托福聽力詞匯完整版

新托福IBT聽力場(chǎng)景入學(xué)：enrollment/register登記,注冊(cè)openingceremonyn.開業(yè)典禮，儀式commencementceremony畢業(yè)典禮convocationn.正式會(huì)議（可扌旨簡(jiǎn)單的畢業(yè)典禮）orientationmeeting開學(xué)說明會(huì)staffn.全體職員freshman（大學(xué)）一年級(jí)學(xué)生sophomore（大學(xué)）二年級(jí)學(xué)生junior（大學(xué)）三年級(jí)學(xué)生senior（大學(xué)）四年級(jí)學(xué)生tuitionfee費(fèi)用placementtest開學(xué)測(cè)試excellent出色的average平均的，一般的belowaverage低于平均水平的，差的結(jié)構(gòu)及稱謂:chancellor名譽(yù)校長(zhǎng)college學(xué)院science/artsschool理科/文科學(xué)院undergraduate本科postgraduate/graduate研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐廳/cafeteria.自助餐廳dininghall食堂administrationbuilding行政大樓wing/annex配樓teachingbuilding教學(xué)樓dormitoryn.宿舍auditoriumn.會(huì)堂，禮堂=lecturehallassemblyn.集合,集會(huì)computerlab計(jì)算實(shí)驗(yàn)室，機(jī)房university-president大學(xué)，校選課學(xué)科archaeology考古學(xué)學(xué)科major主修minor副修science理科,arts文科,engineering工科Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)physics物理chemistry化學(xué)biology生物學(xué)（micro-微marin-海洋）geography地理學(xué)electronics電子學(xué)computerscience計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)astronomy天文學(xué)electronicsengineering電子工程學(xué)botany植物學(xué)psychology心理學(xué)zoology動(dòng)物學(xué)architecture建筑學(xué)oceanography海洋學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)medicalscience醫(yī)學(xué)history歷史學(xué)linguistic語言學(xué)pedagogy教育學(xué)，教學(xué)法anthropology人類學(xué)economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)accounting會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)philosophy哲學(xué)課程類型required、compulsorycourse必修課selective/optionalcourse選修課electivecourse選修課lecture講座seminar高級(jí)研討性課colloquiumn.扌艮告課tutorial個(gè)人輔導(dǎo)課程workshop專題課程級(jí)別Introductory入門級(jí)elementary,fundamental初級(jí)Intermediate,secondary中級(jí)Advanced高級(jí)Prerequisite先修課程上課：Syllabus教學(xué)大綱Requiredtextbook要求的課本Attendance出勤Gradingsystem打分體系Classparticipation課堂參與Otherssemester/term學(xué)期quarter小學(xué)期courseguideline課程綱要exemption免修Professor'ssignature教授的簽字（用于注冊(cè)課程）Coursecap課程容量（可以招收的學(xué)生數(shù)）openings（可供注冊(cè)的名額）Take選（課），drop退（課）Deregistration注銷教師稱號(hào)professor教授lecturer=instructor講師teachingassistant=TA助教researchassistant=RA助研counselor，adviser咨詢者，顧問president大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)faculty全體教職員dean院長(zhǎng)coordinator班主任，協(xié)調(diào)人tutor個(gè)人輔導(dǎo)supervisor管理人作業(yè)：assignment作業(yè)（lab/book/oral/mixmedia）report實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告project項(xiàng)目survey調(diào)查presentation發(fā)言termpaper學(xué)期論文（researchthesis/essay/dissertation論文finaldraft完成稿journal學(xué)術(shù)期刊socialinvestigation社會(huì)調(diào)查questionnairen.調(diào)查表，問卷observationn.觀察interviewvt.n.米訪collectdata收集數(shù)據(jù)broad（論文等）內(nèi)容寬泛narrowdown（論文等）縮小范圍source（寫論文的）參考資料criticalthinking評(píng)判性思維lackyourownideas缺少自己的想法deadlinen.最終期限extension延期duedate/time期|限outlinen.大綱，提綱（roadmap）bibliographyn書目，參考書目reference參考plagiarismn.抄襲revisev.修改rewritev.重寫speechn.演講presentation演講，陳述eyecontact目光接觸intonation音調(diào)考試：mid-termexam期中考finalexams=finals期末考cumulativefinal總結(jié)性考試take-homeexam（拿回家的開卷考試，一般有限定的時(shí)間）open-bookexam開卷考試subjectivetest主觀性測(cè)試objectivetest客觀性測(cè)試popquiz抽查式測(cè)驗(yàn)bluebook答題本assessmentn估價(jià)appraisaln.評(píng)價(jià)，估價(jià)makeupfor補(bǔ)考，resit,retake重考grade（mark、score）分?jǐn)?shù)成績(jī)：lowgrade低分highmark高分passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks滿分straightAs全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB加AminusA減passtheexamwithflyingcolors以優(yōu)異成績(jī)通過考試graduatewithhonors以榮譽(yù)畢業(yè)diploma,degree,certificate文憑，學(xué)位，證書考試問題：分析成績(jī)低的原因，給出解決辦法圖書館：library圖書館librarian圖書管理員publication出版物periodical期刊bookcatalog圖書目錄classifiedcatalog分類目錄titleindex書目索引alphabeticindex按字母順序排列的索引circulationdesk借書處reservedbooks館藏書（只能在圖書館內(nèi)借閱）librarycard借書證overduefine過期罰金periodicalreadingroom期刊閱覽室onlinejournal在線期刊videotape錄像帶backissue過期雜志currentissue近期雜志archive檔案non-fiction非小說類文學(xué)作品science-fiction科幻小說copier復(fù)印機(jī)checkout辦理（借、還）手續(xù)renew續(xù)借overdue過期interlibraryservice館際服務(wù)部分名稱informationdeskn.月服務(wù)臺(tái)delivery/circulationdesk借書臺(tái)shelfn.書架（vt.）stacks書架photocopyroom復(fù)印室returnarea還書處studentslocker學(xué)生存儲(chǔ)間referencesection參考書部科研過程Hypothesis假說Alternativehypothesis擇一^假說Nullhypothesis無效假說,零假說CollectdataSurvey調(diào)查Questionnaire調(diào)查問卷Experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)Interfere,influence打擾Observation觀察Analyzedata分析數(shù)據(jù)Interpretdata翻譯數(shù)據(jù)Analysis分析Analytical分析的Subject主題，科目，受制于…的SampleTreatmentgroup實(shí)驗(yàn)組Controlgroup實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)照組校內(nèi)工作，課外活動(dòng)及尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)援助：Letter 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Climaticchanges氣候變化Consistentpattern統(tǒng)一的，始終一致的Solarenergy太陽能Radiate發(fā)射，放射Crudeapproximation大概的猜測(cè)Speculation猜測(cè)Coolingdown冷去卩Mechanism機(jī)制LengthofthedayPhysicalforce體力Imaginaryline虛擬線Artificialreservoir人工水庫(kù)LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋轉(zhuǎn)Minerals礦物質(zhì)Diverse多樣的Specimen,Sample樣品Abundant豐富的Firingvapor炙熱的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，徹底消滅MtEverest珠穆朗瑪峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement精確的測(cè)量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系統(tǒng)Longitude經(jīng)度Latitude維度Alternativesourcesofenergy可替代資源Gashydrate氣體水合物Trap困住Flame火焰Potential潛在的Model模式Geologicalfault地質(zhì)斷層Crack裂縫seismicgap地震活動(dòng)空白地帶Glassy像玻璃的 chunkGlassy像玻璃的 chunk大塊Amazonstones天河石 cylinder圓柱cylindrical圓柱形的groundtiltmeasurement地傾斜觀測(cè)evacuate撤出sedimentaryadj.沉淀性的accumulate積累商業(yè)Insurance保險(xiǎn)Note注意Contract合約Verbalagreement口頭協(xié)議Repay償還Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious謹(jǐn)慎的Paramount極為重要的Manufacture制造Label標(biāo)簽Contention所持觀點(diǎn)Inform告知Cost成本Profit利潤(rùn)loss損失Net凈的，gross粗略的Supplyanddemand供求Supplychain供應(yīng)鏈Fluctuation浮動(dòng)Recession衰退Depression蕭條Marketingstrategies市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷策略Survey調(diào)查Surplus剩余Shipment運(yùn)輸Distribution分布Retail零售Wholesale批發(fā)Franchise特許經(jīng)營(yíng)Budget預(yù)算哲學(xué)Socrates,PlatoandAristotleTheme主題Logic邏輯Rhetoric修辭Fundamentalcauses基本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙Intrinsic內(nèi)部的的原則Perceive看待，觀察Perception觀點(diǎn)Sense感覺Soul靈魂spiritElement組成成分Reasoning推理Ration理性，rational有理性的Contemplation沉思，思考Judgment判斷Just公正的，justice公正Justify證明，justification合理的理由Explicit明確的Ethics道德規(guī)范Ethicaltheory倫理理論Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth終極真理Universal普遍的Searchfortruth追求真理Varyv.不相同Extrinsic外部的Critic評(píng)論家Old-fashioned過時(shí)的Valuable有價(jià)值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal開放的Impractical不實(shí)際的Empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的Cognitive認(rèn)知的Weaken削弱Diminish（影響力）減小Medieval中世紀(jì)Renaissance文藝復(fù)興Doctrine教義，主義，學(xué)說Idealism唯心論，理想主義Epistemologyn.認(rèn)識(shí)論Metaphysics形而上學(xué)，玄學(xué)Reconcile和解，調(diào)停天文學(xué)astronomyconstellation星座planet行星outerspace夕卜太空sun恒星gravityn.重力Jupiter木星equatorn.赤道Pluto冥王星tropical熱帶的planet行星outerspace夕卜太空sun恒星gravityn.重力Jupiter木星equatorn.赤道Pluto冥王星tropical熱帶的Saturn土星brightnessn.亮度Mercury水星dimensionn.維度Mars火星distancen.距離Venus金星Eclipse(日月食)Neptune海王星Wane,diminishv.逐漸變小Uranus天王星CentripetalUranus天王星Ceres谷物星(thelargest Centrifugal離心asteroidandthefirstNebula星云Axisn.軸Axisn.軸Astronomical天文的discovered)Whitedwarf白矮星BigDipper北斗七星Asteroidbelt小行星帶MilkyWay銀河系Galaxyn.星系orbitv.運(yùn)行n.軌道rotatev.轉(zhuǎn)(animmensecloudofgas(mainlyhydrogen)anddustininterstellarspace)Nebulousadj.星云的Gas氣體(rock,ice,hydrogen,oxygen)Particle微粒Polarlight極光Astrophysics天文物理學(xué)BigDipper北斗七星Blackhole黑洞Celestial天體的Celestialmap天體圖Centrifugalforce離心力Chondrite球粒狀隕石Chromosphere太陽的色球?qū)覥lockwise順時(shí)針Cluster星團(tuán)，一群星星Comet彗星Cosmos宇宙，cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙學(xué)Emission排放物，發(fā)射Faint微弱的Feeble微弱的Gaseousbodies氣態(tài)包Gravitationalforce吸引力Greenwichmeantime格林尼治時(shí)間Highresolution高清晰度Ignite引燃Illusiveobject幻影物體Image影響，形象Infinite無限的Infraredray紅外射線Interferometer干擾儀Intergalactic星系間的Internationaldateline國(guó)際日期變更線Interplanetary星球間的Interstellar星際的Leapyear閏年Lightyear光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar陰歷的，月亮的Massive巨大的Meteor流星Meteorshower流星雨Meteorite隕石Meteoroid流星體Molten融化的Nakedeye裸眼Observatory天文臺(tái)Photosphere光球?qū)覲lanetarium天文館Planetoid小行星Polestar北極星Pseudoscience偽科學(xué)Quasar類星體Radiation輻射Revolution旋轉(zhuǎn)Rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)Satellite衛(wèi)星Skyatlas天體圖Solarcorona日冕Spacedebris太空垃圾Spaceshuttle太空飛船Spacesuit太空服Spin快速旋轉(zhuǎn)Starcluster星群，星團(tuán)Stellar星星的Sunspot太陽黑子Timedifference時(shí)差Timezone時(shí)區(qū)表演藝術(shù)(舞蹈，電影，音樂etc.)Genre藝術(shù)分類Performingart表演藝術(shù)moderndancepiece現(xiàn)代舞concert音樂會(huì)play劇opera歌劇film電影camera攝影camerashotanalytical分析的parallel平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer舞蹈指導(dǎo)Fine/visualarts視覺藝術(shù)Abstractart抽象藝術(shù)landscape風(fēng)景photography攝影exposure曝光developfilm沖洗膠卷negativen.底片portrait(portrayv.)肖像,人像、像、Impressionist印象主義者stilllife靜物sculpture雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike逼真的vividanthem國(guó)歌Critic評(píng)論家Criticism批評(píng)，評(píng)論Reviewn.評(píng)論Masterpiece杰作Haveaestheticvalue有美學(xué)價(jià)值A(chǔ)estheticappeal美學(xué)吸引力Feature特點(diǎn)Characteristics特點(diǎn)Distinctadj.與眾不同的Unique獨(dú)一無二的Style風(fēng)格Technique技巧Galleryn.畫館Editionn.專輯Releasev.發(fā)行Debutn.首映Impressionism印象派Perspective透視法Angle角度Press/Publishinghouse出版社Acclaimv.盛贊mirage海市蜃樓prolific多產(chǎn)Preservev.保存Extinctadj.滅絕的，消失的文學(xué)Literature文學(xué)Poetry詩(shī)歌biography傳記autobiography自傳detectivestories偵探小說drama戲劇novel小說Novelist小說家collectionofshortstories短篇小說集Allegory寓言Comparativeliterature比較文學(xué)Diary日記Editorial社論，重要評(píng)論Fiction小說Aestheticism唯美Autobiography自傳Descriptiveprose描述散文Fairytale童話Futurism未來派Legend傳說Literarystudies文學(xué)研究Narrativeprose敘述性散文Podium講臺(tái)Prose散文Realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Schoolofliterature文學(xué)派別Leadingcharacter主要角色Literarycriticism文學(xué)評(píng)論Literarystudies文學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)Modernism現(xiàn)代主義Plot情節(jié)Poetry詩(shī)歌Prologue前言Proverb諺語Surrealism超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義美術(shù)Artgallery藝?yán)菴alligraphy書法Imitating模仿Landscapepainting風(fēng)景畫Oilpainting油畫Paste粘貼Crayon蠟筆，粉筆，顏料Pigmentation顏料Canvas帆布Wax蠟Spectrum光譜Perspective透視畫法Poster海報(bào)Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁畫Panorama全景Pasteldrawing蠟筆畫Sketch草圖Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑學(xué)Architect建筑師Architecturalstyle建筑風(fēng)格Artdeco裝飾藝術(shù)ArtmoderneGeometricpatterns幾何圖形Arch拱門Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing結(jié)構(gòu)Lobbyn.大廳(entrancehall)Elevatorn.電梯Fa?aden.正面Stairs樓梯Interior內(nèi)部的Exterior外部的Impressionisticstyle印象派風(fēng)格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival復(fù)活Renaissance文藝復(fù)興Medieval中世紀(jì)527(Sofia)-1520音樂Accompaniment伴奏Audition試聽，試表演Bandmusic樂隊(duì)音樂Chord弦樂，弦Classicalmusic古典音樂Concerto協(xié)奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harmony和弦，和諧Rockandroll搖滾Serenade小夜曲Solo獨(dú)奏Sonata奏鳴曲Symphony交響樂Ballad歌謠Folkmusic民間音樂Prelude前奏Epilogue尾聲Score樂譜Note音符Notation樂譜，記號(hào)法Chordsymbol和弦符號(hào)Lyrics歌詞Tempo節(jié)奏Melody主旋律Rhythm節(jié)奏Tune旋律Conduct指揮Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe雙簧管Clarinet單簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n.變號(hào)（一種古雙簧樂器）Harp豎琴考古anthropologist人類學(xué)家anthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家archaeology考古學(xué)anthropology人類學(xué)morphology形態(tài)學(xué)Ancientcivilization古代文明origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人(科)homogeneous同一種族(種類)的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學(xué)家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘Scoop鏟子ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品pottery陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器ecological生態(tài)的fossil化石relic遺物，文物Rockpainting巖石畫antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老skull顱骨Cranial顱骨的StoneAge石器時(shí)代BronzeAge（青）銅器時(shí)代IronAge鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的Exhume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的動(dòng)物微生物Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗體Bacterium細(xì)菌BiologicalagencyCalcium鈣Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell細(xì)胞Chromosome染色體Disinfection消毒Enzymes酶Fatigue疲憊Fermentation發(fā)酵Fungus菌類Gene基因Geneticengineering基因工程學(xué)Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫學(xué)Incubation孵蛋Inflection傳染Malaria瘧疾Microbe微生物Nucleus細(xì)胞核One-celled單細(xì)胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiticanimal寄生動(dòng)物Parasitology寄生蟲學(xué)Pathogen病菌，病原體Protozoa原生動(dòng)物Sanitation衛(wèi)生Parasitology寄生蟲學(xué)Pathogen病菌，病原體Protozoa原生動(dòng)物Sanitation衛(wèi)生Schistosomiaisis血吸蟲病Starch淀粉Sterilization消毒rp ?Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒Yeast酵母動(dòng)物livingorganism生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)細(xì)菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent嚙齒類動(dòng)物primate靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物ape猿chimpanzeen.黑猩猩mammal哺乳類動(dòng)物dinosaurn.恐龍bat(ecolotion)蝙蝠(聲波定位)snowshoehare雪兔子raccoon浣熊polarbear北極熊snout(動(dòng)物的)口鼻部;reptile爬行類動(dòng)物snake,cobra眼鏡蛇,rattlesnake響尾蛇lizard蜥蜴，snail蝸牛amphibianadj.兩棲動(dòng)物crocodile鱷魚frogn.青蛙tadpole蝌蚪toad蟾蜍pond池塘puddle水坑insectn.昆蟲fly蒼蠅cricket蟋蟀grasshopper蚱蜢honeybeemonarchbutterfly大花蝶largemigratoryAmericanbutterflyhavingdeeporangewingswithblackandwhitemarkings;thelarvaefeedonmilkweedegg卵larvae幼蟲caterpillar毛蟲pupa/chrysalis繭termiten.白蟻marineadj.海洋的beaver貍whale鯨shark鯊魚dolphin海豚penguin企鵝predatorn.捕食者preyn.被捕食者aquaticadj.水生的shrimp蝦lobster龍蝦clam蚌crab螃蟹bird,hummingbirdartery動(dòng)脈scale鱗片claw爪,paw爪子horn角hormone荷爾蒙intestine腸hive蜂巢pollenn.花粉pollinatev.授粉hibernate冬眠migratev.遷徙communicatev.交流保護(hù)色evolve進(jìn)化evolutionn.進(jìn)化endothermn.溫血?jiǎng)游?，恒溫?dòng)物poikilothermn.冷血?jiǎng)游颾eak鳥嘴enzymes酵母secretion(n.)secrete(v.)分泌pancreas胰腺odor氣味(還有aromafragrancescentsmell)gland腺體chromosome染色體植物botany植物學(xué)botanist植物學(xué)家tundra苔原;凍土地帶，凍原fungus(pl.fungi)菌類laurel月桂chestnuttree栗子樹root根branch枝stem莖algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有機(jī)物birchtree(bark)樺樹crops谷物corn玉米maize玉米chlorophyll葉綠素aminoacids氨基酸protein蛋白質(zhì)nitrogen氮photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用lichen地衣，苔蘚squash南瓜oneofagroupoflargevegetableswithsolidfleshandhardskins，suchasPUMPKINsbean豆類植物nectar花蜜flower花floral花的petal花瓣bloom開花blossom花pollen花粉moss苔蘚evaporateevaporate蒸發(fā) Thunder雷damp(wet;moist;humid)潮濕的Lightening閃電humidity濕度 breeze微風(fēng)herbicide除草劑herb草本植物herbivorous食草的classification分類hierarchy級(jí)別hazardous有毒害的Meteorology氣象meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學(xué)家forecast(predict)預(yù)報(bào)climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對(duì)流層Convection對(duì)流Stratosphere同溫層Barometer氣壓計(jì)current(氣)流vapor蒸汽saturate飽和absorb吸收dew露frost霜fog(mist)霧smog煙霧droplet小水珠condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴風(fēng)雨drizzle細(xì)雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴風(fēng)雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水whirlwind旋風(fēng)Cyclone旋風(fēng)，颶風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)Monsoon季風(fēng)Sandstorm沙塵暴Duststorm沙塵暴tornado(twister,cyclone)龍卷風(fēng)Tropicaldepression熱帶低氣壓Winddirection風(fēng)向Windvelocity風(fēng)速Windscale風(fēng)力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus積雨云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災(zāi)難devastation破壞submerge淹沒overwhelmv.淹沒drought干旱Balmy溫和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，嚴(yán)格的Heat-wave熱浪Tepidadj.微溫的環(huán)保environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentally-friendly環(huán)保的preservev.保護(hù)，保存污染：pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminantn.污染物contaminatev.污染ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecologyn.生態(tài)學(xué)antisepticadj.防腐的atmosphericpollution大氣污染垃圾:rubbish,garbage,trash,waste,litter處理:disposeof,burn,bury(landfill),recycle,reduce,reuse,dump回收：glass,paper,water,milkcarton牛奶盒，tyre,aluminiumcans鋁罐，plasticbags,rubbishbagsbiodegradablepackaging可降解包裝,throwaway可丟棄的disposable可丟棄的discouragev.不鼓勵(lì)燃料none-renewable不可再生的fossilfuels礦石燃料：naturalgas,coal,petroleumlimited/finite naturalresources有限的自然資源alternativeenergy替代能源，replace二substitutev.取代windpower,hydropower水電，solar(lunar)power太陽能，nuclearpower核能radioactivityn.輻射性u(píng)seup,deplete,exhaustv.用光，耗盡conservev.節(jié)省，節(jié)約,污染：waterpollution,airpollution,soilpollution土壤污染，noisepollutionsoilerosion土壤侵蝕soilpollution土壤污染stainn.污染，污點(diǎn)，玷污stinkv.發(fā)出臭味tarn.焦油toxicchemical有毒的化學(xué)物品fumen.煙，氣味lightpollution日光污染refuse廢物sewage污水pesticiden.殺蟲劑chemicalwaste化學(xué)廢料congestv.使充滿危害動(dòng)物:poaching非法打獵，盜獵，damagenaturalha