總結(jié)模板og13閱讀第二遍

offersacompellingbusinesscaseaccordingFocusingexclusivelyonoffersacompellingbusinesscaseaccordingFocusingexclusivelyonecoefficiency,(30)established(30)establishedthinking,maydistractcompaniespursuingradicallydifferentproductsand↓轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明另一種觀點(diǎn)worsenenvironmentalstressesinthe↓↓↓↓↓（developanewsystemic Questions5-7refertothepassageTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisexinwhyaparticularbusinessstrategyhasbeenlesssuccessfulthanwasonceproposeanalternativetoaparticularbusinessstrategythathasinadvertentlycausedecologicaldamagepresentaconcernaboutthepossibleconsequencesofpursuingaparticularbusinessmakeacaseforapplyingaparticularbusinessstrategyonalargerscalethaniscurrentlypracticedsuggestseveralpossible esofcompanies'failuretounderstandtheeconomicimpactofaparticularbusinessstrategyThepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasapossibleconsequenceofcompanies'realizationofgreaterprofitsthroughecoefficiency?ThecompaniesmaybeabletosellagreaternumberofproductsbyloweringThecompaniesmaybebetterabletoattractinvestmentcapitalintheglobalTheprofitsmaybereinvestedtoincreaseeconomicgrowththroughTheprofitsmaybeusedasinvestmentcapitalforindustriesthatarenotTheprofitsmayencouragecompaniestomakefurtherinnovationsinreducingproductionwaste.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingisapossibleconsequenceofa'sadoptionofinnovationsthatincreaseitsecoefficiency?(A)profitsresultingfromsuchinnovationsmaybereinvestedinwithnoguaranteethatthe willcontinuetomakefurtherimprovementsingrowthfosteredbycostsavingsfromgrowthfosteredbycostsavingsfromsuchinnovationsmayallowtotomanufactureagreaternumberofproductsthatwillbeuseddiscarded,thusworseningenvironmental thatfailstorealizesignificantcostsavingsfromsuchinnovationsmayhavelittleincentivetocontinuetominimizetheenvironmentalimpactofitsproduction thatcomestodependonsuchinnovationstoincreaseitsprofitsandgrowthmaybevulnerableintheglobalmarkettocompetitionfromold-styleeco-inefficientindustries. thatmeetsitsecoefficiencygoalsisunlikelytoinvestitsincreasedprofitsinthedevelopmentofnewandinnovativeecoefficiencymeasures.1C2D3BEssayLineInterrestrialenvironments,gravityspecialdemandsonthecardiovascularsystemsofanimals.Gravitationalpressurecancausebloodtopoolinthelowerregionsofthebody,makingit(5)difficulttocirculatebloodtocriticalorganssuchasthebrain.Terrestrialsnakes,inparticular,exhibitadaptationsthataidincirculatingbloodagainsttheof↓TheproblemconfrontingterrestrialTheproblemconfrontingterrestrialsnakesis(10)illustratedbywhathappenstoseasnakesremovedfromtheirsupportiveverticalpressuregradientswithinthebloodare ctedbysimilarpressuregradientsinsurroundingwater,thedistributionof(15)throughoutthebodyofseasnakesremainsthesameregardlessoftheirorientationinWhenremovedfromthewaterandtiltedatvariousangleswiththeheadup,however,bloodpressureattheirmidpointprovidedtheyremaininthe(20)dropssignificantly,andatbrainlevelfallstozero.Thatmanyterrestrialsnakesinsimilarspatialorientationsdonotexperiencethiskindofcirculatoryfailuresuggestsprovidedtheyremaininthe(25) ↓↓↓↓Onesuchadaptationisthecloserproximityoftheterrestrialsnake'shearttoitshead,whichhelpstoensurecirculationtothebrain,regardlessofthesnake'sorientationinspace.Theheartofseasnakes(30)canbelocatednearthemiddleofthebody,apositionthatminimizestheworkentailedincirculatingbloodtobothextremities.Inarborealsnakes,however,whichdwellintreesandoftenassumeaverticalposture,theaveragerequiresthatbloodcirculatedtothetailofSucha(35)fromrequiresthatbloodcirculatedtothetailofSuchasnakesnaketravelagreaterdistancebacktotheaproblemaproblemsolvedbyanother(40)climbing,arborealsnakesoftenmomentarilytowiggletheirbodies,causingwavesofmusclecontractionthatadvancefromthelowertorsotothehead.Bycompressingtheveinsandforcingbloodforward,thesecontractions(45)apparentlyimprovetheflowofvenousbloodreturningtotheheart.↓轉(zhuǎn)折：arborealsnakes，要保持verticalposture，↓ Questions18-25refertothepassageThepassageprovidesinformationinsupportofwhichofthefollowingThedisadvantagesofanadaptationtoaparticularfeatureofanenvironmentoftenoutweightheadvantagesofsuchanadaptation.(B)An(B)Anorganism'sreactionto cedinanenvironmenttowhichitisnotadaptedcansometimesillustratetheproblemsthathavebeensolvedbyadaptationsoforganismsindigenoustothatTheeffectivenessofanorganism'sadaptationtoaparticularfeatureofitsenvironmentcanonlybeevaluatedbyexaminingtheeffectivenesswithwhichorganismsofotherspecieshaveadaptedtoasimilarfeatureofadifferentOrganismsofthesamespeciesthatinhabitstrikinglydifferentenvironmentswilloftenadaptinremarkablysimilarwaystothefewfeaturesofthoseenvironmentsthatare不是similarDifferentspeciesoforganismslivinginthesameenvironmentwillseldomadapttofeaturesofthatenvironmentinthesameway.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonthatthedistributionofbloodintheseasnakechangeslittlewhilethecreatureremainsintheoceanisthattheheartoftheseasnaketendstobelocatednearthecenterofitspressuregradientsinthewatersurroundingtheseasnakecountertheeffectsverticalpressuregradientswithinitsbloodtheseasnakeassumesaverticalposturelessfrequentlythandotheterrestrialandarborealtheseasnakeoftenreliesonwavesofmusclecontractionstohelpmovebloodfromthetorsototheheadverticalpressuregradientswithinitscirculatoryitcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingistrueofspeciesofterrestrialsnakesthatoftenneedtoassumeaverticalposture?(B)Theirheartsarelesslikelytobelocatedatthemidpointoftheirbodiesthan(B)TheirheartsarelesslikelytobelocatedatthemidpointoftheirbodiesthanisthewithwithSEATheycannotcoun ctthepoolingofbloodinlowerregionsoftheirbodiesaseffectivelyasseasnakescan.Thebloodpressureattheirmidpointdecreasessignificantlywhentheyaretiltedwiththeirheadsup.Theyareunabletorelyonmusclecontractionstomovevenousbloodfromthelowertorsotothehead.Theauthordescribesthebehaviorofthecirculatorysystemofseasnakeswhentheyareremovedfromtheocean(seelinesI7-2UprimarilyinordertoillustratewhatwouldoccurinthecirculatorysystemofterrestrialsnakeswithoutadaptationsthatenablethemtoregulatetheirbloodpressureinverticalorientationsexinwhyarborealsnakesinverticalorientationsmustrelyonmusclecontractionstorestorebloodpressuretothebrainillustratetheeffectsofcirculatoryfailureonthebehaviorofarborealillustratethesuperiorityofthecirculatorysystemoftheterrestrialsnaketothatoftheseasnakeexinhowchangesinspatialorientationcanadverselyaffectthecirculatorysystemofsnakeswithheartslocatedinrelativelycloseproximitytotheirheadsItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutseasnakes?Theyfrequentlyrelyonwavesofmusclecontractionsfromthelowertorsototheheadtosupplementtheworkoftheheart.Theycannoteffectivelyregulatetheirbloodpressurewhencedinseawaterandtiltedatananglewiththeheadpointeddownward.Theyaremorelikelytohaveaheartlocatedincloseproximitytotheirheadsthanarearborealsnakes. e yvulnerabletotheeffectsofgravitationalpressureoncirculatorysystemwhentheyarecirculatorysystemwhentheyare cedinaterrestrialTheircardiovascularsystemisnotascomplicatedasthatofarborealTheauthorsuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingisadisadvantagethatresultsfromthelocationofasnake'sheartincloseproximitytoitshead?AdecreaseintheefficiencywithwhichthesnakeregulatestheflowofbloodtotheAdecreaseinthenumberoforientationsinspacethatasnakecanassumelossofbloodflowtotheAdecreaseinbloodpressureatthesnake'smidpointwhenitistiltedatvariousangleswithitsheadup(E)AnincreaseintheamountofeffortrequiredtodistributebloodtoandfromAnincrease(E)Anincreaseintheamountofeffortrequiredtodistributebloodtoandfromsnake'ssnake'sTheprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisintroduceatopicthatisnotdiscussedearlierinthe(B)(B)describeamoreefficientmethodofachievinganeffectdiscussedinthe(C)drawaconclusionbasedoninformationelaboratedintheprevious(D)(D)discusstwospecificexamplesofphenomenamentionedattheendofthe(E)introduceevidencethatunderminesaviewreportedearlierintheInthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithngwhichofthe(A)(A) iningadaptationsthatenabletheterrestrialsnaketocopewiththeeffectsgravitationalpressureonitscirculatoryComparingthecirculatorysystemoftheseasnakewiththatoftheterrestrialExiningwhythecirculatorysystemoftheterrestrialsnakeisdifferentfromthatoftheseasnakePointingoutfeaturesoftheterrestrialsnake'scardiovascularsystemthatmakeitsuperiortothatoftheseasnakeExininghowtheseasnakeisabletoneutralizetheeffectsofgravitationalpressureonitscirculatorysystem1B2B3A4A5D6E7B8A

629EssayLineManufacturershavetodomorethanbuildlargemanufacturingntstorealizeeconomiesofscale.Itistruethatasthecapacityofamanufacturingoperationrises,costsperunitofoutputfallasnt(5)sizeapproaches"minimumefficientscale,"wherethecostperunitofoutputreachesaminimum,determinedroughlybythestateofexistingtechnologyandsizeofthepotentialmarket.However,minimumefficientscalecannotbefullyrealizedunlessasteadyproductionprocess,butalsooftheflowofinputnotonlyproductionprocess,butalsooftheflowofinputnotonlyoftheflowofgoodsthroughrsandtheflowofoutputtowholesalers finalconsumers.lfthroughputfallsbelowapoint,unitcostsrisesharplyandprofitsdisappear.manufacturer'smanufacturer'sfixedcostsand"sunkcosts"sofrawmaterials,problemsontheQ1、Q2、(20)decreasewhenproductiondeclinesduetocapitalinvestmentinthe nt)dopotentialeconomiesofscalearebasedonthephysicalandengineeringcharacteristicsofthe(25)productionfacilities-thatis,ontangiblecapital-butrealizedeconomiesofscaleareoperationalandorganizational,anddependonknowledge,skills,experience,andteamwork-thatis,onorganizedhumancapabilities,orintangiblecapital.↓↓↓解釋造成這種的原因（fixedcostsand"sunk↓(30)Theimportanceofinvestinginintangibleesobviouswhenonelooksatwhathappensinnewcapital-intensivemanufacturingindustries.Suchindustriesarequicklydominated,notbythefirstfirmstotoacquiretechnologically nts(35)theoreticallyoptimalsize,butratherbythefirstexploitthefullpotentialexploitthefullpotentialof ntsanddosoafterthefirstmovershave(40)workedoutproblemswith rsorwithnewproductionprocesses.Challengersmustcreatedistributionnetworksandmarketingsystemsinmarketswherefirstmovershaveallthecontactsandknow-how.Andchallengersmustrecruitmanagement(45)teamstocompetewiththosethathavealreadymasteredthesefunctionalandstrategicactivities.↓說(shuō)明exploitthefullpotentialof large nts會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣 素---------強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)注intangiblecapital的重要性---------為企業(yè)達(dá)到 Questions37-41refertothepassageThepassagesuggeststhatinorderforamanufacturerinacapital-intensiveindustrytohaveadecisiveadvantageovercompetitorsmakingsimilarproducts,themanufacturermustbethefirstintheindustrytobuildproductionfacilitiesoftheoreticallyoptimalmakeeveryefforttokeepfixedandsunkcostsaslowasbebeoneofthefirsttooperateitsmanufacturing ntsatminimumefficientproducegoodsofhigherqualitythanthoseproducedbydirectstockpilerawmaterialsatproductionsitesinordertoensureasteadyflowofsuchThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueofamanufacturer'sfixedandsunkcosts?Theextenttowhichtheyaredeterminedbymarketconditionsforthegoodsbeingmanufacturedisfrequentlyunderestimated.lftheyarekeptaslowaspossible,themanufacturerisverylikelytorealizesignificantTheyaretheprimaryfactorthatdetermineswhetheramanufacturerwillrealizeeconomiesofscale.Theyshouldbeonaparwiththefixedandsunkcostsofthemanufacturer'sTheyTheyarenotaffectedbyfluctuationsinamanufacturing nt'sInthecontextofthepassageasawhole,thesecondparagraphservesprimarilyto因?yàn)槭菫榱顺薪由衔淖詈箨P(guān)鍵結(jié)論intangiblecapital.的重要性而展開(kāi)的說(shuō)明provideanexampletosupporttheargumentpresentedinthefirstevaluatevariousstrategiesdiscussedinthefirstintroduceevidencethatunderminestheargumentpresentedinthefirstanticipatepossibleobjectionstotheargumentpresentedinthefirstdemonstratethepotentialdangersofacommonlyusedThepassageLEASTsupportstheinferencethatamanufacturer'sthroughputcouldbeadverselyaffectedbyamistakeinjudgmentregardingtheselectionofaabreakdowninthefactory's alabordisputeonthefactoryanincreaseinthecostperunitofadropintheefficiencyofthesalesTheprimarypurposeofthepassageispointouttheimportanceofintangiblecapitalforrealizingeconomiesofscaleinshowthatmanufacturersfrequentlygainacompetitiveadvantagefrominvestmentinlargemanufacturingfacilitiesarguethatlargemanufacturingfacilitiesoftenfailbecauseofinadequateinvestmentinbothtangibleandintangiblecapitalsuggestthatmostnewindustriesarelikelytobedominatedbyfirmsthatbuildlargemanufacturingntsearlyexinwhylargemanufacturingntsusuallydonothelpmanufacturersachieveeconomiesofscale1C2E3A4D5AEssayLineIn1955MauriceDuvergerpublishedlhePoliticalRoleofWomen,thefirstbehavioralist,multinationalcomparisonofwomen'selectoralparticipationevertouseelectiondataand (5)datatogether.Hisstudyyzedwomen'spatternsofvoting,politicalcandidacy,andpoliticalactivisminfourEuropeancountriesduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Duverger'sresearchfindingswerethatwomenvotedsomewhatlessfrequently(10)thanmen(thedifferencenarrowingthelonger womenhadthevote)andwereslightlymore ↓↓Duverger'sworksetanearlystandardforthesensitiveysisofwomen'selectoralactivities.(15)Moreover,toDuverger'scredit,hecedhisfindingsinthecontextofmanyofthehistoricalprocessesthathadshapedtheseactivities.However,sincethesecontextshave overovertime,Duverger'sapproachhasprovedthe(20)durablethanhisactualInaddition,Duverger'sthe(20)durablethanhisactualatthetimehecollectedhis(25)(25)ofpoliticalregimes,theeffectsoffactors,andtheramificationsofpoliticalDuverger'sstudyDuverger'sstudyforeshadowedsocialrelationsbetweenwomenandthisenduringenduringlimitationsofthebehavioralist(30)tothemultinationalstudyofwomen's↓ Questions87-92refertothepassageTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisevaluatearesearchsummarizethehistoryofaresearchreportnewresearch reinterpretoldresearch ingresearch ingresearchAccordingtothepassage,Duverger'sstudywasuniquein1955inthatincludedbothelectiondataandsurveygathereddatafromsourcesneverbeforeusedinpoliticalincludedanysisofhistoricalexaminedtheinfluenceonvotingbehavioroftherelationshipsbetweenwomenandyzednotonlyvotingandpoliticalcandidacybutalsootherpoliticalWhichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofacountryismostclearlyanexampleofafactorthatDuverger,asdescribedinthepassage,failedtoconsiderinhisstudy?AlargeA antAone-party ApredominantlyurbanAone-party (E)LocationintheheartofTheauthorimpliesthatDuverger'sactualfindingslimitedbecausetheyfocusononlyfourinaccurateintheirdescriptionofthefourcountriesintheearlyout-of-dateinthattheyareinapplicableinthefourcountriesflawedbecausetheyarebasedonunsoundbiasedbyDuverger'spoliticalThepassageimpliesthat,incomparingfourEuropeancountries,DuvergerfoundthatthevotingratesofwomenandmenweremostdifferentinthecountryinwhichweremostPoliticallYranforofficemostheldthemostconservativepoliticalhadthemostegalitarianrelationswithhadpossessedtherighttovotefortheshortestTheauthorimpliesthatsomebehavioralistresearchinvolvingthemultinationalstudyofwomen'spoliticalparticipationthatfollowedDuverger'sstudydidwhichofthelgnoredDuverger'sSufferedfromfaultssimilartothoseinDuverger'sFocusedonpoliticalFocusedontheinfluencesofpoliticalFocusedonthepoliticalandsocialrelationsbetweenwomenand1A2A3D4C5E6B630Essayclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,thefollowtheclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,thefollowtheclassicalrationalmodelofoptions,options,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,making(5)decision,andonlythentakingactiontoRather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwith(10)ambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.↓↓(15)writers yapoorgrasp(15)writers yapoorgraspofwhatintuitionIngeneral,however,SomeSomeseeitastheoppositeofrationality;viewitasanexcusefor↓lsenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthat(20)managers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdata(30)an"Aha!"intuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdata(30)an"Aha!"Athirdfunctionpracticepracticeintoanintegratedpicture,often,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmoreysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarareoccasionallyleeryforreachingareoccasionallyleeryforreachingsolutionssolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichcountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourse

Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypass ysisandmoverapidlytoengenderausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns. ↓（1）感應(yīng)問(wèn)題的存↓Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat"thinking"is(45)inseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften"know"whatisrightbeforetheycanyzeandexinit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexinlater.ysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabout(50)companiesandorganizationsnotbyyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigatea(55)ofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/aclingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustof(60)implementingtheintuitivestyle"thinking"acting↓↓進(jìn)一步解釋這種分離并不是不需要分析過(guò)程，而是acting和yzing同↓（action通常是認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題的一部分而不是執(zhí)行解決措施 Questions93-98refertothepassageAccordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTtospeedupthecreationofasolutiontoa identifya bringtogetherdisparate stipulateclearevaluatepossiblesolutionstoa Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe"writersonmanagement"mentionedinline12?TheyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionTheyhavenotbased ysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualTheyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.TheyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessTheyhavenotacknowledgedtheroleofintuitioninmanagerialWhichofthefollowingbestexemplifies"an'Aha!'experience"(line30)asitispresentedinthepassage?Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhose eisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.Amanagerrapidlyidentifiesthemethodologyusedtocompiledatayieldedbysystematicysis.Amanagerswiftlydecideswhichofseveralsetsoftacticstoimplementinordertodealwiththecontingenciessuggestedbyaproblem.Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionysisincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPTevaluationofacreationofpossiblesolutionstoaestablishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbytheactionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutacomparisonoftheprobableeffectsofdifferentsolutionstoaItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionysis?ManagerXyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoes(C)ManagerXtakes(C)ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerY(D)(D)ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaManagerXdoes(E)ManagerYdependsonday-to-daytacticalmaneuvering;ManagerXdoesThepassageprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingManagerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionysis.ManagerscannotjustifytheirintuitiveManagers'intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandytical ysisofaproblemincreasesthenumberofpossibleIntuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemore1D2D3C4D5D6EEssayLineFrazierandMoslerassertthatmedicalresearchcouldbeimprovedbyamovetowardlarger,simplerclinicaltrialsofmedicalCurrently,researcherscollectfarmore(5)informationonpatientsthanisstrictlyrequiredfortheirtrials-substantiallymorethanhospitalscollect-therebyescalatingcostsofdatacollection,storage,andysis.Althoughlimitinginformationcollectioncouldincreasetherisk(10)researcherswilloverlookfactsrelevanttoastudy,FrazierandMoslercontendthatsuchrisk,neverentirelyeliminablefromresearch,wouldstillbesmallinmoststudies.Onlyinresearchonentirelynewtreatmentsarenewandunexpectedvariables(15)likelytolimitdatacollectionon↓↓↓間接說(shuō)明F和MlimitdatacollectiononindividualFrazierandMos lerproposenotonlythatresearcherslimitdatacollectiononindividualpatientsbutalsothatresearchersenrollmorepatientsinclinicaltrials,therebyobtainingamore(20)representativesampleofthetotalpopulationwiththediseaseunderstudy.OftenresearchersjudgedsuccessfulundertheseidealconditionsAjudgedsuccessfulundertheseidealconditionsA(25)(25)thenbeevaluatedundernormalBroadeningtherangeoftrialparticipants,FrazierandMoslersuggest,wouldenableresearcherstoevaluateatreatment'sefficacyfordiversepatientsundervariousconditionsandtoevaluateits(30)effectivenessfordifferentpatientsubgroups. example,thevalueofatreatmentforaprogressivediseasemayvaryaccordingtoapatient'sstageofdisease.Patients'agesmayalsoaffectatreatment'sefficacy.enrollmorepatientsinclinicaltrials（同時(shí)這種做法的好處↓ Questions99-103refertothepassageThepassageisprimarilyconcernedidentifyingtwopracticesinmedical