthecofactorsofthepyruvatedehydrogenasecomplexwiththeircorrespondingenzymecomponentsandwiththeirrolesintheenzymaticstepsthatarelisted.(5points)CoenzymeA:NAD+:2,Thiaminepyrophosphate(TPP):1,Lipoamide:3,OxidizesthehydroxylethylAcceptstheacetylgroupfromProvidesalong,flexiblearmthatcoveysintermediatestodifferentenzymeOxidizesMatchingtheroleinfattyacidoxidationand/ormobilizationtotheappropriatecomponentlistedbelow.(5points)Bilesalt:Serum Actsasa“carrier”offattyacidsacrosstheinnermitochondrialActsasabiologicaldetergent,disruptingfatglobulesintosmallmixedBindsandtransportstriacylglycerols,phospholipids,andcholesterolbetweenBindssomefattyacidsmolibizedfromadipocytesandtransportstheminthebloodtoheartandskeletalmuscle.Whichofthefollowinganswerscompletethesentencecorrectly?Surplusdietaryaminoacidsmaybeconvertedinto(2points)ketoneavarietyofbiomoleculesforwhichtheyareAnswer(s):A,B,C,Whichofthefollowingcompoundsservesasanacceptorfortheaminogroupsofmanyaminoacidsduringmetabolism?(2points)Matchthefunctionsforthecoenzymesthatareinvolvedinaminoacidmetabolism.(4Pyridoxalphosphate:CoenzymeB12: NAD+: BiotinCarriesCarriesaminoWhichofthefollowingexperimentalobservationswouldnotsupportthechemiosmoticmodelofoxidativephosphorylation?(3points)Ifmitochondrialmembranesareruptured,oxidativephosphorylationcannotRaisingthepHofthefluidintheintermembranespaceresultsinATPsynthesisintheTransferofelectronsthroughtherespiratorychainresultsinformationofaprotongradientacrosstheinnermitochondrialmembrane.TheorientationoftheenzymecomplexesoftheelectrontransferchainresultsinaunidirectionalflowofH+.RadioactivelylabeledinorganicphosphateisincorporatedintocytosolicATPonlyinthepresenceofanH+gradientacrosstheinnermitochondrialmembrane.SomephotosyntheticprokaryotesuseH2S,hydrogensulfide,insteadofwaterastheirphotosynthetichydrogendonor.Howdoesthischangetheultimateproductsofphotosynthesis?(2Carbohydrate(CH2O)isnotH2OisnotOxygenisnotTheproductsdonotWhichofthefollowingareconstituentsofchlorophylls?(2SubstitutedIron Theobservationthattheincubationofphotosyntheticalgaewith14CO2inthelightforaverybrieftime(5s)ledtotheformationof14C-labeled3-phosphoglyceratesuggestedthatthe14CO2wascondensingwithsometwo-carbonacceptor.Thatacceptorwasinfactwhichofthefollowing?(2AcetylAcetylGlycerolNoneoftheWhichofthefollowingarecommonfeaturesofthesynthesesofmevalonate(anintermediateofcholesterolbiosynthesis)andketonebodies?(2points)BothrequireBothrequiretheHMG-CoAcleavageBothoccurintheBothoccurinliverS-adenosylmethionineisinvolveddirectlyinwhichofthefollowingreactions.(3MethyltransfertophosphatidylSynthesisofglycinefromSynthesisofConversionofhomocysteinetoGenerationofthe5`capoftheeukaryoticWhichofthefollowingdoesnotprovideacarbonskeletonforthesynthesisofaminoacids?(2Whichofthefollowingcompoundsdirectlyprovideatomstoformthepurinering?(3Carbamoyl4NH4Answer(s):A,C,D,E,Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutribonucleotide earetrue?(2Itconvertsribonucleosidediphosphatesinto2`-deoxyribonucleosidediphosphatesinItcontainscoenzymeB12,whichgeneratesradicalsneededfortheItacceptselectronsdirectlyfromItreceiveselectronsdirectlyfromeitherthioredoxinorItcontainstwokindsofallostericregulatorysites:oneforcontrollingtheoverallactivityandtheotherforcontrollingthesubstratespecificity.Answer(s):A,D, BiosyntheticpathwaysthatrequireNADPHincludewhichofthefollowing?(2FattyacidKetonebodyCholesterol binationinE.coliislikelytorequirewhichofthefollowing?(3DnaBRecARecBCDSingle-strandDNAbindingAnswer(s):B,C,D,E,F,H,I,WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutE.colipromotersarecorrect?(2TheymayexhibitdifferenttranscriptionFormostgenestheyincludevariantsofconsensusTheyspecifythestartsitesfortranscriptionontheDNAtemTheyhaveidenticalanddefiningTheyareactivatedwhenCorGresiduesaresubstitutedintotheir–10regionsbyThosethathavesequencesthatcorrespondcloselytotheconsensussequencesandareseparatedby17basepairsareveryefficient.Answer(s):A,B,C,TheAAUAAAsequenceonaRNAmoleculemarks(2ThesitewhereribosomesbindtoinitiatepolypeptideThesitewheretranscriptionThesitenearwhichtheprimarytranscriptiscleavedandapoly(A)sequenceisThesitewherethereleasefactorwillbindtoendpolypeptideThesitewherepolyribonucleotidephosphorylasewilladdastretchofrandomThe70subunitoftheE.coliRNApolymerase:(2actsasthecatalyticsiteforRecognizeHasaproofreadingIncreasestheprocessivityoftheRecognizesterminationThediscontinuityofeukaryoticgeneswerefirstrevealedby:(2UsingfootprintingRNAsequenceElectronmicroscopicysisofRNA-DNAhybridntgeneticWhichofthefollowingmRNAcodonscanberecognizedbythetRNAanticodonICG.(2Answer(s):B,D,Anewcompound,vivekine,wasrecentlydiscoveredbyacleverundergraduatestudent.Itwasisolatedfrombacteriafoundindeepsea-dwellingorganisms.Vivekineinhibitsproteinsynthesisineukaryotes:Proteinsynthesiscaninitiate,butonlydipeptidesareformedandtheseremainboundtotheribosome.Thistoxinaffectseukaryoticproteinsynthesisbyblockingthe:(2points)bindingofformylmethionyl-tRNAtoactivityofelongationactivationofaminorecognitionofstopformationofpeptideIndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsaboutprokaryotictranslationistrue(T)or(7Anaminoacyl-tRNAsynthetasecatalyzesformationofanesterbond.( AnmRNAmoleculecannotbeusedtodirectproteinsynthesisuntilithasbeencomple transcribed.( ThepositioningoffMet-tRNAontheAsitedefinesthereadingframe. ingaminoacyl-tRNAarefirstboundtotheAsite. Formationofthe70Sinitiationcomplexrequiresaninputofenergy. Thecarboxylgroupoftheaminoacidontheaminoacyl-tRNAistransferredtotheaminogroupofapeptidyl-tRNA.( ReleasefactorscausethepeptidyltransferaseactivityoftheribosometouseH2Oasasubstrate.( InanattempttodeterminewhetheragivenRNAwascatalyticallyactiveinthecleavageofasyntheticoligonucleotide,thefollowingexperimentalresultswereobtained.WhentheRNAandtheoligonucleotidewereincubatedtogether,cleavageoftheoligonucleotideoccurred.WheneithertheRNAortheoligonucleotidewasincubatedalone,therewasnocleavage.WhentheRNAwasincubatedwithhigherconcentrationsoftheoligonucleotide,saturationkineticsoftheMichaelis-Mententypewereobserved.DotheseresultsdemonstratethattheRNAhascatalyticactivity?Exin.(8points)Answer:TheseresultsalonedonotestablishthattheRNAhascatalyticactivity.Acatalystmustberegenerated.Itisentirelypossiblethattheresultsobservedcouldbeaccountedforbyastoichiometric,asopposedtoacatalytic,inctionbetweenRNAandtheoligonucleotide.InwhichtheRNAmay“commitsuicide”astheoligonucleotideiscleaved.Insuchaninction,aportionoftheRNAwouldalsobecleaveditselfasapartofthereaction.Fourreactionproductswouldaccumulate,tworesultingfromthecleavageofRNAandtwofromthecleavageoftheoligonucleotide.ToshowthatthisparticularRNAwascatalytic,itwouldbenecessarytodemonstratethatitturnsoverandisregeneratedinthecourseofthereaction.Translationinvolvesconversionofthelanguageofnucleotidestothatofproteins.InthechainofeventsleadingfromanucleotidesequenceonDNAtotheproductionofproteinbyribosomes,wherepreciselydoestheprocessoftranslationoccur?Exin.(6points)Answer:Translationinvolvesconversionofthelanguageofnucleotidestothatofproteins.Theagentoftranslationistheappropriateaminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase,whichmustrecognizeaparticularaminoacidandlinkittoatRNAcontainingananticodonforthataminoacid.SupposethatabacterialmutantisfoundtoreplicateitsDNAataverylowrate.Uponysis,itisfoundtohaveentirelynormalactivityofDNApolymerasesIandIII,DNAgyrase,andDNAligase.ItalsomakesnormalamountsandkindsofdnaA,dnaB,dnaC,andSSBproteins.TheoriCregionofitschromosomeisfoundtobee