2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷含詳解

廣州市天河中學(xué)高中部2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試

高二英語試卷

本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共8頁，滿分150分考試用時(shí)150分鐘

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共10小題;每小題3分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C,D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomething

quitedifferenthappenedontherock.

IstartedclimbingwhenIwasanundergraduateinLiverpool.Ididn'tcomefromaclimbingfamily,butIreveledin

outdooractivities.Ioftenswaminriversandpools,walkedaroundinfieldsandwentoutforSundaywalksinthehillsand

woods.MovingtoLiveipoolwasquiteacontrast.Suddenly,Iwasinabusycityenvironment,sun-oundedbystreetwisekids.

Itwasfun,butIfeltoutofplace.

Therefore,Ijoinedtheuniversitymountaineeringclub.IbeganclimbinginsideanoldchurchinLiverpoolandinstantly

fellinlovewiththesport.Indoorclimbingwassafe,warmandfun.Itmademesociable.Ilovedplacingmybodyonthewall

andfollowingthelinesofhold-upstowardstheceiling.Isoongotthehangofclimbing.Whentheclimbswentwell,

everythingflowedinadelightfuldance.

WiththosesamemountaineeringfriendsIbeganrockclimbing.Butclimbingonrealrockdidnotbringmethesame

instantrushofpleasure.Fumbling（笨拙地摸找）forroutesandfollowingmoreexperiencedmaleleaders,Istruggledwith

movesandwasfrequentlytoldoffforusingmykneesoncrags（峭壁）一apparentlythatwasbadform.Ifelloffandhungon

therope,shoutingforhelpfrommypartnerwhowoulddohisbesttohelpmebyshoutingoutdirectionsdownfromthetop

ofthecrag.

Butclimbinghastaughtmetobetterdealwithrisk,understandingmyownvulnerabilitywhilealsodevelopingstrengths

Ineverhadbefore.Ihavegainedaninsightintothemovementsbetweenpeopleandstone.Workingwithgravity,geology

andrhythmsofweather,Igainauniquerelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrock

climbing.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“reveledin^^inParagraph2mean?

A.Keptoff.B.Wasfondof.C.Checkedout.D.Wasparticularabout.

2.Whydidtheauthorjointheuniversitymountaineeringclub?

A.Toescapethecitylife.B.Tolearnmoretricks.

C.Toexpandhersocialcircle.D.Tomakeuseofheroutdoorequipment.

3.Whatcanwesayabouttheauthor'srockclimbingexperienceatfirst?

A.Itwasapleasantlearningprocess.B.Itinvolvedgreatchallengesandrisk.

C.Itbroughtherasenseofachievement.D.Itwasascomplicatedasindoorclimbing.

B

For25years,UCBerkeleybiologistRobertDudleyhasbeeninterestedinhumans*loveofalcohol.In2014,hewrotea

bookproposingthatourattractiontoalcoholarosemillionsofyearsago,whenourapeandmonkeyancestorsdiscoveredthat

thesmellofalcoholledthemtoripe,fermenting（發(fā)酵的）andnutritiousfruit.

Anewstudynowsupportsthisidea,whichRobertDudleycallsthe“drunkenmonkey^guess.RobertDudleylaidout

evidenceforhisideaeightyearsagointhebook,TheDrunkenMonkey:WhyWeDrinkandAbuseAlcohol.Measurements

showedthatsomefruitknowntobeeatenbymonkeysorapeshadanaturallyhighalcoholcontentofupto7%.Butatthe

time,hedidn'thavedatashowingthatmonkeysorapespreferentiallysoughtoutandatefermentedfruit,orthatthey

digestedthealcoholinthefruit.

Forthenewlyreportedstudy,ChristinaCampbellofCaliforniaStateUniversity,Northridge（CSUN）,andhergraduate

studentVictoriaWeaverteamedupwithDudleytoanalyzethealcoholcontentinthefruit.t6Thestudyisadirecttestofthe

drunkenmonkeyguess,“saidDudley.

Theresearchersfoundthatthefruitthatspidermonkeyssmeltandtookabiteoutofroutinelyhadalcoholconcentrations

ofbetween1%and2%.Theripefruittheycollectedwasfromthejobotreeandwasamajorcomponentofthespidermonkey

diet.ButthefruitalsohasbeenusedbynativepeoplethroughoutCentralandSouthAmericatomakechicha,afermented

alcoholicdrink.

Theresearchersalsocollectedurine（尿液）fromsixspidermonkeys.Fiveofthesamplescontainedsecondary

metabolitesofethanol（乙醉代謝物）.“ThemonkeyswereHkelytoeatthefruitwithethanolforthecalories,Campbell

said."Theywouldgetmorecaloriesfromfermentedfruitthantheywouldgetfromunfennentedfruit.Thehighercalories

meanmoreenergy.”

Themonkeys'needforhighcaloricintakemaysimilarlyhaveinfluencedhumanancestors9decisionswhenchoosing

whichfruittoeat."Humanancestorsmayalsohavepreferentiallyselectedethanol-ladenfruitforconsumption,giventhatit

hasmorecalories,Campbellsaid.

4.WhatideadidRobertDudleyshowinhisbook?

A.Nutritiousfruitcontainsmorealcohol.

B.Apesandmonkeysconsumedalcohollongago.

C.Ourancestorshadnoparticularfoodpreference.

D.Humanbeingsstartedmakingwineinancienttimes.

5.Whatcanweknowaboutthejobotree?

A.Itisavailableworldwide.

B.Itsripefruittastedunpleasant.

C.Itsfruitcontainsfermentedsubstances.

DItservedasthemainfoodsourcefornativeAmericans.

6.Whatconclusionmaytheresearchersdrawfromthestudy?

A.Fermentedfruitnegativelyaffectedmonkeys'bodies.

B.Humanancestorsmightconsumealcoholforenergy.

C.Alcoholmightjustflowinthebodiesofthespidermonkeys.

D.CentralandSouthAmericansweregoodatmakingalcoholicdrinks.

C

IntheUnitedStates,goodstransportationaccountsformorethanone-thirdoftransportation-relatedgreenhouse-gas

emissions.Majorcompanies,suchasAmazon,havebeenexperimentingwithusingdrones（無人機(jī)）androbotstodeliver

packageswithaneyetoreducingtheirenvironmentalimpact.

InterestintheideagrewevenmoreduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Asurveyconductedinmid-2020foundthatmore

than60%ofpeoplewouldbewillingtopayextrafortheirpackagestobedeliveredbyrobots."Thiswaspartlytheresultofa

desiretoavoidinfection,^saysThiagoRodrigues,atransportationresearcheratCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh,

Pennsylvania,andaco-authorofthenewstudy.However,headdsthatanotherreasonwasthefactthatautomateddeliveryis

oftenfasterthandeliverytrucks.

Withtechnologyimproving,dronedeliveryislikelytobecomemorecommoninthenearfuture,saysJuanZhang,a

transportationresearcherattheUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaire/'Therefbre,weneedmorestudiesontheenergy

consumptionofdrones,95shesays.

Rodriguesandhiscolleagueshavedonesuchastudy.Theyattachedpackagesweighing0.5kilogramsorlessto”quad

copter^drones,whichhavefourrotors（旋翼），andflewthematspeedsof4-12meterspersecond.Fromtheseflights,the

researcherswereabletodeterminehowmuchenergywasneededtoflyadrone,aswellasthequantitiesofgreenhousegases

givenoffingeneratingtheelectricitytochargethedrone'sbattery.

Theresultsshowthatadrone'senvironmentalfootprintdependsinpartonwhereit'scharged.IntheUSMidwest,for

example,electricitygenerationismorecarbonintensivethaninNewYork.Butregardlessofregion,droneshaveamuch

smallerenvironmentalimpactthandiesel（柴油）andelectrictruckswhenitcomestomovingsmallpackages:drones'

greenhouse-gasemissionsperkilometerareroughly2%ofthoseofamedium-dutytruckpoweredbyeitherdieselfuelor

electricity.

7.WhathavemajorcompaniessuchasAmazonbeenattemptingtodo?

A.Makepackagedeliveryenvironmentallyfriendly.

B.Relievethepressureofpublictransportation.

C.Improvethespeedofpackagedelivery.

D.Reducethewhitepollution.

8.WhatdoThiagoRodrigues?wordsimplyaboutautomateddelivery?

A.Ithaschangedpeople'slife.

B.Itwillreplacedeliverytrucksinnotime.

C.Ithasapriceadvantageoverdeliverytrucks.

D.Itiswellreceivedbymanypeopleduringthepandemic.

9.WhydidRodriguesandhiscolleaguesdothestudy?

A.Tohelpdronesfunctionmoreefficiently.

B.Toimprovetheservicelifeofdrones9batteries.

C.Toknowabouttheenergyconsumptionofdrones.

D.Tomakedrones'chargingprocessmoreconvenient.

10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AreDronesSafeToolsforDeliveringParcels?—Yes

B.UsingDronestoDeliverParcels?—GoodforEarth

CAreWeReadytoUseDronesforDelivery?一Yes

D.UsingTruckstoDeliverParcels?—TimetoChange

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題3分，滿分15分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Apiggybackrideisarideonsomeone?sback.It'salmostacustomduringchildhood:climbingontoanolderperson's

backforapiggybackridearoundthehouseoryard.Butifyoustoptothinkaboutthisgame'sname一"piggybackride”,you

maybepuzzledandhaveaquestion.11

Theoriginsofthewordutpiggyback^^mightdatebacktothemid-16thcentury,whenpeoplecarriedvariousgoodson

theirbacksorthebacksoftheiranimals.Thetermforthispracticebackthenwas“pickpack”,sincepeoplepickedupapack

andputitontheirback.12First,thephrasebecamethealmost-identical“pick-a-pack”,andthen“pick?a?back”.

Thingsgetalittlebitmurky（模糊的）fromhere.Somesay"pick-a-back“一whichwastheversioninusebythe18th

century-soundedlike"pick-i-back"or"pickyback”,whicheventuallybecame“piggyback”.13Sotheychanged

ittoafamiliarwordthatsoundedsimilarto“piggy”.

Well,werepeopleinBritainorNorthAmericathefirsttousethetenn"piggyback“？14Buttheterm“pig-a-

back“wasusedinADialogueintheDevonshireDialectpublishedin1837and“piggy-back“wasusedintheU.S.bythe

1880s.

15Oneofthemostpopularcomesinthefieldoftransportation,wherepiggybackingmeanssomethingriding

ontopofsomethingelse,suchascarsbeingtransportedonatrain.It'salsousedinthetruckingindustry.Inphotography,

piggybackingdescribesthepracticeofattachingacameratoatelescope.

A.Nooneissureaboutit.

B.Whydowecallita""piggybackride”?

C.Howdoesthegameinfluencepeople'slife?

D.ProbablypeopleinNorthAmericawerethefirstusers.

E.Today,"piggyback“isusedinawidevarietyofcontexts.

F.Assooftenisthecasewithlanguage,thephrasehaschangedovertheyears.

G.Otherssaythatpeoplethenwereconfusedbythe“pick-a”partof“pick-a-back”.

第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C,D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithher16.notably

drynessanddiscomfort.

“Iwassimply17aterribleexperience,Ms.BurdeyneysaidatherhomeinToronto."Ifeltsohelplessand

insecurebecausethequalityofmy18wasaffected.”

Ms.Burdeyneytalkedtosomefriendswhohad19problemsanddiscoveredthattheywerelargelysuffering

in20"Nobodychoosestotalkaboutitbecauseitseemsso21shesaid.Butmoreandmorearesuffering

andlivesarebeing22

Eventually,Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch23atTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.The

researchteam24CanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdone25workoneyecareusingstemcells.

Seeingarayofhope,Ms.Burdeyneybeganraising26fortheprojectwithafriend,TorontobusinessmanMeyer

Zeifman.27shehasraised$110,000withanother$40,00028

'Tmtryingtogetmoreandmorepeopleto29thattherearesolutions,nsaidMs.Burdeyney,atrainednurse

whoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter30"Isaythereisnoold31.there'sonlyneglect（忽視）.

Don'tstand32dosomethingabout

Ms.Burdeyney33thatsheishopingtodomorefortheresearchproject.justwanttobring34into

people'seyesandthisisjustthe35Thereisstillalongwaytogo.”

16.A.throatB.eyesC.lungsD.skin

17.A.goingthroughB.gettingoverC.holdingonD.passingdown

18.A.storyB.treatmentC.lifeD.relationship

19.A.specialB.variousC.personalD.similar

20.A.turnB.silenceC.vainD.peace

21.A.unbearableB.abnormalC.insignificantD.disturbing

22.A.separatedB.forgottenC.substitutedD.compromised

23.A.courseB.programC.paperD.conference

24.A.informedB.doubtedC.dismissedD.included

25.A.part-timeB.controversialC.ground-breakingD.voluntary

26.A.questionsB.standardsC.awarenessD.money

27.A.AseverB.InreturnC.SofarD.Onceagain

28.A.expectedB.donatedC.wastedD.earned

29.A.confirmB.imagineC.rememberD.understand

30.A.graduationB.childbirthC.retirementD.marriage

31.A.timeB.ageC.ruleD.tale

32.A.straightB.aloneC.firmD.still

33.A.addedB.learnedC.remindedD.commented

34.A.joyB.lightC.colorD.beauty

35.A.futureB.meaningC.truthD.beginning

第II卷

第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AlaskaAirlinesannounceditwillbecomethefirstU.S.airlinetolaunchanelectronicbagtag（標(biāo)簽）programlaterthis

year.Thetagsaresmallprogrammabledeviceswithe-paperdisplaysthataredesigned36（replace）thepapertags

currentlyinuse.

ThenewprogramwillinitiallyfocusonSanJoseInternationalAirportinCalifornia.Theairlineplanstoinitiallygive

out2500ofthetags37freetoitsfrequentfliers,andthetags38（be）availabletopurchasebyMileage

Planmembersnextyear.

Theelectronicbagtagswillallowgueststoskipthestepofprinting39（tradition）bagtagsuponarrivalatthe

airport.Instead,guestscanactivatethedevicesfrom40（place）liketheirhomes,officesorcars—upto24hours

beforetheirflight41（use）theAlaskaAirlinesmobileapp.

Theactivationisdoneby42（simple）touchingthephoneusedforcheck-intotheelectronicbagtag,

43hasanantenna（天線）thatpowersandreadstheinformationtransmittedfromthephone.Comparedtoa

previousversiontestedin2015,44newtagis''battery-less^andneverneedstoberecharged.

“Thedeviceswillallowouremployeestospendmoretimewithguestswhoaskfor45（assist）JsaidCharu

Jain,seniorvicepresidentofmerchandisingandinnovationatAlaskaAirlines.

第三部分基礎(chǔ)知識（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)中文提示用一個(gè)單詞填入下列句子，使句意完整。

46.Hesufferedfromheadachesandlossof（食欲）.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

47.Don'tletTV（分散）yourattentionwhilewritingyouressay.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

48.Itis（難以置信的）thatshecouldbreaktherecord.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

49.Generally,high（期待）fromothersareessentialtostudents'development.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

50.LastFriday,thelittlekidateacoin,almost（窒息）todeath.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

51.Shewassurroundedbyagroupofadmiring（攝影師）.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

52.Ataminimum,thekindsoffoodlocalpeople（消耗）telluswhattheygrowintheirregion.（根據(jù)漢語提示單

詞拼寫）

53.Itwascoldanddamp;themanpulleduphiscollarandputhishandsonhis（凍僵的）face.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞

拼寫）

54.Alotoftentshavebeensenttheretohelpthe（受害者）oftheearthquake.（根據(jù)漢語提示填空）

55.LangLangisa（有天賦的）pianistwhohasbeenworkinghardtoimprovehimself.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）

第二節(jié)短語填空（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

用所給短語的恰當(dāng)形式填入下列句子，使其句意完整，有兩個(gè)短語多余。

consistof;setout;setapartfrom;thanksto;sleepin;breakdown;regardlessof

56.Whenshewas10,shewiththeaimofbecomingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.

57.Becausehewasbeingsokindandconcerned,Iandcried.

58.theoutcome,theplayerswillbelongrememberedfortheirexcellentperformance.

59.Myalarmdidn'tworkyesterdaymorning.Asaresult,I.

60.Listeningisanactivenotapassivebehaviorhearing,understandingandremembering.

第三節(jié)補(bǔ)全句子（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)中文提示和所給的英文部分完成下列句子。

61.越野比賽使得我們可以臨時(shí)從學(xué)業(yè)中走出來，使得我們更加精力充沛、更加高興。（非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語）

TheCross-CountryRunningRaceallowedustoescapefromourlessonsforawhile,.

62.你是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢想確實(shí)取決于努力而不是運(yùn)氣。（主語從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語）

hardworkratherthanluck.

63.有那么多的挑戰(zhàn)要克服，他想他不會(huì)度過比今天更令人沮喪的一天。（with的賓語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，否定詞+比較級）

,hewillneverspend.

64.當(dāng)被詢問到如何有效預(yù)防這種疾病的感染時(shí)，他說勤洗手才是最重要的。（省略;非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語）

theinfectionofthedisease,hesaidthatwaswhatreallymattered.

65.到上個(gè)月底為止，這個(gè)國家的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)減少了30%。

Bytheendoflastmonth,.

第四部分書面表達(dá)（滿分30分）

66.假定你是李華，你負(fù)責(zé)的英語俱樂部擬在寒假里組織主題為“Stayoutofdangerandenjoyasafeholiday”的急救

培訓(xùn)課程。

請你用英語寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：

1.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；

2.培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容（觀看關(guān)于意外受傷的短片；專家教授急救技能等等）；

3.培訓(xùn)課的意義。

注意：1.詞數(shù)130左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.參考詞匯：CPR（心肺復(fù)蘇）、Heimlichmanoeuvre（海姆利希急救法）

Notice

TheEnglishClub

廣州市天河中學(xué)高中部2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試

高二英語試卷

本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共8頁，滿分150分考試用時(shí)150分鐘

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共10小題;每小題3分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C,D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomething

quitedifferenthappenedontherock.

IstartedclimbingwhenIwasanundergraduateinLiverpool.Ididn'tcomefromaclimbingfamily,butIreveledin

outdooractivities.Ioftenswaminriversandpools,walkedaroundinfieldsandwentoutforSundaywalksinthehillsand

woods.MovingtoLiveipoolwasquiteacontrast.Suddenly,Iwasinabusycityenvironment,suiroundedbystreetwisekids.

Itwasfun,butIfeltoutofplace.

Therefore,Ijoinedtheuniversitymountaineeringclub.IbeganclimbinginsideanoldchurchinLiverpoolandinstantly

fellinlovewiththesport.Indoorclimbingwassafe,warmandfun.Itmademesociable.Ilovedplacingmybodyonthewall

andfollowingthelinesofhold-upstowardstheceiling.Isoongotthehangofclimbing.Whentheclimbswentwell,

everythingflowedinadelightfuldance.

Withthosesamemountaineeringfriends,Ibeganrockclimbing.Butclimbingonrealrockdidnotbringmethesame

instantrushofpleasure.Fumbling（笨拙地摸找）forroutesandfollowingmoreexperiencedmaleleaders,Istruggledwith

movesandwasfrequentlytoldoffforusingmykneesoncrags（峭壁）一apparentlythatwasbadform.Ifelloffandhungon

therope,shoutingforhelpfrommypartnerwhowoulddohisbesttohelpmebyshoutingoutdirectionsdownfromthetop

ofthecrag.

Butclimbinghastaughtmetobetterdealwithrisk,understandingmyownvulnerabilitywhilealsodevelopingstrengths

Ineverhadbefore.Ihavegainedaninsightintothemovementsbetweenpeopleandstone.Workingwithgravity,geology

andrhythmsofweather,Igainauniquerelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrock

climbing.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"reveledin“inParagraph2mean?

A.Keptoff.B.Wasfondof.C.Checkedout.D.Wasparticularabout.

2.Whydidtheauthorjointheuniversitymountaineeringclub?

A.Toescapethecitylife.B.Tolearnmoretricks.

C.Toexpandhersocialcircle.D.Tomakeuseofheroutdoorequipment.

3.Whatcanwesayabouttheauthor'srockclimbingexperienceatfirst?

A.Itwasapleasantlearningprocess.B.Itinvolvedgreatchallengesandrisk.

C.Itbroughtherasenseofachievement.D.Itwasascomplicatedasindoorclimbing.

【答案】l.B2.A3.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者參加攀巖俱樂部原因以及對攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)的體會(huì)與感悟。

【1題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文“Ioftenswaminriversandpools,walkedaroundinfieldsandwentoutforSunday

walksinihehillsandwoods.（我經(jīng)常在河流和水池里游泳，在田野里散步，星期天出去在山丘和樹林里散步）”可

知，作者喜歡戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此推知，劃線詞組reveledin與wasfondof“喜歡”意思接近。故選B項(xiàng)

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"MovingtoLiverpoolwasquiteacontrast.Suddenly,Iwasinabusycityenvironment,

suiTOundedbystreetwisekids.Itwasfun,butIfeltoutofplace.（轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)利物浦是一個(gè)鮮明的對比。突然間，我身處一個(gè)繁

忙的城市環(huán)境，周圍都是街頭的孩子。這很有趣，但我覺得格格不入）”可知，作者不喜歡在繁忙的大城市，覺得自

己在城市里有些不自在。由此可知，加入大學(xué)的攀巖俱樂部是想要逃離城市生活。故選A項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fumbling（笨拙地摸找）forroutesandfollowingmoreexperiencedmaleleaders,I

struggledwithmovesandwasfrequentlytoldoffforusingmykneesoncrags（小肖壁）——apparentlythatwasbadform.Ifell

offandhungontherope,shoutingforhelpfrommypartnerwhowoulddohisbesttohelpmebyshoutingoutdirections

downfromthetopofthecrag.（笨拙地摸索路線，跟隨更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，我在動(dòng)作上掙扎，經(jīng)常因?yàn)橛孟ドw跪

在峭壁上而被告知——顯然這是不好的形式。我掉落了，掛在繩子上，向我的同伴大聲呼救，他會(huì)盡最大努力幫

助我，從峭壁頂部大聲指導(dǎo)我）”可知，作者笨拙的摸索路線，每一步都很掙扎，掉落后掛在繩索上，向自己的同

伴求助。由此推知，作者第一次攀巖的經(jīng)歷是充滿了挑戰(zhàn)與驚險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

For25years,UCBerkeleybiologistRobertDudleyhasbeeninterestedinhumans,loveofalcohol.In2014,hewrotea

bookproposingthatourattractiontoalcoholarosemillionsofyearsago,whenourapeandmonkeyancestorsdiscoveredthat

thesmellofalcoholledthemtoripe,fermenting（發(fā)酵的）andnutritiousfruit.

Anewstudynowsupportsthisidea,whichRobertDudleycallsthe“drunkenmonkey^guess.RobertDudleylaidout

evidenceforhisideaeightyearsagointhebook,TheDrunkenMonkey:WhyWeDrinkandAbuseAlcohol.Measurements

showedthatsomefruitknowntobeeatenbymonkeysorapeshadanaturallyhighalcoholcontentofupto7%.Butatthe

time,hedidn'thavedatashowingthatmonkeysorapespreferentiallysoughtoutandatefermentedfruit,orthatthey

digestedthealcoholinthefruit.

Forthenewlyreportedstudy,ChristinaCampbellofCaliforniaStateUniversity,Northridge（CSUN）,andhergraduate

studentVictoriaWeaverteamedupwithDudleytoanalyzethealcoholcontentinthefruit.€UThestudyisadirecttestofthe

drunkenmonkeyguess,"saidDudley.

Theresearchersfoundthatthefruitthatspidermonkeyssmeltandtookabiteoutofroutinelyhadalcoholconcentrations

ofbetween1%and2%.Theripefruittheycollectedwasfromthejobotreeandwasamajorcomponentofthespidermonkey

diet.ButthefruitalsohasbeenusedbynativepeoplethroughoutCentralandSouthAmericatomakechicha,afermented

alcoholicdrink.

Theresearchersalsocollectedurine（尿液）fromsixspidermonkeys.Fiveofthesamplescontainedsecondary

metabolitesofethanol（乙醇代謝物）.“Themonkeyswerelikelytoeatthefruitwithethanolforthecalories,Campbell

said."Theywouldgetmorecaloriesfromfermentedfruitthantheywouldgetfromunfennentedfruit.Thehighercalories

meanmoreenergy.^^

Themonkeys'needforhighcaloricintakemaysimilarlyhaveinfluencedhumanancestors9decisionswhenchoosing

whichfruittoeat."Humanancestorsmayalsohavepreferentiallyselectedethanol-ladenfruitforconsumption,giventhatit

hasmorecalories,“Campbellsaid.

4.WhatideadidRobertDudleyshowinhisbook?

A.Nutritiousfruitcontainsmorealcohol.

B.Apesandmonkeysconsumedalcohollongago.

C.Ourancestorshadnoparticularfoodpreference.

D.Humanbeingsstartedmakingwineinancienttimes.

5.Whatcanweknowaboutthejobotree?

A.Itisavailableworldwide.

B.Itsripefruittastedunpleasant.

C.Itsfruitcontainsfermentedsubstances.

D.ItservedasthemainfoodsourcefornativeAmericans.

6Whatconclusionmaytheresearchersdrawfromthestudy?

A.Fermentedfruitnegativelyaffectedmonkeys'bodies.

B.Humanancestorsmightconsumealcoholforenergy.

C.Alcoholmightjustflowinthebodiesofthespidermonkeys.

D.CentralandSouthAmericansweregoodatmakingalcoholicdrinks.

【答案】4.B5.C6.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。生物學(xué)家羅伯特?達(dá)德利認(rèn)為，發(fā)現(xiàn)人類對酒精的愛好源于幾百萬年前的猿猴祖先，

最新的關(guān)于蜘蛛猴吃的喬博樹果子的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子們吃發(fā)酵水果可能是為了獲取更多的能量。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In2014,hewroteabookproposingthatourattractiontoalcoholarosemillionsofyearsago,

whenourapeandmonkeyancestorsdiscoveredthatthesmellofalcoholledthemtoripe,fermenting（發(fā)酵的）and

nutritiousfruit.（2014年，他寫了一本書，提出我們被酒精所吸引產(chǎn)生于數(shù)百萬年前，當(dāng)時(shí)我們的猿猴祖先發(fā)現(xiàn)酒

精的氣味能讓他們吃到成熟、發(fā)酵且營養(yǎng)豐富的水果。）”，以及第二段"Measurementsshowedthatsomefruit

knowntobeeatenbymonkeysorapeshadanaturallyhighalcoholcontentofupto7%.（測量結(jié)果顯示，一些已知猴子

或猿類吃的水果含有高達(dá)7%的天然的高酒精含量。）”可知，人們對酒精感興趣，是因?yàn)槲覀兊脑澈镒嫦葘ξ覀?/p>

的影響，他們早在數(shù)萬年前就吃過成熟的、發(fā)酵的、有酒精味的水果了。故選B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Theresearchersfoundthatthefruitthatspidermonkeyssmeltandtookabiteoutofroutinely

hadalcoholconcentrationsofbetween1%and2%.Theripefruittheycollectedwasfromthejobotreeandwasamajor

componentofthespidermonkeydiet.ButthefruitalsohasbeenusedbynativepeoplethroughoutCentralandSouth

Americatomakechicha,afermentedalcoholicdrink.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜘