2022年高三英語復習與訓練二冠詞和數(shù)詞

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!高三英語復習與訓練二——冠詞和數(shù)詞2.冠詞和數(shù)詞2.1不定冠詞的用法冠詞本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。不定冠詞a（an）與數(shù)詞one同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。1）表示"一個"，意為one；指某人或某物，意為acertain。例如：AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.有位姓凌的先生在等你。2）代表一類人或物。例如：Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.刀是切割的工具。Mr.Smithisanengineer.史密斯先生是工程師。3）組成詞組或成語，如alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden等。2.2定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這）個"的意思，但意義較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。1）特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如：Takethemedicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過的人或事。例如：Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。3）指世上獨一物二的事物，如thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth等。4）與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如thedollar美元;thefox狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：therich富人;theliving生者。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面。例如：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二層。That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。6）與復數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體。例如：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.（指全體教師）Theyareteachersofthisschool.（指部分教師）7）表示所有，相當于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如：Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前。例如：thePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國theUnitedStates美國9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如：Sheplaysthepiano.她會彈鋼琴。10）用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人。例如：theGreens格林一家人（或格林夫婦）11）用在慣用語中。例如：intheday,inthemorning（afternoon，evening）,thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky（water，field，country）inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle（of）,intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre

2.3零冠詞的用法1）國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary。2）泛指的復數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞。例如：Theyareteachers.他們是教師。3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞。例如：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母。4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞，當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞。例如：Mancannotlivewithoutwater.離開水人就無法生存。5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞。例如：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞。例如：TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。7）在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞，如havebreakfast，playchess。8）當兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時，常省去冠詞。例如：Ican'twritewithoutpenorpencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。9）當by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞，如bybus，bytrain。10）有些個體名詞不用冠詞，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義。例如：gotohospital去醫(yī)院看病gotothehospital去醫(yī)院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）11）不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；a.序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞時。b.序數(shù)詞作副詞。例如：Hecamefirstintherace.他跑步得了第一。c.在固定詞組中，如at（the）first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast等。2.4冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1）兩個形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個不同的人或物。例如：Heraisesablackandawhitecat.他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。2）如后一個形容詞無冠詞，則指一人或一物。例如：Heraisesablackandwhitecat.他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。

2.5冠詞位置1）不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a.位于such，what，many，half等形容詞之后。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.我從來沒見過這樣的動物。Manyamanisfitforthejob.許多人適合這崗位。b.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時，不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。例如：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.我從未這么高興過。Soshortatime如此短的時間Toolongadistance距離太遠了c.quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當rather，quite前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可，如：ratheracoldday/arathercoldday。d.在as，though引導的讓步狀語從句中，當表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放形容詞后。例如：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。2）定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等詞之后，名詞之前。例如：Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學生都出去了。2.6數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。一、基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或threehundredandforty-five。2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但遇下列情況，常用復數(shù)：a.與of短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連用，如scoresofpeople指許多人；b.在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里。例如：Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅?。c.表示"幾十歲"。d.表示"年代"，用in+the+數(shù)詞復數(shù)。e.在乘法運算的一種表示法里，如Threefivesis（are）fifteen。二、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st等。三、數(shù)詞的用法1）倍數(shù)表示法a.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+as+adj.+as。例如Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。b.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+thesize（amount，length…）of…。例如：Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。c.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than…。例如：Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。d.還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍。例如：Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。2）分數(shù)表示法的構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復數(shù)。例如：1/3one-third；3/37threeandthree-sevenths.

2.7冠詞練習1.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhave______bed.a.thebreakfastinb.thebreakfastinthec.breakfastind.breakfastinthe2.Hehaspromisedtogiveup______hundredsoftimes.a.atobaccob.tobaccoc.thetobaccod.tobaccos3.______usuallygotochurcheverySunday.a.TheBrownb.ABrownc.Brownsd.TheBrowns4.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles______.a.

anhourb.onehourc.thehourd.ahour5.Hecanplayalmosteverykindofmusicinstrumentbutheisgood______.a.

atthefluteb.atflutec.atafluted.atthatflute6.Theinvestigatorsfoundthatmoreshouldbedonefor______inIndia.a.thosepoorb.apoorc.poord.thepoor7.Youlookinhighspirit.Youmusthave______duringyourholiday.a.wonderfultimeb.awonderfultimec.thewonderfultimed.somewonderfultime8.Thecityassignedapolicemantotheschoolcrossingbecause______traffictherewassoheavy.aab.anc.thed.one9.Anewteacherwassenttothevillageinplaceof______onewhohadretired.a.ab.thec.and.its10.Virtueandvicearebeforeyou;______leadsyoutohappiness,______tomisery.a.theformer…latterb.aformer…alatterc.theformer…thelatterd.former…latter11.Thechildreninthekinder-gardensoontook______totheirteachers.a.

quitefancyb.aquitefancyc.quiteafancyd.thequitefancy12.______tendtobemoanthelackofcharacterintheyounggeneration.a.Theoldb.Oldc.Elderlyd.Older13.Amansufferingfromachockshouldbegiven______.a.hotsweetteab.ahotsweetteac.thehotsweettead.onehotsweettea14.Heansweredmyquestionswith______nottobeexpectedofanordinaryschoolboy.a.hisaccuracyb.aaccuracyc.theaccuracyd.anaccuracy15.Ifyougobytrainyoucanhavequite______comfortablejourney.a.theb.onec.ad.that16.We’regoingto______with______today,aren’twe?a.thetea…theSmithsb.tea…thoseSmithsc.atea…aSmithd.tea…theSmiths17.Iwantanassistantwith______knowledgeofFrenchand______experienceofofficeroutine.a.the…theb.a…thec.a…and.the…an18.Ann’shabitofridingamotorcycleupanddowntheroadearlyinthemorningannoyedtheneighborsand______theytookhertothecourt.a.intheendb.attheendc.inanendd.inend19.Itisreportedthattoday______presidentwillhavelunchwith______PresidentOmon.a.the…theb.a…ac.the…/d./…/20.TiananMenSquareand______GreatWallaretowoftheplaceseveryoneshouldseein______People’sRepublicofChina.a.the…theb./…/c.the…/d./…the21.Ithaslongbeenknownthatthereisanelectricfield______.a.insidetheearthb.insideearthc.insideanearthd.onearth22.______muchharderwork,thevolunteerswereabletoplacetheragingforestfire______.a.Bythemeansof…underthecontrolb.Bymeansof…undercontrolc.Bymeansof…underacontrold.Byameansof…undercontrol23.Nosoonerhadthemandepartedthanthetreebegandroppingcoffeebeans______.a.bythethousandb.byathousandc.bythousandsd.bythousand24.Heexpressed______oftheirhavingeverbeenmarried.a.thedoubtb.adoubtc.doubtd.andoubt25.Hesawthroughthelittleboy’stricks______.a.atglanceb.attheglancec.atsomeglanced.ataglance26.Theirvictoryis______,forthey’velosttoomanymen.a.outofquestionb.outofthequestionc.outquestiond.ofquestion27.Manyagirlwantstobecome______.a.somesecretaryb.asecretaryc.secretaryd.secretaries28.Hegrabbedme______andpulledmeontothebus.a.aarmb.anarmc.thearmd.bythearm29.I’llcomein______minute;infactI’llcome______momentI’mthrough.a./…theb.a…thec.the…ad./…/30.Thisisoneof______interestingbooksonyoursubject.a.themostb.themostofthec.mostd.mostofthe31.Heenjoyslife______the“QueenAnne”.a.onaboardb.onboardc.intheboardd.board32.Helosthisfoband______hiswifelefthim.a.onthattopb.ontopofthatc.onatopofthatd.onthetop33.Mostoftherepresentativesthinkthat______themeetingwasverysuccessful.a.onwholeofb.onawholec.onthewholed.onthewholethat34.UndernocircumstanceswilltherebewagecontrolwhileIam______ofthegovernment.a.theheadb.aheadc.headd.thathead35.Likehissister,Davidneeded______fromsomegenerouspersoninordertogethome.a.arideb.someridec.rided.theride36.Thebrain’slefthemispherecontrolslogicandlanguage,while______controlsintuitivetalentsandmusicalability.a.therightb.arightc.thatrightd.rightone37.______issettinguparesearchteamtoseehowchildrenreacttovideogames.a.TheJapan’sHealthMinistryb.Japan’shealthMinistryb.AJapan’shealthMinistryd.JapanhealthMinistry38.UnlikeAmericans,whoseemtoprefercoffee,______agreatdealoftea.a.Englishdrinkb.TheEnglishdrinkc.Englishmandrinkd.theEnglishdrinks39.Hundredsofpeopleare______now,sothereareabout50peopletryingforthesameposition.a.outoftheworkb.outworkc.outofworkd.outofawork40.Hismothertaught______,buthisfatherwasonlyablue-collarworker.a.pianob.anpianoc.thepianod.apiano41.ContrarytowhatIhadexpected,helostfor______.asecondtimeb.asecondtimec.secondtimesd.thesecondtime42.Fashionschangeandpeoplechangetoo,buttheoldfeelingremains______.a.thesameb.samec.thatsamed.assame43.Wearegoingtodinetomorrowwith______tocelebrateChristmasDay.a.theCunningb.Cunningsc.TheCunningsd.Cunning’s44.Thisis______whichiscollectedbeforethefirstraininSpring.a.oneteab.ateac.thetead.thattea45.______isknownbyitsnote,______isknownbyhistalk.a.Abird/amanb.Onebird/onemanc.Thebird/themand.Bird/man46.Nevertravelwith______wholeavesyouincaseofdanger.a.thefriendb.thatfriendc.afriendd.friend47.DoyouthinkitpossiblefortheNorthPoletohave______afewthousandyearsfromnow?a.Shanghaib.aShanghaic.theShanghaid.oneShanghai48.Idon’tthink______isabettercarthanourmakes.a.aFordb.Ford’sc.theFordd.Ford49.Ididn’tknowwhyhelookedangrywhenIpattedhim______.a.

ontheheadb.onheadc.onaheadd.onhishead50.heneverfailstogiveyou______whenyouareintrouble.a.hishelpinghandsb.thehelpinghandc.helpinghandsd.ahelpinghand51.Thehistoricaleventsofthatperiodarearranged______.a.inalphabeticalorderb.inanalphabeticalorderb.inthealphabeticalordersd.inaalphabeticalorders52.Theliketotakeavacation______.a.onetimetheyearb.onetimeinayearc.onceayeard.onceinayear53.“WhatisTodger?”“Heis______.”a.apoetandnovelistb.apoetandanovelistb.poetandnovelistd.thepoetandnovelist54.“Howdidyoupaytheworkers?”“Asarule,theyarepaid______.”a.byanyourb.bythehourc.byahourd.byhours55.TheDMZextendsabouttwohundredkilometers______.a.fromeasttowestb.fromtheeasttowestc.fromtheeasttothewestd.fromeasterntowestern56.What______areyouplanningtobuy?a.makeofcarb.makeofthecarc.makeofacard.makeofcars57.______,youcan’tfoolher.a.

ThechildthoughRowenaisb.ThoughchildRowenaisb.

AschildRowenaisd.ChildasRowenais58.What’s______istogetinformationaboutthesituationfirst.a.thewisestb.awisestc.thewiserd.wisest59.Thedifferencesbetween______aregraduallybeingeliminated.a.thetownandthecountryb.townandcountryb.atownandacountryd.atownandthecountrystshopetosendanexpeditiontoMarsduring______.a.the1990sb.the1990c.1990sd.1990’s

2.8數(shù)詞練習1.______martyrshaveheroicallylaiddowntheirlivesforthepeople.a.Thousanduponthousandofb.Thousandandthousandsofc.Thousandsuponthousandsofd.Thousandandthousandof2.Theyreceived______oflettersabouttheirTVprograms.a.dozenb.dozenanddozencscored.dozens3.Whoisthatman,______inthefrontrow?a.oneb.theonec.firstd.thefirst4.Wehaveproduced______thisyearaswedidin1993.a.asmuchcottontwiceb.astwicemuchcottonc.muchastwicecottond.twiceasmuchcotton5.Theearthisabout______asthemoon.a.asfiftytimebigb.fiftytimesasbigc.asbigfiftytimed.fiftyastimesbig6.ThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshas______inthepastthreeyears.a.morethandoubledb.moredoubledthanc.muchthandoubledd.muchdoubledthan7.Themoonisabout_____indiameterasdiameterastheearth.a.one-threeaslargeb.onethreeaslargec.one-thirdaslarged.onethirdaslarge8.Fivehundredyuanamonth_____enoughtoliveon.a.isb.arec.isbeingd.hasbeen9.______ofthebuildingswereruined.a.Threefourthb.Threefourc.Three-fourthsd.Three-four10.Consult_____forquestionsaboutearthquakes.a.thesixindexb.indexsixc.sixthindexd.indexnumberingsix11.Shewenttothecountryside______.a.inthemorningatnine/onJunefirst,1968b.onJunefirst,1968/inthemorningatninec.atnineinthemorning/onJunefirst,1968d.onJunefirst,1968/atnineinthemorning12.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______coveredwithwater.a.areb.isc.wered.be13.Thismonththeproductionofstainlesssteelinoursteelworkshasincreased______2,000tons.a.withb.inc.ond.by14.Withtheminiaturizationofthestructuralcomponentstheweightoftheseelectricdeviceshasdecreased________30percent.a.asb.withc.ind.by15.TheOlympicGamesareheld______.a.everyfouryearsb.everyfouryearc.everyfourthyearsd.everyfour-years16.Asheisnotingoodhealth,hegoestohisfactoryonly______justtolearnsomethingabouttheprogressofexperiment.a.onceaweekb.oneweekc.onetimeaweekd.oneaweek17.Threestudents______inthisuniversitycomefromtheSouth.a.oftenb.outofintenc.outoftend.intens18.Stringsofthesamethicknessmadeofnylonare______.a.fivetimesstrongerthanthoseb.fivetimestrongerthanthosec.fivetimesstrongthanthosed.fivetimesstrongerasthose19.thewheelsoftheoldwagonarenearly______thoseofamoderncar.a.twicethesizeofb.twicesizeofc.twicesizesofd.twicethesizeof20.Onedayonthemoonis______.a.twoEarthweeklongb.twoEarthweekslongb.twoEarthweekslongerd.twoEarthweekslength

附：限定詞練習1.Myhandwashurt.Couldyoudo______typingforme?a.someb.manyc.suchd.any2.Therewere______studentsinthereadingroom.a.neitherb.notc.nod.none3.Ifitisof______usetoyou,pleasetakeit.a.someb.manyc.nod.any4.I’veinvitedfivepeopletoteathisafternoon.Outofthem,onlyJohnandMarycancome,______can’t.a.otherb.theotherc.othersd.theothers5.MostEnglishpeoplegotoSpainforthesea,thesunandallthe______thingsassociatedwitharelaxingholiday.a.anyb.anotherc.somed.other6.______wereironedbymymotheryesterday.a.Theallsheetsb.allofsheetsc.Allthesheetsd.Sheetsofall7.Asusual,______manwasgivenhisindividualassignment.a.everyb.eachc.alld.both8.Theysaw______girlsthedaybeforeyesterday.a.boththeothertwob.thetwootherbothc.thebothothertwod.thebothtwoother9.Oneusesthefreezer,thecomputerandthebusinessschooltomanufacture______dishesinneveraticklongerthan100seconds.a.suchothersb.othersuchc.suchotherd.othersucha10.______boxerwasstrong,but______hadagoodbuildandwaslightonhisfeet.11.______wasastonishedtofindhimselfrootingandshoutinginamostundignifiedmanner.a.Manyelderlymanb.Amanyelderlymenc.Manyanelderlymand.Manyelderlymen12.Iknownow,ofcourse,thereis______aslove.a.nosuchathingb.notsuchthingc.notathingd.nosuchthing13.Astherewere______life-boatsforeverybody,40liveswerelost.a.aslittleb.solittlec.toofewd.veryfew14.Hewasbrave;_____soldiersfoughtsobravelyinthatbattle.a.noothersb.noanotherc.nootherd.notother15.Idon’tthinkwehavemetbefore.I’mafraidyou’reconfusingmewith______.a.someotherb.someotherpersonc.otherpersond.oneother16.WeekendslastfromFridayeveningtoSundaynight.______daysareweek-days.a.Theotherb.Anotherc.Otherd.Everyother17.Wehad______goodtimethatwehatedtoleavetheparty.a.suchab.suchc.sod.pretty18.Parisis______thatwecanhardlyvisitallthebeautifulparksintwoorthreedays.a.suchlargeacityb.soalargecityc.suchalargecityd.asuchlargecity19.DeputiestotheNationalPeople’sCongressareelected_______.a.everyfouryearb.eachfouryearsc.everyoffouryearsd.everyfouryears20.Thereishardly______differencebetweenthetwolibraries.a.nob.anyc.muchd.some21.Foryoungpeople,Carpenteris______singer.a.mosttheirpopularb.mostpopularoftheirsc.theirmostpopulard.mostpopularoftheir22.______areabouttheAmericanIndependentWar.a.Bothbookb.Bothbooksc.Allthetwobookd.alloftwobooks23.WhenIamintrouble,myfriendswillgivemetheirhandswithout______hesitation.a.someb.ac.anyd.the24.You’rewelcometomyhouse______timeyou’dlike.a.theb.anyc.nod.some25.Hewasverymuchdisappointedbecause______wenttohisweddingparty.a.nohisfriendsb.allnohisfriendsc.nonehisfriendsd.noneofhisfriends26.Youshouldn’tstopyour