高中英語(外研版)必修三配套課件：Module-3-Period-3語法專題課-精講優(yōu)練

Module3

TheViolenceofNatureGrammar

過去完成時的被動語態(tài)和間接引語【新知導(dǎo)引】Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people______________(kill).2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhe______________(bury)inTexas!3.Arrivinghome,shefoundallthefurniture_______________(flood).hadbeenkilledhadbeenburiedhadbeenfloodedⅡ.將下列直接引語的句子變?yōu)殚g接引語1.Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexamthisweek.”→Hesaid_________________________________thatweek.2.Hesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher?”→Heasks___________________________________.3.Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”→Heaskedme_____________________________.thathisbrotherhadfailedintheexamwhether/ifTomisastudentorateacherif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball【知識詳解】一.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)1.構(gòu)成：had+been+done。2.概念：表示在過去某個動作或時間以前已被做的事情。3.用法：(1)在told,said,knew,heard,thought，found等動詞后的賓語從句中，表示賓語從句中的動作已被做完時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。*Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeenshownaroundParis.她說從來沒有人領(lǐng)她參觀過巴黎。(she和show之間是被動關(guān)系，且show這一動作發(fā)生在said之前)(2)before,bythetime,until,when,after,once,assoonas等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的謂語是一般過去時，以及by，before,until后面接過去的時間時，主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。*Bythetimehewastwelve,mybrotherhadbeensenttoAmerica.我哥哥12歲前就已經(jīng)被送到了美國。(bythetime相當(dāng)于before,表示“在……之前”，從句中的動作表示過去，主句中的send這一動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前)【即學(xué)活用】用所給動詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。①BythetimeEdisonwasten,achemistrylab_____________(build).②Thedish________________(eatup)whenIgotthere.③____thenewplan_____________(discuss)beforethemeeting?④Wastheboyremindedthathishomework_____________________(nothandin)?⑤Whichhospital____Mary________(send)tobeforemidnight?⑥Thecouplesaidthattheflowersweresolovelythatthey____________(sell)innotime.hadbeenbuilthadbeeneatenupHadbeendiscussedhadnotbeenhandedinhadbeensenthadbeensold二.間接引語直接引語表示直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號括起來。間接引語表示用自己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個賓語從句。直接引語改為間接引語，在語序、人稱、時態(tài)和狀語方面會做相應(yīng)變化。

1.動詞的時態(tài)的變化：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時*“Wheredoyouusuallyhavelunch？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhereIusuallyhadlunch.

2.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化：直接引語間接引語thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybefore直接引語間接引語lastyeartheyearbeforeagobeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecomegobringtake*“Iwillneverforgetthisinterestinglesson，”saidPaul.→Paulsaidthathewouldneverforgetthatinterestinglesson.*Shesaidtome,“Icameherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadbeentherefiveyearsbefore.*Hesaidtome，“Iwillseehernextweek.”→Hetoldmehewouldseeherthenextweek.

3.句式的轉(zhuǎn)換:

(1)轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述→陳述句的轉(zhuǎn)換:

(2)轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問→一般疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換:

(3)轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題→特殊疑問句:(4)選擇疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換:用whether...or...表達(dá),而不用if...or...,也不用either...or...。Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.(5)祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換:4.直接引語變間接引語的特殊情況:(1)時態(tài)不變的情況。①直接引語是客觀真理、諺語或名人名言時。*Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.②當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去時間作狀語時,間接引語仍然用一般過去時。*MrWangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”→MrWangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.③當(dāng)直接引語是過去完成時態(tài)時。*Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedhere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.④當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀的時刻表時。*Hesaid,“Theplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.”→Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.(2)如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述別人說過的話,時間狀語可不變;如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,地點狀語和動詞也不必改變。*Hesaid,“I’llbebacktonight.”→Hesaidthathewillbebacktonight.【即學(xué)活用】將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語。①Jacksaid,“Ihavebeenworkinghereforadozenyears.”→___________________________________________________②Hesaidtome,“Ireadityesterday.”→_______________________________________③Theteachersaid,“Pleasebringallthebooksdownstairsuphere.”→______________________________________________________________Jacksaidthathehadbeenworkingthereforadozenyears.Hetoldmethathehadreaditthedaybefore.Theteacheraskedthestudentstotakeallthebooksdownstairsupthere.④Theteachersaid,“ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.”→____________________________________________________⑤“Howmuchdidyoupayforthecomputer?”heasked.→_______________________________________TheteachersaidthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidforthecomputer.【典題研習(xí)】(2011·北京高考)Experimentsofthiskind________(conduct)inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.【思路演示】分析句式:該句為簡單句,inboththeU.S.andEurope是地點狀語,beforetheSecondWorldWar是時間狀語。理清句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)前在美國和歐洲都進(jìn)行過該類實驗。抓取關(guān)鍵:beforetheSecondWorldWar是表示過去的時間狀語,conduct在theSecondWorldWar之前,故是“過去的過去”,用過去完成時;又因experiments與conduct之間為動賓關(guān)系,故句子謂語用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。斷定答案:hadbeenconducted?！炯磳W(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(2015·福建高考)—Iwonder________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.【解析】how。考查名詞性從句。句意:——我想知道瑪麗這些年是如何保持她的身材的。——通過每天鍛煉。根據(jù)答語可知問句中問的是“保持身材的方法”,故用how。2.(2015·四川高考)Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.【解析】why?？疾橘e語從句。句意:這個展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧﹣碇浦箍諝馕廴?。根?jù)語境可知這里表示原因,故要用why來引導(dǎo)。3.(2014·天津高考)Ithink

impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.【解析】what。句意:我認(rèn)為,他的畫讓我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。what在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句,又在從句中作主語。4.(2012·北京高考)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone________(hurt).【解析】washurt。句意:——你聽說市場上的那場火災(zāi)了嗎?——是的,幸運的是沒有人受傷。謂語動詞hurt和主語noone之間是動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時?！菊骖}備選】1.(2014·福建高考)Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you’reafraidtodo.【解析】what。句意:站起來。有了勇氣,你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。what在句中充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞,同時也是動詞do的賓語。2.(2014·北京高考)Somepeoplebelieve_______hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.【解析】whatever/what?？疾槊~性從句。句意:有些人相信已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或正在發(fā)生的任何事情將來都會重復(fù)發(fā)生。believe后面是賓語從句,賓語從句中缺少主語,只能選擇連接代詞whatever或what。3.(2013·湖南高考)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell________closeyoumaybetovictory.【解析】how。句意:不要讓任何失敗阻止你,因為你永遠(yuǎn)不會知道你離勝利有多么近。how在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句,常用于“how+adj.+主語+謂語+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)中,意為“多么……”。4.(2013·山東高考)It’sgoodtoknow________thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.【解析】that。句意:當(dāng)我們不在的時候,知道這些狗會被好好地照顧真是太好了。本句中it是形式主語,代替后面的不定式toknow;動詞know后跟一個賓語從句,由于賓語從句中主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。5.(2013·北京高考)Expertsbelieve________peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.【解析】that。句意:專家們相信人們只在必要的時候購物能減少食品浪費。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,不作任何成分,只起連接作用。6.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)Policehavefound________appearstobethelostancientstatue.【解析】what。考查賓語從句。句意:警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了疑似失竊的古老雕像。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作主語。7.(2012·北京高考)Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt________hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.【解析】that。句意:Jerry并不后悔提出自己的意見,但是他感覺他本來可以換種方式表達(dá)的。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知felt后面是一個賓語從句,從句中不缺少任何成分,故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。8.(2012·四川高考)Scientistsstudy_______humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.【解析】how。句意:科學(xué)家們研究人類的大腦怎樣工作來制造電腦。此處how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,相當(dāng)于thewayinwhich,意為“怎樣,怎么”。謝謝1.—________

？

—Yes，please.I

want

a

sweater.A.Is

this

your

sweater

B.What

do

you

want

C.Can

I

help

you

D.How

are

you

2.—What

color

do

you

want？

—I

want

a

________

one.A.brown

B.nice

C.long

D.small

3.This

shirt

is

very

small.I

need

a

________

one.A.short

B.long

C.red

D.big

4.Mum，I

________

10

dollars

for

the

bag.Can

you

give(給)me？A.have

B.need

C.know

D.think

5.—Where

are

her

________？

—Look！They

are

on

her

feet(腳).A.skirts

B.trousers

C.shoes

D.sweaters

6.The

socks

are

________

sale.They’re

very

cheap

only

1.5

yuan.A.in

B.at

C.on

D.of

7.They

have

the

beautiful

T-shirts

________

only

ten

dollars.A.at

B.in

C.on

D.for

8.We

sell

these

apples

________

a

good

price.A.in

B.at

C.of

D.on

9.I

want

to

see

the

movie

Iron

Man

3(《鋼鐵俠3》).Do

you

know

the

________

of

the

ticket？A.number

B.price

C.kind

D.name

10.The

cake

looks

________

and

it

sells

________.A.well；well

B.well；good

C.good；good

D.good；well

11.Mr.Green

doesn’t

like

his

car

now.He

wants

to

________

it.A.