2022年北京外國語大學(xué)博士生英語入學(xué)考試試題

千里之行，始于足下讓知識帶有溫度。第第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦2022年北京外國語大學(xué)博士生英語入學(xué)考試試題2022年北京外國語高校博士生英語入學(xué)考試

PartⅠStructureandWrittenExpression(40%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereare15incompletesentences.Undereachsentence,youwillseefourwordsorphrases,markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatcompletesthesentence

correctly.Thenonyouranswersheet,findthenumberofthequestionandmarkyourchoiceon

thecorrespondingletter.

1.Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewell

before1900.

A.havebeenconducing

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

2.Allthemanydifferentpartsofthebody,largeandsmall,______toperformtheprocessesessentialtolife.

A.theycombine

B.whichcombine

C.combining

D.combine

3.______theearth’smasstwiceasgreatasitis,itwouldattractanobjecttwice______asitdoes.

A.Were…asstrongly

B.If…asstrongly

C.Hadbeen…asstrong

D.If…asstrong

4.SlaverywasunknowninEnglishcommonlaw,andblacklaborersatfirstoccupiedalegalstatussimilar______.

A.tothoseofwhiteservants

B.asthewhiteservant

C.withthatofwhiteservants

D.tothatofwhiteservants

5.______thesunisnotshining?

A.Whatdo

B.Whatif

C.Whatabout

D.whatistheresultthat

6.Today,formaleducationprimarily______memorizingdata.

A.consists

B.consistsin

C.incomprisedby

D.composes

7.Tokeepfrom______atjobs_____hehadnointerest,hewenttolivefortwoyearsinthewoods.

A.beingworked…inthat

B.working…which

C.havingtowork…inwhich

D.havingbeenworked…that

8.Itis_____doubtthathisconclusioniscorrect.

A.above

B.outof

C.no

D.beyond

9.______yourtimelyadvice,Imightnothavesucceeded.

A.Thanksto

B.With

C.For

D.Butfor

10.Youwillhavesomenicelecture.Thenamesofthelecturesare______.

A.asfollows

B.suchasfollowing

C.asfollowing

D.asfollows

11.Itisfoolish______tomakesuchablunder.

A.ofhim

B.tohim

C.forhim

D.onhim

12.Continuingdeteriorationoftheearth’sozoneshieldwouldexposehumanbeingstoincreasedultravioletradiation,______ofmanyseriousskincancers.

A.isthecause

B.hasbeenthecause

C.thecause

D.thatisthecause

13.______yourhandinfrontofyourface,andyoucanfeeltheairmoving.

A.Towave

B.Ifwave

C.Waving

D.Wave

14.Despitethepillmydoctorprescribed,Istillhavetrouble______.

A.tosleep

B.forsleeping

C.sleeping

D.tosleeping

15.Thevolumeofthesunisabout1,300,000times______.

A.theearth

B.asthatoftheearth

C.thatoftheearth

D.oneoftheearth

SectionB

Directions:IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectfromthefourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.

16.OneofthemostfamousofancienttimesSocrateswas,whoseteachingsare

ABCD

reflectedinPlato’swritings.

17.Whenaspidercatchesaninsect,itreleasessomepoisonintoaninsectwithits

ABC

fangs,butthepoisonofmostspidersisharmlesstoman.

D

18.Itisgenerallyknownthatthenaturalhabitatofthesetypesofmonkeysarethe

ABCD

centralandeasternforestofAfrica.

19.Batsareabletoguidethembyproducingsoundwavestoohighforustohear.

ABCD

20.Governmentauthoritiessaidtonightthatasmanyas10,000peoplewerenow

AB

believedmissingandfearedtodieafteracyclonedevastatedtheareaoverthe

CD

weekend.

21.NowherewehaveseentheresultsmoreclearlythaninEurope,whichreallyhave

ABC

surprisedusall.

D

22.Yesterdayafternoon,walkingalongtheroad,asmallflowerpotfellfromthe

ABC

balconyofahouse,andknockedhimunconscious.

D

23.Kennethhadhisheartsetonowingoneofthenewsportscars,buthefinally

ABC

succeededinbuyingone.

D

24.Mr.Smithiswellknownasapoet,andheisonlythreeyearsseniorthanI.

ABCD

25.Tosuchanextentdidhishealthdeterioratethatheforced

ABCD

26.Aturtlediffersfromallotherreptilesthatithasitsbodyencasedinaprotective

ABCD

shellofitsown.

27.Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchreinforceeach

ABotherinagreatvarietyofways,andeachisweakenedwhencarryingonwithout

CD

theother.

28.Thepointhereis,tounderstandwhatyouarereading,youmustthinkaboutwhat

AB

youarereading,youmustmakesensethemessageconveyedbythewords.

CD

29.WeintendtomovethatourcommitteeappointsProf.Baconaschairman,andwe

AB

hopethatyouwillsecondourmotion.

CD

30.AlthoughMarywasnotinvitedtothewedding,shewouldverymuchhaveliked

ABC

tohavegone.

D

31.Inaday’sworkapoliceofficeoftendealswithawidepanoramaofproblems

AB

fromthepursuingofsuspectingcriminalstotherescuingofatrappedkitten.

CD

32.Ifyouwereawardedaprizeoftenthousanddollars,whatwouldyoudowithitif

AB

youhadtospendinaday.

CD

33.Hewantedmoreoutoflife,notjustworkingathigh-paidjobsorspendingnights

ABC

onthestreetplayinggamesandaskedforabetterone.

D

34.Itisencouragingtonotethatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershavebeeninthe

ABC

decline,especiallyamongolderpeople.

D

35.Beethoven,thegreatmusician,wroteninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofthem

A

werewrittenafterhehadlosthishearing.

BCD

36.Thenewhotelhaserectedabeautifulbuildingwithrecreationareasand

AB

conferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhichthefinestviewofthecitycanbe

CD

obtained.

37.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleofthe

AB

insectthatisnotfullyunderstood.

CD

38.Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthan

AB

arethosewithlittleambition.

CD

39.Hegotup,walkedacrosstheroom,andwithasharpquickmovementflungthe

ABC

doorwidelyopen.

D

40.Theparcelyoupostmustbewellpacked.Inadequatepackingcanmeandelay

AB

damageorlossatyourownexpenses.

CD

PartⅡVocabularyandReadingComprehension(60%)

SectionA

Directions:Inquestions1-30eachsentencehasawordorphraseunderlined.Beloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrase,markedA,B,CandD.Youaretochoosetheonewordorphrasethat

bestkeepsthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedwordor

phrase.Then,onyouranswersheetfindthenumberofthequestionandblackenthespacethat

correspondstotheletteryouhavechosensothattheletterinsidetheovalcannotbeseen.

1.Punctualityisimperativeinyournewjob.

A.Beingefficient

B.Beingcourteous

C.Beingontime

D.Beingcheerful

2.Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfromsuccumbingtotheravagesoftime.

A.standingby

B.countingon

C.yieldingto

D.holdingup

3.ThefewAmericansatthepartyseemedjustasinhibitedastherestoftheguests.

A.restrained

B.tedious

C.comfortable

D.delighted

4.Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformas

aplacidsea.

A.fake

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.calm

5.Bythetimethatdisputewasresolved,relationsbetweenSeveroandmanagementhadbeenpoisoned.

A.disdained

B.retained

C.tainted

D.stained

6.NoremnantsofthesettlementofRoanoke,Virginia,werefoundbythenextgroupofcolonists.

A.traces

B.survivors

C.buildings

D.implements

7.Theclimateinthegreatplainsisarid.

A.hotanddry

B.hotandwet

C.coldandwet

D.coldanddry

8.Mr.DelRiowasaskedtocondensehisreportinordertoallowhisaudiencesometimetoaskquestion.

A.abbreviate

B.expand

C.continue

D.delay

9.Canthisbeaduplicateofthedocument?

A.asummary

B.arevision

C.anoutline

D.acopy

10.Sometimesapsychologicalproblemwilltriggeraphysicalreaction.

A.release

B.initiate

C.perform

D.settle

11.Heisinfamousforhisdishonestyinbusinessmatters.

A.notorious

B.dreaded

C.loathed

D.investigated

12.Toddlerssometimesrequirespecialattention.

A.Elderlypeople

B.Babies

C.Pets

D.Houseplants

13.Thesoldierrashlyagreedtoleadthedangerousexpedition.

A.resignedly

B.heroically

C.recklessly

D.reluctantly

14.Theoldwidowmusthavelikedtheyoungsoldier,forwhenshediedshelefthimmostofherfortune.

A.takenafter

B.takenup

C.takento

D.takenon

15.Thehotelwasafour-storybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

16.Themanic-depressiveusuallyfluctuatesbetweengreatexcitementanddeepdepression.

A.recovers

B.falls

C.improves

D.alternates

17.ThefirstmajoroutburstofmusicalcreativityintheUnitedStatesoccurredattheendofthenineteenthcentury.

A.surge

B.round

C.outcome

D.performance

18.LittleRockisthehubofthefederalinterstatehighwaysthatcrossArkansas.

A.highpoints

B.summit

C.path

D.center

19.Theworldisonthethresholdofanewcentury.

A.realizingtheimportanceof

B.atthebeginningof

C.expecting

D.establishinggoalfor

20.ThoughIamgoodatmyjob,itsuregrindsmedownsometimes.

A.oppressesme

B.disappointsme

C.boresme

D.troublesme

21.Thepresident’scompassionfortheneighboringrefugeescausedhimtoadmitaverylargenumberofthemintohiscountry.

A.friendship

B.pity

C.respect

D.hostility

22.Thegunfirewassporadic.

A.intermittent

B.frequent

C.continuous

D.distant

23.TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld’swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.

A.profligate

B.governmental

C.humanitarian

D.multinational

24.Thecriminalinsinuatedthathehadbeenroughlytreatedbythearrestingofficers.

A.suggestedindirectly

B.deniedpositively

C.arguedconvincingly

D.statedflatly

25.Minoankingshadsuchstrongnaviesthattheywereabletobuildunfortifiedpalaces.

A.unprotected

B.undeveloped

C.unequaled

D.unidentified

26.Realizingthatmanyreadersfindlongdescriptivepassagesuninteresting,Brucebeganhisstorywithanexcitingconflict.

A.melancholy

B.tedious

C.incredible

D.offensive

27.IntheNavajohousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayindispensablerolesinraisingchildren.

A.dominant

B.exemplary

C.essential

D.demanding

28.Forseveralyearsthelivesofthetwooldladiescontinuedtorevolveinintimateenmityaroundeachother.

A.companionship

B.hospitality

C.amiability

D.hostility

29.Theweatherforecastwasonlyforthemetropolitanarea,notfortheoutlyingfarmcommunities.

A.residential

B.geographical

C.city

D.industrial

30.Automationhasdoneawaywithmuchofthedrudgeryofwork.

A.uniqueness

B.dirtiness

C.unpleasantness

D.slowness

SectionB

Directions:Therestofthissectionisbasedonavarietyofreadingmaterialfollowedbyquestionsaboutthemeaningofthematerial.Forquestions31-60,youaretochoosetheonebestanswerA,B,Cor

Dtoeachquestion.Then,onyouranswersheet,findthenumberofthequestionandblacken

thespacethatcorrespondstotheletteroftheansweryouhavechosen.

Questions31-33

ThelibraryofCongressinWashington,D.C.,whichhousesthelargestcollectionofbooksintheworld,isfightingabattleagainstpaperdeterioration.Thepagesofoldbooks,oftenyellowedandtorn,sometimescrumblewhentheyaretouched.Themainculpritinthebattleistheacidicpaperthathasbeenusedformakingbookssincethenineteenthcentury.

Airpollutionandmoisturehaveaddedtotheproblem.Strangely,thebooksthataremostindangerofdestructionarenottheoldestbooks.Thepaperinbooksproducedbeforethelastcenturywasmadefromcottonandlinenrags,whicharenaturallylowinacid.AndtheGutenbergBible,printedfivecenturiesago,wasmadeofthincalfskin,andisinremarkablygoodshape.Butinthenineteenthcentury,withwidespreadliterarybringingademandforacheaperandmoreplentifulsupplyofpaper,theindustrybeganusingchemicallytreatedwoodpulpformakingpaper.Itisthechemicalinthispaperthatiscausingtoday’sproblem.

Thisproblemofpaperdeteriorationisoneofglobalconcern.France,Canada,andhasbeendevelopedrecently,infact,thatallowsformassdeacidificationofthousandsofbooksatthesametime.Itcostslessthanmicrofilmingandstillpreservesbooksintheiroriginalform.Itishopedtherewillsoonbetreatmentfacilitiesallovertheworldtopreserveanddeacidifylibrarybookcollections.

31.Accordingtothispassage,librariesaretryingtostop

A.thetearingofbooks

B.theyellowingofpages

C.theproblemofairpollution

D.thedeteriorationofpaper

32.Wecanassumefromthispassagethat

A.cottonandlinenragsarenotgoodformakingpaper

B.calfskinislowinacid

C.woodpulpisexpensive

D.microfilmingisaninexpensivewaytopreserveoldbooks

33.Somecountriesintheworldare

A.usingcalfskinforbookproduction

B.producingbooksfromcottonandlinenrags

C.doingresearchintomethodsofmasspreservation

D.buildingtreatmentfacilities

Question34-36

LewArcher,thedetectiveherocreatedbyRossMacDonaldinTheMovingTarget(1949),ismore

literaryinhistastesthanMikeHammer,andsomoreapttomuseonfateandthepastthantocreateapoliticalphilosophyoutoftheindividualistfantasiesofthepresent.Inpart,archeroweshisspecialsensitivitytothefactthathiscreatorplacedhiminthehastilythrownupworldofCaliforniaandtheWestCoastratherthaninthegrimyeasterncitiesofSpillaneandHammer.Attunedtohistoryasmuchastoaction,Archerismorefascinatedbythepastpatternsofrelationshipsthateruptintothepresentthanbytheimmediaciesofviolenceandpersonalconfrontation.LikeotherAmericannaturalists,bothArcherandHammerpridethemselvesontheirabilitytoknowallthepartsoftownandcountry.ButMacDonaldexploreswhatSpillaneessentiallydisregards:Theintricaciesoffamilyandthegradationofsocialclass.ThusSpillane’sheroseemstospringfromHammettandHemingway,whileMacDonald’sArcheroweshislineagetoChandlerandFaulkner.

34.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

A.toexplaintheplotofTheMovingTarget

B.Toshowtheimportanceofsettinginthedetectivenovel

C.ToprovethatArcherandHammerareliteraryheroes

D.Tocomparetwocharactersindetectivefiction

35.WhichofthefollowingisLEASTlikelytobecharacteristicofanArcherstory?

A.Aviolentargument

B.ACaliforniasetting

C.Aconcernwithsocialclass

D.Astudyoffamilyrelationship

36.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMacDonald’srelationshiptoChandlerandFaulkner?

A.MacDonaldportrayedthelivesofChandlerandFaulknerinoneofhisnovels.

B.MacDonaldfollowedinthetraditionofChandlerandFaulkner.

C.MacDonaldinfluencedtheworkofChandlerandFaulkner.

D.MacDonalddisregardedtheintricaciesofChandlerandFaulkner.

Question37-40

Time,wearetold,isrelative.Weknowfromourexperiencethathisisso.Onesummerinchildhoodstretchedforcons,yetayearinthelifeofabusyadultgiveshimhardlytimetoexchangeoneyear’scalendarforthenext.

Changeisrelativealso,thoughitisalwaysoccurring—and,indeed,isalawoftheexpandinguniverseofwhichourearthisapart.Buttheleisurelyprogressofman’sfirstfifteenmillionyearswassoslowthattieseemedtohimtostandstill.Changescouldbemeasuredinmillennia—noman’smemoryencompassedthespanbetweenthefirstuseofasharpstoneasaweapontotheshapedpointedspeartoextendhisfightingarm.

Buttodaychangeisaccelerated.Notinfrequentlytechnologycompoundsitsachievementsfasterthanwecanassimilatethem,andoftenmuchfasterthanwecanassimilatethem,andoftenmuchfasterthanthesocio-economicandotherelementsofcontemporarysocietyare“generalizedanimal”variesgreatlywithinthespecieshomosapiens,andwhatisenvisionedasprogressbythe“specializedbrains”ofsomewillbetolerabletoothersonlywiththepassageoftime.Nevertheless,accelerationofchangeisnowourfate,anditisinourpowertomakeitacontrolledacceleration.Thetimespanofchangerelativetohumanlifeisthecriticalfactor.Onceitwas:Lengthoflife=Givenwayoflife.Nowithasbecome:Lengthoflife=Givenwayoflife+changeintechnologicalfactors+changeineconomicandsocialfactors.Theindividualwhodoesnothavetomeetthisnewequationisrare.Theindustryorprofessionornationthatisunaffectedbyitisalivingfossil.

37.Inthefirsttwoparagraph,theauthor

A.saysthattimeseemstogofasterforchildren

B.compareschangetotime

C.saysthatadultsmustbecarefultochangecalendarseachyear

38.Accordingtoparagraphthree,technologicalachievements

A.easilyreplaceoldwaysofdoingthings

B.areseenasprogressbyhomosapiens

C.areoftenslowtobeaccepted

D.areintolerabletothe“specializedbrains”ofsome

39.Whatdoesthewritersayisacriticalfactorforman?

A.Accelerationofchange

B.Controlofaccelerationofchange

C.Tolerationoftechnologicaladvances

D.Timespanofchangerelativetohumanlife

40.Thetimespanofchangerelativetohumanlife

A.isnotasimportanttodayasitusedtobe

B.isamuchlongerandmorecomplexequationtodaythanitusedtobe

C.doesnothavetobemetbymostpeople

D.doesnotaffectindustries

Questions41-46

ImpressionisminpaintingdevelopedinthelatenineteenthcenturyinFrance.Itbeganwithalooselystructuredgroupofpainterswhogottogethermainlytoexhibittheirpaintings.Theirartwascharacterizedbytheattempttodepictlightandmovementbyusingpurebrokencolor.Themovementbeganwithfourfriendswhometinacafe:Monet,Renoir,Sisley,andBazille.Theywerereactingagainsttheacademicstandardsoftheirtimeandtheromanticemphasisonemotionasasubjectmatter.Theyrejectedtherolrofimaginationinart.Instead,theyobservednatureclosely,paintingwithascientificinterestinvisualphenomena.Theirsubjectmatterwasasdiverseastheirpersonalities.MonetandSislerypaintedlandscapeswithchangingeffectsoflight,andRenoirpaintedidealizedwomenandchildren.Theworksofimpressionistswerereceivedwithhostilityuntilthe1920s.Bythe1930simpressionismhadalargecultfollowing,andbythe1950seventheleastimportantworksbypeopleassociatedwiththemovementcommandedenormousprices.

41.Impressionismbeganwithasmallgroupofartistswhowantedto

A.uselightcolors

B.fightthegovernment

C.becomescientists

D.showtheirpaintings

42.Thefirstimpressionists

A.supportedtheacademicstandards

B.begananewacademy

C.didnotliketheacademicstandards

D.developednewofficialstandards

43.Theearlyimpressionistartistspainted

A.withimagination

B.differentsubjectmatter

C.landscapes

D.diversepersonalities

44.WhatsubjectmatterdidMonetandSisleyusuallypaint?

A.Countryscenes

B.Portraits

C.Skyscrapers

D.Animalsinnature

45.Whichofthefollowingtypifiestheearlyimpressionists?

A.Theyhadaromanticemphasis

B.Theytriedtoseenatureunemotionally

C.Theyworkedtowardaunifiedgoal

D.Theyidealizedlife

46.Mostpeopledidnotlikeimpressionisticpainting

A.before1920

B.between1920and1930

C.between1930and1950

D.after1950

Question47-50

TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalsystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualhierarchies:therearebothstateandfederalcourts.Eachstatehasitsownsystemofcourts,composedofcivilandcriminaltrialcourts,sometimesintermediatecourts,sometimesintermediatecourtsofappeal,andastatesupremecourt.Thefederalcourtsystemconsistsofaseriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)servingrelativelysmallgeographicregions(thereisatleastoneforeverystate),atierofcircuitcourtsofappealthathearappealsfrommanydistrictcourtsinaparticulargeographicregion,andtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.Thetwocourtsystemsaretosomeextentoverlapping,inthatcertainkindsofdisputes(suchasaclaimthatastatelawisinviolationoftheConstitution)maybeinitiatedineithersystem.Theyarealsotosomeextenthierarchical,forthefederalsystemstandsabovethestatesysteminthatlitigants(personsengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheircasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.

Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.Mostcasesgoonfurtherthanthetrialcourt:forexample,thecriminaldefendantisconvicted(byatrialoraguiltyplea)andsentencedbythecourtandthecaseends;thepersonalinjuredsuitresultsinajudgmentbyatrialcourt(ornaout-of-courtsettlementbythepartieswhilethecourtispending)andthepartiesleavethecourtsystem.Butsometimesthelosingpartyatthetrialcourtcaresenoughaboutthecausethatthematterdoesnotendthere.Inthesecases,the“l(fā)oser”atthetrialcourtmayappealtothenexthighercourt.

47.Accordingtothepassage,districtcourtsarealsoknownas

A.circuitcourts

B.supremecourts

C.intermediatecourts

D.trialcourts

48.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,thephrase“engagedin”couldbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

A.committedto

B.involvedin

C.attentiveto

D.engrossedin

49.Thepassageindicatesthatlitigantswholosetheircasesinthestatetrialcourtmaytakethemtoa

A.differenttrialcourtinthesamestate

B.courtinadifferentgeographicregion

C.federaltrialcourt

D.statesupremecourt

50.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattypicalcourtcasesare

A.alwaysappealed

B.usuallyrevolvedinthedistrictcourts

C.alwaysoverlapping

D.usuallysettledbytheSupremeCourt

Question51-54

CottonMather,theso-called“Puritanpriest,”isamanfamiliartoallhistoriansinterestedinearlyAmerica.Undeniably,hehadaprofoundimpactontheintellectualclimateinAmericaduringthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies.Inplacingthismanincontext,itisimportanttorealizethattheeraintowhichMatherwasbornin1663waswhatmightbecalledmedievalearlyAmerica,atimeverydifferentfromthepost-EnlightenmentAmericacharacterizedbyGeorigianarchitectureandrepublicanideas.nonetheless,itwastimeofconsiderablephilosophicalevolution,andCottonMatherwasaprominentforce

notonlyinthereligiousandlegalthoughtoftheday,butalsoinmedicalaffairs.

CottonMather’smaternalgrandfatherwasJohnCotton,whofortwentyyearswasaministerofSt.BotolphChurchinBoston,Linconshire,England.hewascompelledtogiveuphispostwhenatownsmanchargedthatmagistrateswerenotrequiredtokneelatthesacramentinReverendCotton’schurch.Insometheologicaldisgrace,JohnCottonsetofffortheNewWorld,and,asithappeed,hesailedforAmericawithtwootherministers,ThomasHookerandSamuelStone.Thiswastakentobeagoodomenbyallthree,foroneshipbroughtCottonforclothing,Stoneforbuilding,andHookerforfishing.ReverendCottonpreached