2018年中考英語(yǔ)試題分類解析8：閱讀理解人物或故事類科普(答案解析)

專題08閱讀理解（人物或故事類、科普或環(huán)境保護(hù)類或健康類、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或

歷史文化教育類）.【2018年江蘇省宿遷市】In2017,whenthehighspeedtrain.Furing,leftBeijingforshanghaiataspeedof350km/h,itamazedtheworld.ItisChina'snewesthigh-speedtrainandalsothefastesttrainintheworld.Therewere2,959high-speedtrainsrunningacrossChinaby2016.Theymakeup60percentoftheworldstotalhigh-speedtrains.Chinesecompanieshavealsobuiltmorethan10high-speedrailwaysinEurope,SoutheastAsiaandSouthAmerica.AndthehighspeedtrainshasbecomeanewnamecardforChina.Besidesthehigh-speedtrains,manyotherinnovations（創(chuàng)新）havealsochangedpeople'slivesinChina.Forexample,thoughbikesharingisnotnewitselfChinahasmadeitmuchmoreconvenient.Andpopular.WhentheChinesebikesharingcompaniesreachedSingaporeandBritainmonthsago,usersthereexcitedandcouldn'twaittopostphotosofthemselvesridingthebikesonsocialmedia（媒體）.CashlesspaymenthasbecomealifestylechoiceinChinaitiscommonthatpeopleinChinagoshoppingwithnocash（現(xiàn)金）inpockets.Manypeoplejustpaywiththeirbilephonesbyscanningaquickrespondcode（QR,二維碼）fromtheseller.EvenapersonsellingvegetableshasaQRcode.ManyforeignershaveexperiencedliveswithoutcarryinganycashinChina.Theysaytheycan'tdoitwhentheyarebackhomeinEurope.Chinaisnowinagreattime.IthasmadegreatachievementsininnovationTheyaretruepicturesofnationalstrength.ItseemsthatChinaisreallyleadinginsomeways.AndChinesepeoplehaveeveryreasontobelieveinanevenbrighterfuture.34.HowmanyexamplesarementionedtoshowChina'sachievementininnovationaccordingtothepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four35.Theunderlinedword“it”means.A.livinginChina B.buyingthingswithoutcarryinganycashC.havingQRcodes D.makingenoughmoneybyworkinghardThebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.A.ChinaleadsininnovationB.SciencedevelopsveryquicklyC.ChinafacesmanychancesD.Sciencecatchestheworld'sattention【答案】34.C35.B36.A【解析】試題分析：短文通過(guò)高速列車、共享單車和無(wú)現(xiàn)金支付三個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明了中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新成就。.題意：文章列舉了多少個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新成就？考查文意理解題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，可知列舉了高速列車、共享單車和無(wú)現(xiàn)金支付三個(gè)例子，故選C。3、題意:下劃線的詞藝意思是"\考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)下文出口tp總邛1廿上。1淪3劭蟲叩ping■心nocashinpo^kets.可知是無(wú)現(xiàn)金支付品由：號(hào)酩paymm,故選30.題意:這篇文童最好的題目可能是 .考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題口A.ChinaLoadsininnovation中國(guó)引領(lǐng)創(chuàng)新：3.5由118d$包打pwveryqui比ly科學(xué)發(fā)展得很快：C.Ch^nimany:hancei中國(guó)面臨許多機(jī)會(huì)：D-邑亡旭力摩catche-s由號(hào)wMTmaumtjon科學(xué)引起全世界的注意。根據(jù)Itie-ansthatChinaisreally上adhg:n50m號(hào)vays.可知選Ac2.【2018年江蘇省宿遷市】MyfatherwasGerman,butheWorkedinEngland.Hemarriedmymother,whowasEnglish.HerfamilynamewasRobinson,sowhenIwasbornin632,inEngland,theycalledmeRobinson,afterher.MyfatherdidwellinhisbusinessandIwenttoagoodschool.Hewantedmetogetagoodjob,andliveaquiet,pleasantlife.ButIwantedadventureandanexcitinglife.“Iwanttobeasailorandgotosea",Itoldmymotherandfather.Theywereveryunhappyaboutthis.“Pleasedon'tgo."myfathersaid,"Youwon'tbehappyyouknow.Sailorshaveadifficultanddangerouslife."andbecauseIlovehim,andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.ButIcouldn'tforget,andaboutayearlater,Isawafriendintown.HisfatherhadaShipandmyfriendsaidtome,"wearesailingtoLondontomorrow.Whydon'tyoucomewithus.”O(jiān)nSeptember1",1651,IwenttoHullandthenextdaywesailedforLondon.But,afewdayslater,therewasastrongwind.Theseawasroughanddangerous,andtheshipwentupanddownupanddown.Iwasveryill,andwasveryafraid.“Oh,Idon'twanttodie!”Icried,“Iwanttolive!IfIlive,Iwillgohomeandnevergotoseaagain!”Thenextdaythewindstopped,andtheseawasquietandbeautifulagain.Well,Robinson,myfriendlaughed,"Howdoyoufeelnow?Thewindwasn'ttobad.”“What!”Icried."Itwasaterriblestorm.”“Oh,thatwasn'tastorm,"myfriendanswered,"justalittlewind.Forgetit,comeandhaveadrink.”Afterafewdrinkswithmyfriend,Ifeltbetter.Iforgotaboutthedanger,anddecidednottogohome.Ididn'twantmyfriendandfamilytolaughatme!IstayedinLondonforsometime,butIstill,wantedtogotothesea.So,whenthecaptain"g長(zhǎng)）ofashipaskmetogowithhimtoGuineainAfrica,Iagreed,AndsoIwenttotheseaforthesecondtime.Itwasagoodship,andeverythingwentwellatfirst,butIwasveryillagain.ThenwhenwewereneartheCanaryIslands,aTurkishpirate（海盜）shipcameafterus.Theywerefamousthievesoftheseaatthattime.Therewasalong,hardfight,butwhenitfinished,weandtheshipwereprisoners.TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.Theywantedtosellusasslaves（奴隸）inthemarket.Butintheend,theTurkishcaptaindecidedtokeepmeforhimself,andtookmehomewithhim.Thiswasasuddenandterriblechangeinmylife.ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.WhydidRobinsonforgetabouttheseaatthebeginning?Because he hadno moneytoownashipBecause he hasted tolive adangerous lifeBecause he wanted tomake hisparents happyBecause he looked forward togettingagoodjobWhichistherighttimeorderofwhathappenedinthestory?a.OneofRobinson'sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondonb.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhomec.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinead.Robinsondrankwithhisfriende.Alongandhardfighthappeneda-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-b-e-dD.d-c-a-b-e43.WhatdidRobinsonthinkofhisseajourney?A.EverythingwasfineB.TheseawasquietallthetimeC.ThewindwasweakD.Sealifewasdangerousattimes44.WhotookRobinsontoSalleeinMorocco?A.theTurkishCaptainB.hisfriendC.thecaptainofashipD.hisfather45.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkishRobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptainRobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptainRobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.C【解析】試題分析：短文講述了魯濱遜的兩次航海經(jīng)歷，充滿了危險(xiǎn)，第二次遭遇了海盜被俘，他成為土耳其船長(zhǎng)的奴隸。.題意：為什么魯濱孫起初忘記了大海？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)andbecauseIlovehi叫andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.，可知魯濱遜愛自己的父母，想讓他們高興，故選C。.題意：故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序是什么？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。a.OneofRobinson’sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondon魯濱孫的一個(gè)朋友邀請(qǐng)他去倫敦航行。b.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhome土耳其船長(zhǎng)帶魯濱孫回家。c.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinea船長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)魯濱孫和他一起去幾內(nèi)亞。d.Robinsondrankwithhisfriend魯濱孫和他的朋友一起喝酒。e.Alongandhardfighthappened一場(chǎng)漫長(zhǎng)而艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗發(fā)生了。根據(jù)短文的敘述，魯濱孫先是在鎮(zhèn)上遇到一個(gè)朋友，朋友邀請(qǐng)他去倫敦航行……途中了遭遇海盜……最后土耳其船長(zhǎng)帶魯濱孫回家?？芍猘-d-c-e-b正確，故選A。.題意：魯濱孫認(rèn)為他的海上旅行怎么樣？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Itwasaterriblestorm.，可知海上旅行很危險(xiǎn)，故選D。.題意：誰(shuí)把魯濱孫帶到了摩洛哥的Sallee？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.，可知是土耳其船長(zhǎng)，故選A。.題意：從這篇文章中我們能推斷出什么？考查綜合理解題。A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkish魯濱孫想為土耳其人效勞。B.RobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptain魯濱孫和土耳其船長(zhǎng)幸福地生活在一起。C.RobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptain魯濱孫成了土耳其船長(zhǎng)的奴隸。D.RobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain魯濱孫和土耳其船長(zhǎng)交了朋友。根據(jù)最后一句ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.，可知魯濱孫成了土耳其船長(zhǎng)的奴隸，故選C。3.【2018年江西中考】Ayoungwomanturnsaroundandaroundquickly,andjumpshigh.Inthebackground,ayounggirlreadsarejection（拒絕）letterfromaballetschool.Youhavethewrongbodyforballet,'itsays,'andatthirteen,youaretooold.Thiswasoneofthemostpopularadvertisements（廣告）of2014anditdescribesAmericanballetTheatre'sprincipal（主要的）dancerMistyCopeland.Thiswasnotarealletter.ButCopelandsaysitisverysimilartolettersfromherchildhood.Whilemanydancersstartattheageofthree.Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.Peopleoftentoldherthatshewastooold,orthatshedidn'thavetheperfectbodytype（Sheisonly157cmtall）.Herfamilymovedalot,anditwassometimesdifficultforhertoattendballetclasses.ButCopelandloveddancinganddidnotwanttogiveup.Shestayedwithherballetteacherduringtheweekandspenttimewithherfamilyonlyattheweekend.Thiswasadifficultlife,butsheworkedhardandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionwhenshewasfourteenyearsold.CopelandjoinedtheAmericanBalletTheatrein2000andperformedinmanyballetsoverthenextfewyears.In2007,shebecameasolo（單獨(dú)的）performer,andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.Copelandisnowadancer,authorandBroadwayperformer.Shealsostarsinthe2015filmABallerina'sTale.Sowhat'snext?AccordingtoCopeland,anythingispossible:"Mycareer（職業(yè)）reallyisjustnowbeginning.'HowoldwasCopelandwhenshebecametheprincipaldancer?A.13142533WhywasitdifficultforCopelandtoattendballetclasses?Becauseherfamilymovedalot.Becauseshewasnotagooddancer.Becauseshehadnoinvitationletter.Becauseshehadthewrongbodytype.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Copelandbecamesuccessfulbecauseoftheadvertisement.Copelandhadtospendalotoftimeawayfromherparents.Copelandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionasasoloperformer.CopelandhasendeduphercareerasanactressonBroadway.What'sthewriter'sopinionofCopeland?Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.Copelandwasluckytogetsupportfromtheballetschool.【答案】37.D38.A39.B40.A【解析】試題分析：這是一篇記敘文，講述了曾經(jīng)因?yàn)槟挲g太大被舞蹈學(xué)校拒絕的科普蘭憑借自己的努力成為了一名舞蹈家、作家和百老匯演員。詮釋了一切皆有可能的道理。37.題意：當(dāng)她成為首席舞蹈家時(shí)，科普蘭有多大年紀(jì)？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和數(shù)字理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三行Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.1995年她13歲，結(jié)合段尾andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.2015年成為首席舞蹈家，可知2015—1995+13=33,故選D。3S.題意：為什么科普蘭很難參加芭蕾舞裸？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HerfamiAmoveda：ot:andIfdiffforhertoattendcasses.,可知她老師耀家導(dǎo)致很難去上芭蕾舞課,故選三.題意：根據(jù)文童，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的勺考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題口A.Coplandbecameiucceiifu：be-causeofthe因?yàn)閺V告,科普蘭成功了口B.Coplandhadto5pe-nda'otof fromheipare-nti,科普蘭不得不花很多時(shí)間離開父母＜■C.Coplandvonli?tfirstnatxna'compex：vonasa二口:口口出加舊上作為一位獨(dú)奏演員、科普蘭贏得了她的第一次全國(guó)比寒口3.CoplandhasGildeduph?rcartelasanam號(hào)瓷on”.科普蘭結(jié)束了她在百老匯的女演員生'涯口根據(jù)Sh"stayedwithhetbal'etteacherdurinsthev至kandspoilttimewithhsrfamiS-on：vatthe冒食keiid.,可知她不得不花很多盹間離開父母,故選30.題意：作者對(duì)Copeland的看法是什么？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.科普蘭樹立了一個(gè)永不放棄的榜樣。B.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.科普蘭年紀(jì)太大，不能在十三歲開始芭蕾舞。C.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.科普蘭意外地取得了成就。D.Copelandwasluckytogetsupportfromtheballetschool.科普蘭很幸運(yùn)得到芭蕾舞學(xué)校的支持。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，雖然作者寫道她跳芭蕾較晚，但這不是作者的觀點(diǎn)而是別人的看法，作者講述的是Copeland面對(duì)困難永不言棄的經(jīng)歷，可知選A。點(diǎn)睛：對(duì)于閱讀理解題，首先要粗讀文章了解大意，其次通過(guò)細(xì)讀，理解全文。在粗讀的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)閱讀題后所給的題目，根據(jù)題目要求，再有重點(diǎn)地返回來(lái)仔細(xì)閱讀。在閱讀理解的題目中，所設(shè)問題主要有以下幾種方式：找主題或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具體事實(shí)和情節(jié)進(jìn)行提問、根據(jù)文章的表層意思進(jìn)行深層次的推理判斷等，在細(xì)讀時(shí)，要根據(jù)設(shè)問的方式，進(jìn)行有側(cè)重地閱讀。1、概括文章中心思想。1）文首呈現(xiàn)主題句。2）文尾出現(xiàn)主題句。3）首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題。4）文中表述主題。前面提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后再做進(jìn)一步的解釋。5）文章沒有主題句。在這種情況下，考生要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)。進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的主題句。2.掌握文章的具體事實(shí)和重要情節(jié)。在考題中，經(jīng)常會(huì)見到就文章中某一具體事實(shí)和重要情節(jié)進(jìn)行測(cè)試的題目。這就要求考生在閱讀時(shí)要注意辨認(rèn)和記憶具體事實(shí)，重要情節(jié)，事物的起因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等，這些都有可能作為測(cè)試點(diǎn)。還有一些測(cè)試題，要求考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，比如計(jì)算、排序等題型。4.【2018年江西中考】Manypeoplesaydolphinsareintelligent.Theyseemtobeabletothink,understandandlearnthingsquickly.Butaretheyassmartashumans,oraretheymorelikecatsanddogs?Dolphinsusetheirbrainsquitedifferentlyfromthewayhumansdo.Butscientistssaydolphinsandhumansareverysimilarinsomeways.How?Likehumans,everydolphinhasitsown"name”.Thenameisaspecialwhistle（哨聲）.Eachdolphinchoosesaspecific（特有的）whistleforitself,usuallybyitsfirstbirthdayDolphinsarelikepeopleinotherways,too.They"talk"toeachotheraboutalotofthings-suchastheirage,theirfeelings,andfindingfood.Theyalsouseasystemofsoundsandbodylanguagetocommunicate.Understandingdolphinconversationisnoteasyforhumans.Noone"speaksdolphin"yet,butsomescientistsaretryingtolearn.Dolphinsarealsosocialanimals.Theyliveingroupscalledpods,andtheyoftenjoinothersfromdifferentpodstoplaygamesandhavefun--justlikepeople.Scientistsbelieveplayingtogetherissomethingonlyintelligentanimalsdo.Dolphinsandhumansaresimilarinanotherway:bothspeciesmakeplansforgettingthingstheywant.IntheseasofsouthernBrazil,forexample,dolphinsuseanintelligentplantogetfood.Whentherearefishnearaboat,dolphinssignal（發(fā)信號(hào)）tothefishermentoputtheirnetsinthewater.Usingthismethod,themencancatchalotoffish.Whydodolphinshelpthemen?Thereisanadvantageforthemtheygettoeatsomeofthefishthatescape（逃脫）fromthenet.Whatisadolphin's“name”？Itisakindofgame.Itisabodysign.Itisadolphin'sage.Itisaspecificsound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“others“referto?Otherfishes.OtherpeopleOtherdolphinsOthergamesWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?Somescientistscanunderstanddolphinssystemofsounds.Dolphinsprobablyhelpfishermenbyusingtheirbodylanguage.Humansjoindolphins'groupstogetthingswewant.Dolphinscantalktohumansabouttheirageandtheirfeelings.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Dolphinscancommunicatewitheachotheratbirth.Dolphinsaresocialanimalsbecausetheyplaytogether.Dolphinsaresmartandarelikehumansinsomeways.Dolphinshelphumansdomanythingslikecatchingfish.【答案】41.D42.C43.B44.C【解析】試題分析：這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述了海豚在各方面與人類的相似點(diǎn)。.題意：海豚的名字是什么？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thenameisaspecialwhistle,可知是一種特殊的哨音，故選D。.題意：劃線詞“others”指的是什么？考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)Dolphinsarealsosocialanimals.Theyliveingroupscalledpods,andtheyoftenjoinothersfromdifferentpodstoplaygamesandhavefun--justlikepeople.,可知指的是其他的海豚，故選C。.題意：從這篇文章中我們能推斷出什么？考查推理判斷題。A.Somescientistscanunderstanddolphinssystemofsounds.一些科學(xué)家能理解海豚的聲音系統(tǒng)。B.Dolphinsprobablyhelpfishermenbyusingtheirbodylanguage.海豚可能通過(guò)使用他們的肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)幫助漁民。C.Humansjoindolphins'groupstogetthingswewant.人類加入海豚團(tuán)體來(lái)獲得我們想要的東西。D.Dolphinscantalktohumansabouttheirageandtheirfeelings.海豚可以和人類談?wù)撍麄兊哪挲g和情感。根據(jù)Whentherearefishnearaboat,dolphinssignaltothefishermentoputtheirnetsinthewater.Usingthismethod,themencancatchalotoffish.,可知海豚可能會(huì)通過(guò)使用他們的肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)幫助漁民捕魚，故選B。.題意;這篇文童的主要思想是什么?考查主旨理解題。A.Dauphinscancommimicatewi±?a<hoteathtth.海監(jiān)可以在出生時(shí)互相交流/文中沒有提及atb1由，故說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤口3.Polphxsaresocialanimalsbecau竟由看plaFmgttha■.海豚是群居動(dòng)物，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谝黄鹜嫠＃贿@是結(jié)果而非原因」故說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤口0.Dolphinsaresmartand盯匕醍humansinsom?曾遍三.海豚是聰明的，在某些方面就像人類一樣；根據(jù)ButscienLstssaydoiphimandhumansarezcrv蟲m:aiin3clmtvavs.可知說(shuō)法正確口D.Dc^phinshEphumansdomany曲電"i蹌etching才依海豚幫助人類做很多事情，比如捕魚？文中沒有提到海豚能幫助人類做很多事情，可知說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)以上分析，故選C,5.【2018年江西中考】Everyyearon15thOctober,over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldtakepartinGlobalHandwashingDay.Butwhydowehaveadayforsomethingwedoallthetime?Well,researchshowsthatnotenoughpeopleoftenwashtheirhandswithsoap.Expertsbelievethatthisleadstothedeathsofmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.Sidibe,apublichealthexpertsayssoapisthemostbeautifulinventioninpublichealth'.Washingyourhandswithsoapcanhaveahugeimpactonreducing（減少）thespreadofdiseases.Handwashingwithsoappreventsbabiesfromgettingillandkeepschildrenhealthyandinschool.However,washinghandswithsoapdoesnothappenasoftenasyoumightthink.Thisispartlybecausetherearen'tenoughresources（資源）inpoorercountries,butit'salsobecauseformanypeople,handwashingissimplynotpartoftheireverydaylife.It'snoteasytogetpeopletochangehabitstheylearnedinearlychildhood--butthisiswhatGlobalHandwashingDaywantstodo.In2008,theIndiancricketteamjoinedaround100millionIndianschoolchildreninwashingtheirhandstopromote（促進(jìn)）thefirsteverGlobalHandwashingDay.Everyyearsincethen,manydifferenteventshavebeenheldaroundtheworld.In2014.GlobalHandwashingDaywasusedinthefightagainstEbola,averyseriousdisease,witheventsheldinaffected（受感染的）Africancountries.Today,localandnationalleaderscontinuetousethedaytospreadthemessageabouttheimportanceofcleanhands.Thehopeisthathandwashingbecomesanecessarypartofpeople'slivesandimprovesthehealthofmillionsaroundtheworld.WhostartedGlobalHandwashingDay?Publichealthexperts.TheIndians.Africanschoolchildren.Governmentleaders.Whatdoestheunderlinedword""impact"mean?A.Danger.B.Influence.C.Background.D.Problem.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?Washinghandswithsoapisgoodforpublichealth.Washinghandswithsoapdoesn'tbecomepartofpeople'slives.Peopleareholdingmanydifferenteventstofightagainstdiseases.Peopleallovertheworldareencouragedtowashhandswithsoap.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?LearningtoUseSoap.FightingAgainstDiseases.LivingaHealthyLife.ChangingYourHabits.【答案】45.B46.B47.D48.A【解析】試題分析：這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述了全球洗手日對(duì)清潔雙手的促進(jìn)作用，借全球洗手日來(lái)表現(xiàn)清潔雙手對(duì)人體健康的重要意義。.題意：誰(shuí)開始了全球洗手日？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段In2008,theIndiancricketteamjoinedaround100millionIndianschoolchildreninwashingtheirhandstopromotethefirsteverGlobalHandwashingDay.目的是促進(jìn)第一個(gè)GlobalHandwashingDay，可知選B。.題意：下劃線單詞“impact”是什么意思？考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)第二段Washingyourhandswithsoapcanhaveahugeimpactonreducingthespreadofdiseases.Handwashingwithsoappreventsbabiesfromgettingillandkeepschildrenhealthyandinschool.減少疾病傳播是好事，可排除AD兩項(xiàng)；而C項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是背景，不合文意，故選B。.題意：最后一段的主要內(nèi)容是什么？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.Washinghandswithsoapisgoodforpublichealth.用肥皂洗手有益于公眾健康。B.Washinghandswithsoapdoesn'tbecomepartofpeople'slives.用肥皂洗手不會(huì)成為人們生活的一部分。C.Peopleareholdingmanydifferenteventstofightagainstdiseases.人們正在舉行許多不同的事件來(lái)對(duì)抗疾病。D.Peopleallovertheworldareencouragedtowashhandswithsoap.世界各地的人們都被鼓勵(lì)用肥皂洗手。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，講的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)繼續(xù)使用GlobalHandwashingDay，傳播洗手的重要性，可知選D。.題意：這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？考查主旨理解題。A.LearningtoUseSoap.學(xué)習(xí)使用肥皂；符合文意，說(shuō)法正確。B.FightingAgainstDiseases.對(duì)抗疾病；不合文意，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。C.LivingaHealthyLife.過(guò)上健康的生活；范圍過(guò)大，不合實(shí)際，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。D.ChangingYourHabits.改變你的習(xí)慣；范圍過(guò)大，不合實(shí)際，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文意，講的是GlobalHandwashingDay，強(qiáng)調(diào)用水洗手的重要性，故選A。【2018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】Oneday,astwolittleboyswerewalkingalongtheroad,theypassedawomancarryingalargebasketofapples.Theboysthoughtthewomanlookedverypaleandtired,sotheysaid,“Areyougoingtotown?Ifyouare,wewillcarryyourbasket.""Thankyou,"repliedthewoman,Thenshetoldthemthatshehadadisabledson.Shelivedinasmallhousethreemilesaway,andwasnowgoingtothemarkettoselltheappleswhichgrewontheonlytreeinherlittlegarden.Sheneededthemoneyfortheirliving."Wearegoingthesamewayyouare,"saidtheboysandtheytookholdofthebasket,oneoneachside,andtrudgedalongwithmerryhearts.Thepoorwomanlookedglad,andsaidthatshehopedtheirmotherwouldnotbeangrywiththem."Oh,no,"theyreplied,"ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan."Thewomanthenofferedtogivethemafewapplesfortheirhelp."No,thankyou.Wewantnothingforwhatwehavedone,"saidtheboys.Whenthewomangothome,shetoldhersonwhathadhappenedontheroad,andtheywerebothmadehappierthatdaybythekindnessofthetwoboys.Anotherday,thewomansawhissonstopandpickupapieceoforangepeel,whichhethrewintothedustbin."Iwishpeoplewouldnotthroworangepeelonthesidewalk,"saidtheson.“Someonemaywalkuponit,andfall.”“Thatisright,mydear,”shesaid."Itisalittlethingforyoutodowhatyouhavedone,butitshowsthatyou'rethoughtfulandconsiderate."34.Whydidthetwoboyshelpthewomancarrythebasket?Theywantedtoeatsomeapples.Theirteachertoldthemtodothat.Theirmothertaughtthemtobehelpful.Theywereaskedbythewomantohelpher.35.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTrue?Thewomanhadalotofappletreesinhergarden.Everyonecanbeginwithsmallthingstohelpothers.Thewomandidn'thavemoneytosendhersontoschool.Poorpeoplewereinneedofmorehelpthanrichpeople.Inthethirdparagraph,theunderlinedword"trudged"iscloseinmeaningto.walkeddancedJumpedclimbedWhatcanbeatitleforthepassage?ABasketofApplesMotherandHerSonSmallActofKindnessOntheWaytotheTown【答案】34.C35.B36.A37.C1解析】文章大意：本文講述了兩個(gè)小男孩在路上幫助一位婦人背蘋果到市場(chǎng)去，這位婦人非常感謝他們,并提出給他們幾個(gè)蘋果，但兩個(gè)男孩謝絕了。婦人回冢后把這件事告訴了般的殘疾兒子。然后有一天，婦人看見他的兒子撿起了一塊橘子皮扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱,并且說(shuō)「希望人們不要在人行道上仍橘子皮，有人可能會(huì)踩到它,然后摔倒Z婦人告訴兒干做得對(duì)，并表?yè)P(yáng)了兒子..細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan.可知，是他們的媽媽教他們要樂于助人，故答案選C。.推理判斷題。A、這個(gè)女人的花園里有很多蘋果樹。根據(jù)andwasnowgoingtothemarkettoselltheappleswhichgrewontheonlytreeinherlittlegarden.可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B、每個(gè)人都可以從小事做起來(lái)幫助他人。根據(jù)ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan.以及Itisalittlethingforyoutodowhatyouhavedone,butitshowsthatyou'rethoughtfulandconsiderate.可知B選項(xiàng)是正確的；C、那個(gè)女人沒有錢送兒子上學(xué)。通讀文章的第二段可知本文只是告訴我們那個(gè)女人有一個(gè)殘疾兒子，而且她的生活很拮據(jù)，但并沒有告訴我們那個(gè)女人沒有錢送兒子上學(xué)，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D、窮人比婦人需要更多的幫助。通讀全文可知文中并沒有提到這樣的話題，所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；本題是問哪一個(gè)句子是正確的，故答案選B。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Wearegoingthesamewayyouare,"saidtheboysandtheytookholdofthebasket,oneoneachside,andtrudgedalongwithmerryhearts.“我們和你走的是同一條路”，孩子們說(shuō)著，抓住籃子，兩邊各一個(gè)，心情愉快地—，由語(yǔ)境可知孩子們是一邊一個(gè)抬著籃子愉快地向前走去，故答案選A。.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知本文是講述了兩個(gè)小男孩幫助幫助一位婦人背蘋果到市場(chǎng)去，婦人很感激他們。回家后婦人把這件事告訴了她自己的兒子，她的兒子受其影響把路邊的橘子皮撿起來(lái)仍進(jìn)了垃圾桶。他們所做的都是微不足道的小事，所以選項(xiàng)C“小小的善舉”符合題意，故答案選C?！?018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】Helloandwelcometo"WordsandTheirStories".Wewillresearchintosomecommonlyusedwordsandexpressions.Aswithotherlanguages,AmericanEnglishisrichinexpressionsthatcomefromanimals.Todaywewilltalkaboutthewolf.WolvesareimportantanimalsinthetraditionsandstoriesofAmerica.BeforetheEuropeansarrivedatnorthAmericainthe1500s,tonative（土著的）Americans,wolvesoftenmeantbeingbrave.However,inEnglish,wolvesarenottobetrusted.Perhapswolvesattackedtoomanypeopleoratetoomanyfarmanimals.Whateverthereason,wolveswerekilledinmanyplaces.Somanydiedthattheyalmostbecameendangered.Theyalsobecameknownasbadanimals.Tobeginwith,thereisanexpressionlonewolfIfwecallsomebodyalonewolf,heisn'tabadperson,buthemayliketodothingsbyhimself.Infact,hesometimesmakesyouthinkhedoesn'twanttobearoundpeoplebecausehedislikesthem.Now,let'smoveontothehome.Parentstelltheirchildrennottowolfdowntheirfood.Inotherwords,thechildeatstooquicklyandwithoutcare.Andifsomeonesaysachildwasraisedbywolves,thatchildhasbadmannersandisbehavinglikeawildanimal.Awolfcallisthenoisemadebyamantoshowthathelikesthe way awomanlooks. Butawolfcallisnotanicething.Thesemensoundrude.Andtrustme, most womenreallyhate wolfcalls.So,theydon'thelpamaninthegameoflove.Bytheway,thereisapopularexpressionaboutwolffroma very old story:awolf insheep'sclothingAwolfinsheep'sclothingdescribessomeonewho acts and looksniceon theoutsidebutisbadontheinside.Ittellsusnottobefooledbyappearances.Whatcanweknowafterreadingthepassage?Wolvesaredangerousandshouldbekilledinordertoprotectotheranimals.OnlyinAmericanEnglishcanweexpecttofindexpressionsaboutwolves.Indifferentareasandtimes,wolvesmakepeoplethinkofdifferentthings.NobodylivedinnorthAmericabeforetheEuropeanswentthereinthe1500s.Ifapersoniscalledalonewolfwhichofthefollowingthingsishemostlikelytodo?A.Helpingclassmatestofinishhomework.Stealingmoneyifnobodyiswatching.Makingmanyfriendswithpeoplearound.Goingtoseeamovieonhisownafterschool.Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanbeusedonastudentwhooftenbreaksschoolrules?A.Alonewolf.Raisedbywolves.Wolfcall.Awolfinsheep'sclothing.Whereisitpossibleforustofindthepassageabove?Abookfortravelguide.Amagazineontradeandbusiness.Asciencereport.AprogramforEnglishlearning.【答案】38.C39.D40.B41.D【解析】文章大意：本文主要講述了一些關(guān)于狼的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和故事。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WolvesareimportantanimalsinthetraditionsandstoriesofAmerica.BeforetheEuropeansarrivedatnorthAmericainthe1500s,tonativeAmericans,wolvesoftenmeantbeingbrave.以及However,inEnglish,wolvesarenottobetrusted.Perhapswolvesattackedtoomanypeopleoratetoomanyfarmanimals.…Theyalsobecameknownasbadanimals.可知C選項(xiàng)“在不同的地區(qū)和時(shí)代，狼讓人們想到不同的東西”符合題意，故答案選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ifwecallsomebodyalonewolf,heisn'tabadperson,buthemayliketodothingsbyhimself.可知D選項(xiàng)“放學(xué)后自己去看電影”符合題意，故答案選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Andifsomeonesaysachildwasraisedbywolves,thatchildhasbadmannersandisbehavinglikeawildanimal.可知，一個(gè)被狼養(yǎng)大的孩子，那么他的行為舉止就像野獸一樣，由此可以推知像這樣的孩子在學(xué)校應(yīng)該是經(jīng)常違反校規(guī)的，故答案選Bo.文章出處題。根據(jù)Helloandwelcam?to''WordsandTheirStorLei".WewillresearchintosomecommonlyusedwardsandexpreEEicms..Aswithothsrlanguages：AmerWan三ng二shisrichine-xpressionsthatcome-fromanimak可知，本文可能在一本英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃里能找到，故答案選D。8.【2018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】PossibleEarth-LikePlanetNextDoor?Scientistssaytheydiscoveredanearth-likeplanetoutsideoursolarsystem（太陽(yáng)系）.Itisaplanetthatcouldsupportlife.Thisplanetisjust4.2lightyearsawayfromus.Itissoclosethatspacescientistshaveconsidereditasanextdoorneighbor.Theysayitcouldbereachedbyanunmannedspaceshipbeforetheendofthe century--in timeforpeoplealivetodaytosee it.Aninternationalteam ofscientists foundtheplanetmovingaroundthe starcalled ""ProximaCentauri".Theresult cameoutlast monthfromthescientificmagazine Nature.Scientistshavelongthoughtthataplanetwithwaterisimportantforlife.Andithastobeneithertoohotnortoocold.Thenewly-discoveredplanetisalittlelargerthanearthScientistshavenameditProximaB.Itmovesarounditssun,ProximaCentauri,onceevery11days.Americanscientistshavebeenusinginstrumentsforyearstolookforearth-likeplanets.In2013,scientists'bestguesswasthatthereareaboutonebillion（1,000million）""earths"inspace.AlanBossisthechairmanofagroupforouterspaceresearch.HesaidthatProximaBnotonlyconfirms（確認(rèn)）thediscoveryofaplanet,butalsoincreasesthenumberofotherpossible“earths”greatly.Bosssaiditispossible,evenlikely,thatmoststarshaveatleastoneearth-likeplanet,whichheconsiderssurprising.Sofromtheearlynumberofabillion,thisnewresearchsuggeststheremaybeasmanypossibleearth-likeplanetsastherearestarsintheGalaxy（銀河系）.Thatis,anywherefrom250billionto500billion"earths".ThismakesthepossibilityoflivingthingsincreasinglylikelyBosssaidhebelieveshumanbeingswillbeabletoshowthatthereislifeinplacesbesideseart