物流專業(yè)英語課件-參考

2023/6/82007/1/13LogisticsEnglishLogisticsEnglishSchoolofManagement,TianjinUniversityLibo0410@SchoolofManagementHomework-explaningHospitalAshoppingcenterAschool(1)PublicCustomers(2)metric(3)quiet,safe,crowdedplaceAchemicalplant(1)placewithwater,materialsetc(2)Customers(3)metricAirportAautoservicecenter(1)Space:bigplace(2)metric(3)customersMinimax=publicdepartmentsMinsumMinmaxSchoolofManagementTestyourself倉儲區(qū)域倉儲操作倉儲工具存儲模式技術收貨區(qū)發(fā)貨區(qū)貨場立體倉庫自動化倉庫料棚月臺道搬運裝卸單元裝卸包裝托盤包裝分揀集貨存貯和揀取叉車輸送機自動導引車箱式車托盤板臺起重機集裝箱/容器架子/箱子/抽屜轉柱式堆高機貨架托盤貨架重型貨架堆碼貨垛WMS條形碼射頻技術GoodsyardStereoscopicwarehouseGoodsshedHanding/carryingPalletizingsortingGoodscollectionStorage/RetrievalFork(lift)truckconveyorAutomaticguidedvehicleBoxcarPalletJacksContainer

Shelves/Bins/Drawers)SwingmastGoodsshelfPalletRackStackingGoodsstackSchoolofManagementLectureThreePart1:WhatisWarehouseManagement?Part2:whatisInventoryManagement?SchoolofManagementContents:

Warehouse-InventoryThedefinitionanddifferenceThegoals(managementlevels)TheprofessionalwordsinwarehouseWhatdoeswestudyinwarehousemanagement?Example:crossdockinginwarehouseTheprofessionalwordsinInventoryWhatdoeswestudyininventorymanagement?ThemethodsofInventorymanagementSchoolofManagementTheDefinitionsandDifferenceWarehouse:thefacilitydesignedfortemporarystorage;Inventory:thematerials/goodsinthewarehouse;Warehousemanagement:therelatedshipping,sorting,pickingandinbound,outboundprocessesaremanagedtorealizetheefficiency.Inventorymanagement:allfunctionsrelatetothestockdecisions,thatis,monitorthequantity,locationandstatusofinventorytorealizetherapidinventoryturnover.Seethetext.SchoolofManagementThegoals(managementlevels)locationInventoryManagementWarehouseschedulingSchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsStackingGoodsstackHanding/carryingLoadingandunloadingUnitloadingandunloadingPackage/packagingPalletizing堆碼貨垛搬運裝卸單元裝卸包裝托盤包裝SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionssortingGoodscollectionAutomaticwarehouseStereoscopicwarehouseReceivingspace/ShippingspaceGoodsyard分揀集貨自動化倉庫立體倉庫收貨區(qū)發(fā)貨區(qū)貨場SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsGoodsshelfpalletFork(lift)truckconveyorAutomaticguidedvehicleBoxcarGoodsshed貨架托盤叉車輸送機自動導引車箱式車料棚SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

Expressions月臺(Dock)板臺起重機(PalletJacks)道(Lane)/深度(Depth)貨架(rack);托盤貨架(PalletRack)集裝箱/容器(Container)

架子/箱子/抽屜(Shelves/Bins/Drawers)條形碼(Barcode)轉柱式堆高機(Swingmast)存貯和揀取(Storage/Retrieval)

SchoolofManagementExamples:

CrossdockingWhatiscrossdocking?Crossdockingisawarehousemanagementconceptinwhichitemsdeliveredtoawarehousebyinboundtrucksareimmediatelysortedout,reorganizedbasedoncustomerdemands,routedandloadedintooutboundtrucksfordeliverytocustomerswithouttheitemsbeingactuallyheldininventoryatthewarehouse.Ifanyitemisheldinstorage,itisusuallyforabriefperiodoftimethatisgenerallylessthan24/48hours.SchoolofManagementThehighestlevelinwarehousemanagement:

stockonwheelsdifficulties:(1)

coordination;(2)Thetypesofgoods.Part1CrossdockingSchoolofManagementPart3Crossdockingwww.D“CrossDocking”翻譯為“直接換裝”，定義為：“物品在物流環(huán)節(jié)中，不經(jīng)過中間倉庫或者站點，直接從一個交通工具換載到另一個運輸工具的物流銜接方式;接駁式轉運（CrossDocking）/交叉配送;將商品由工廠通過配銷系統(tǒng)，配送至用戶而不將商品儲存入庫的一種方法是crossdocking。SchoolofManagementJITandCrossdockingThe“just-in-time”(JIT)inventorymanagement(orkanban)principlerequiresthatthereisjustenoughinventorythatarrivestoreplacewhathasbeenused.Theimplementationofcrossdockoperationsrepositionsthefocusfromwarehousinginventorytooneofmanaginginventorythrough-flowintransitfromsupplierstocustomers.SchoolofManagementPushplanning/productionwipOperationAwipOperation

BwipOperation

CwipAplanningBplanningCplanningschedulingSchoolofManagementPullproductionOperationAOperationBOperationCMaterialsrequirementMaterialsrequirementGiveplanningbasedonoperationBGiveplanningbasedonoperationCGiveplanningbasedonoperationDSchoolofManagementJITandCrossdockingCrossdocksaretransformedfrominventoryrepositoriestopointsofdelivery,consolidationandpickup.Advantagesofcrossdocking:accruefromthereductionofwarehousingcosts,inventory-holdingcosts,servicecycletimesandtransportationcosts.SchoolofManagementCrossdockingpropertiescrossdockingasthe“JITinthedistributionarena”;(1)rapidly:Theuseof“crossdocking”hasbecomesynonymouswithrapidconsolidationandprocessing;(2)Complex:crossdocksarecomplex,requiringahighdegreeofcoordinationbetweensuppliers,customersanddistributorstocreateshipmentsbasedonanticipatedsuppliesanddemands;(3)Timingperformance:Inallcrossdockingsituations,thetimingofdeliveryandpickupiscrucialtoeffectiveoperations.SchoolofManagementCrossdockinginsupplychainTherearethreemethodsofcrossdocking(1)Manufacturingcroossdocking:“current”(finishedgoodsmoverightoffproductionlinetoawaitingtruck)or“future”(itemsproducedarestagedforlatershipment)arethecategories.SchoolofManagementCrossdockinginsupplychain(2)Distributioncentercrossdocking:distinguishbetween“current/active”,“current/sameday”,and“future”.Inthefirst,itemsareloadedimmediatelyonavehicle;current/samedayproductsarestagedonaconveyorforreleaselaterthatday.Futurecrossdockinginvolvestheholdingofitemsuntiltheybecomecurrent/sameday.SchoolofManagementCrossdockinginsupplychain(3)Terminalcrossdocking:productsfromvariousDCsaresenttoabreak-bulkterminalforshipmentofmixedloadstocustomers.Gue2001referstoasimilarmethodasRetailercrossdocking:Itemsfromdifferentoriginsaresortedanddispatchedtoparticularstores.SchoolofManagementUSPostalServiceApplicationsEx:AnetworkofcrossdocksfortheUSPostalServicewhere148areaDistributionCenters;(1)Serveascrossdocks,eachreceiving,sorting,packinganddispatchingmailaccordingtooperatingschedules.(2)Mailnotprocessedontimemustbeshippedbyair,incurringadditionalcostsand“critical-entry”times,whenmailmustarriveatthedestinationcenter,mustbecoordinatedwithtransportationschedulestoavoidovershootingspecifiedcutofftimes.(3)Eachdistributioncenterservesasanoriginaswellasdestinationnodewhereschedulesweredrivenbymaildeliverystandards.SchoolofManagementWalMartApplicationsEx:Thewell-knownsuccessofWalMartincrossdocking;(1)Itrequirescoordinating2000dedicatedtrucksoveralargenetworkofwarehouses,andretailpoints;(2)Maytag,alargedistributorofhouseholdappliancesmaintains41crossdockfacilitieswhere“noinventoryisheld”.SchoolofManagementSummaryWhatisWarehouse?WhatisWarehouseManagement?Whatdoeswestudyinwarehousemanagement?SchoolofManagementInventoryDefinitonReview?Whatdowestudyininventorymanagement?(1)Howmanyitemsdowehaveininventory?(2)Whendowegiveanordertothesuppliers?(3)HowmuchdoestheorderingQuantity?我們應該在存貨中包含那些產(chǎn)品？SchoolofManagementInventoryContents(1)TheclassicalinventorymanagementalsocalledIndependentrequirementmodel(thebeginningof20centuryto1960’s)(2)TheModerninventorymanagementalsocalledDependentrequirementmodel(1960’stonow)SchoolofManagementTheclassicalinventorymanagementSuppose:Therequirementofanitemisindependentonthatofothers;Thetotalneedcanbeaddedbythatofeachitems;Wecanforecastthetrendoftherequirementofanitembasedonthehistorydata;Theinventorycontrolcanbeobtainedbythemodelswiththeaidoftheneedpredicting,cost,andothervariables,etc.SchoolofManagementTheModerninventorymanagementEachitemwiththeothershassomerelationship;Justconsideringtheneedforecastingofsomeitemisnotenough;Generally,theneedofsomeitemmustbeconnectedwiththeproductionplanning.SchoolofManagementSummayInventoryModernClassicalmethodsMrpEOQJitSOQErpDrpSeethetextP34SchoolofManagementEOQprincipal

reorderpoint

safetyinventory

Leadtime

leadtimeThereorderpoint=needinunitperiod*leadtime+safetyinventorySeethetextP32SchoolofManagementPeriodicInventorysystemsPeriodicinventoryisasystemofinventoryinwhichupdatesaremadeonaperiodicbasis.SchoolofManagementPerpetualInventorysystemsPerpetualinventorysystems:/continuousinventory

describessystemsofinventorywhereinformationoninventoryquantityandavailabilityisupdatedonacontinuousbasisasafunctionofdoingbusiness.Generally,thisisaccomplishedbyconnectingtheinventorysystemwithorderentryandinretailthepointofsalesystem.Inthiscase,wouldbeexactlythesameas,oralmostthesame,astherealinventory.SchoolofManagementPerpetualInventorysystemsStartinginthe1970'sdigitalcomputersmadepossibletheabilitytoimplementaperpetualinventorysystem.Barcodingandradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)labelingarenecessary.SchoolofManagementThedifferenceUndertheperiodicinventorysystemastocktakeisessentialinordertomakeaccuratecalculationsofgrossprofit;Butastocktakemerelyprovidesacheckonthecontinuesrecordsmaintainedbyafirm.SchoolofManagementOnegasretailer;FourtimestobuygasFourpricestobuygasandstoretheminsameoilcan，Howmuchdoesthetotalgascost?Problems

InventoryCostingMethodsSchoolofManagementInventoryCostingMethodsSpecificidentificationMethodsP57(notconsideringthemarket)FIFOmethodP36(theinfluenceofmarket)LIFOmethodP36(avoidingthetaxes)TheweightedaveragemethodP36(bestmethods)SchoolofManagementExamplesmonthQuantityUnitcostSaleQuantityRestinventory11121234110607050804022263028243273714953377176811177Thetotalcostofprocurement=(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*24)+(40*32)=10680(Euro)Sale-earning=35*354=12390（Euro),

supposingtheunitprice=35;grossprofit=earning-costofinventorywhichbeforsale=-(costinprocurement

-costinrestinventory)Unitprofit=profit/quantitytobeforsaleininventorySchoolofManagementExamplesThefirstmethod:(7*22)+(6*26)+(8*30)+(11*28)+(17*24)+(7*32)=1490(Euro)Profit=12390-(10680-1490)=3200(Euro)Unitprofit=3200/354=9.04(Euro/unit)SchoolofManagementExamples:FIFOmethod:Supposetherest56unitsarepurchasedfinally.(40*32)+(16*24)=1664(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1664)=3374(Euro)Unitprofit=3374/354=9.53(Euro/unit)LIFOmethod:Supposetherest56unitsarepurchasedfirstly

56*22=1232(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1232)=2942(Euro)Unitprofit=2942/354=8.31(Euro/unit)SchoolofManagementExampleTheweightedaveragemethod:Thevalueofunitinventory=Thetotalprocurementcost/thetotalquantity=[(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*24)+(40*32)]/(110+60+70+50+80+40)=10680/410=1459(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1459)=3169(Euro)Unitprofit=3169/354=8.95(Euro/unit)SchoolofManagementAnalysisTherealvalueofinventory=1490TheresultofFIFOishigherthanthefirstone,thatishigherthan12%;TheresultofLIFOislowerthanthefirstone,thatislowerthan17%;Theresultofthelastoneisnearlyequaltothefirstone,thatis2%difference.SchoolofManagementThekindsofcost(1)Materialcost(2)Reorderingcost(3)Holdingcost(4)MissingcostSchoolofManagementThekindsofcostpercent（%）MaterialcostStoragecostHoldingdamageProcessingcostManagementcostInsurancecosttotal10-152-54-61-21-21-519-35SchoolofManagementInventoryturnoverturnover=QuantityofProductunitsinsomeperiod/averagestoragequantity；example：（1）汽車裝配廠和煉油廠的平均存貨數(shù)量通常保持在一周的供給，則他們的存貨周轉次數(shù)通常在一年50次左右；（2）零售商店的存貨周轉次數(shù)一般在20次左右。SchoolofManagementInventoryseasonalfluctuations季節(jié)波動crudemeasure粗略計算coupon配給票preceding前面的，先前的FIFO先進先出Holdingcost庫存保持成本GrossMarginReturnonInventoryorGMROI庫存總利潤回報SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsinboundtrucksOutboundtruckstheturnaroundtimesforcustomerorders(卸貨加油檢修及再裝貨所需時間)Receiving,sorting,storing,retrievingandshippingdeliveryandpickupThroughput(吞吐量）SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsProductdamagesProductobsolescenceLane/thepathinoneway/directionTrailerImplication/meaningLever/杠桿,途經(jīng),工具,手段SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsConsolidation/theplacesthatpickupitemstogetherConsolidationwarehouse拼貨倉庫Literature/papersOverlookPaybackWhereby靠什么?靠那個Lessthantruck-load(LTL)Truck-load(TL)SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsReshipmentTactical/Skeleton/structureStagefor/planforTerminalBreak-bulkterminalDispatch分發(fā)SchoolofManagementProfessionalVocabulariesand

ExpressionsConstantdemandForecastThird-partylogisticsprovider（3PL）Lease/出租Pack/PackageHassle混亂，激戰(zhàn)SchoolofManagementPart2