高中英語-How life began on the earth教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)情分析教材分析課后反思

學(xué)情分析在我校高中階段，英語學(xué)習(xí)是不少學(xué)生的薄弱點(diǎn)，在高中各學(xué)科中，英語學(xué)習(xí)的困難居其他學(xué)科之首（尤其對(duì)男生），導(dǎo)致很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣，甚至放棄了對(duì)英語的學(xué)習(xí)。主要表現(xiàn)在一下下幾個(gè)方面：1．學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的不明大多數(shù)人把學(xué)習(xí)英語看作是“為了高考”，是“被迫無奈”，而沒有當(dāng)作是多掌握了一樣人生的工具。因此，不少學(xué)生缺乏學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力，無法將強(qiáng)烈的學(xué)習(xí)愿望變成強(qiáng)大的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)驅(qū)力，有效地推動(dòng)自己的英語學(xué)習(xí)。事實(shí)表明，目的明確的學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)水平較高，而缺乏明確目的的學(xué)生，水平較低。教師應(yīng)該試圖提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，從而提高中學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)水平。2.缺乏積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和毅力不少學(xué)生對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)的努力程度不夠。他們有學(xué)好英語的愿望，但缺乏學(xué)習(xí)的毅力，沒有長(zhǎng)期努力的思想準(zhǔn)備。他們不愿在英語學(xué)習(xí)上多花時(shí)間與精力，遇到困難很容易產(chǎn)生疲勞感，甚至厭煩感。積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度會(huì)促進(jìn)英語水平的提高，而消極的態(tài)度會(huì)抑制進(jìn)步。他們的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度主要是建立在興趣之上的。因此，教師應(yīng)盡可能呼喚起他們的積極態(tài)度，提升學(xué)習(xí)效果。要避免一人講課、眾人聽課的局面，多一些互動(dòng)，吸引學(xué)生參與課堂教學(xué)。教師要精神飽滿地上課，因?yàn)槟愕膽B(tài)度會(huì)直接影響學(xué)生的行為。盡量讓課堂充滿生氣，提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。3.缺乏對(duì)英語的興趣和信心對(duì)英語的興趣“一般”或“不大”的人數(shù)較多。興趣是推動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的重要力量。人們對(duì)有興趣的東西往往表現(xiàn)出極大的積極性。如果學(xué)生對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)有興趣，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。不少學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)好英語不抱任何希望。自信心是一種強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力，能激勵(lì)人積極行動(dòng)，追求一定的目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持不懈地去實(shí)現(xiàn)自認(rèn)為可達(dá)到的成就。學(xué)生自信心越強(qiáng)，就越易學(xué)好英語，學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步越大，學(xué)習(xí)的自信心就越足。自信心強(qiáng)的學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)水平較高，而缺乏自信心的學(xué)生，由于害怕出錯(cuò)，得到的操練機(jī)會(huì)少，語言能力提高就不明顯。因此提高自信心對(duì)提高英語學(xué)習(xí)水平非常重要。4.缺乏最基本的學(xué)習(xí)方法語言學(xué)習(xí)的最大特點(diǎn)是輸出的能力是由輸入量的大小來決定的。也就是說，讀得多聽得多言語能力就會(huì)越強(qiáng)。學(xué)習(xí)本族語，你不找它，它也會(huì)找你。但學(xué)習(xí)英語你不找它，它永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)找你。因此，對(duì)于我們學(xué)生，最急需做的是讓他們持續(xù)不懈地多讀多聽。效果分析從整個(gè)教學(xué)流程來看，通過各種活動(dòng)，如，限時(shí)閱讀、完成文章大意練習(xí)，再進(jìn)行文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，逐段理解并完成正誤判斷，具體信息練習(xí)，文章填空等讓學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)老師的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)意圖成功完成老師安排的各項(xiàng)教學(xué)活動(dòng)，使學(xué)生獲得了由整體到部分再到整體的認(rèn)識(shí)的升華，使抽象復(fù)雜的文章變得通俗易懂，達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果。教材分析“讀前”（Pre—reading）部分主要是讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。學(xué)生總喜歡聽故事或者講故事，在探討生命起源之前，讓學(xué)生探討一下關(guān)于宇宙起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識(shí)，激發(fā)他們的思維?！伴喿x”（Reading）部分講述了地球生命的起源，水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，然后通過上百萬年后，陸地上才長(zhǎng)出綠色植物，然后出現(xiàn)陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類也隨之產(chǎn)生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人省醒：Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon..它關(guān)系到地球上生命的未來?！袄斫狻保–omprehending）部分通過四個(gè)選擇題檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生理解本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個(gè)問題，考察學(xué)生深層理解和推斷能力。評(píng)測(cè)練習(xí)第一部分：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Dadwasnotonlymybestfriend,butmycompass(指南針).Whilehewasalive,he1mewithhisactionsandadvice.Hetaughtmeoneimportant2:“Believeinyourself.”Iftherewasonephrasemydad3likedtohear,itwas“Ican’t.”Henevergottofinishhighschooland4twojobstosupporthislargefamily,5henevercomplained.Througheducationandyearsofhardwork,mydadbecameanexcellentjournalist.WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihada6timewithmath.Hetriedtohelpme,butI7struggled.SomymathteachersuggestedImeetwithhimat7:00eachmorningbeforeschoolfor8help.ItoldDad,“That’s9!I’mtired!Ican’tdothat!”Hereplied,“You’redoingit.I’llsendyoutoschool.”Everymorningat6:45,we’dleavethe10.Despite(盡管)working12hourseveryday,Dadneveronce11drivingmetoschool.Aftermonthsof12,Iwasfacingthefinalexam.Iwasso13.Onthedayofthefinal,mydadhuggedmeandsaid,“Luke,14yourself.Youcandoit.”HiswordsmademerealizeIneededtotrustinmy15andinthehoursofworkI’d16.WhenIgotmy17proudly,thefirstpersonIcalledwasmyfather.Hecried,“Yes!Youdeservedit!”Evennow,wheneverI18thatataskistoomuchforme,Ithinkbacktothatexam.Nomatterhow19somethingis,ifyou’rewillingtowork,youcansucceed.I’mforever20toDadforthatlesson.1.A.understood B.forgave C.guided D.impressed2.A.history B.lesson C.skill D.language3.A.always B.almost C.ever D.never4.A.took B.lost C.left D.finished5.A.so B.or C.but D.and6.A.good B.free C.terrible D.short7.A.still B.nearly C.hardly D.probably8.A.real B.practicalC.immediate D.extra9.A.wonderful B.crazy C.expensive D.necessary10.A.house B.school C.office D.farm11.A.suggested B.risked C.enjoyed D.missed12.A.meeting B.testing C.learning D.interviewing13.A.excited B.nervous C.happy D.shocked14.A.standfor B.holdback C.believein D.lookafter15.A.teacher B.luck C.time D.ability16.A.wasted B.ignored C.pickedup D.putin17.A.answer B.grade C.pay D.gift18.A.hope B.forget C.worry D.promise19.A.different B.important C.hard D.interesting20.A.grateful B.sorry C.polite D.useful第二部分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。DanaCummingswasinhisthirtiesbeforehefirstwentsurfing.But,evenmoreinterestingisthatDanaCummingschosetolearnthesportafterlosingaleginacaraccident.Now,nineyearslater,hehelpsotherdisabled(傷殘的)peoplelearnhowtoridethewavesinAmpSurf.OnthecoastofMaine,heisworkingwith27-year-oldMatthewFish,whoispartlyblind.CummingstakesholdofFishandleadshimintotheocean.Thesurfboardfloatsnexttothem.Fishliesonthesurfboard.Hetriestostanduponit.Afterafewattempts(嘗試)heisupandridingallthewaybacktoland.“Thatwasexciting,”Fishsays.Acaraccidentin2002tookDanaCummings’leg.Hesaysthecrashchangedhimmorethanjustphysically.“Losingmylegmademerealizehowprecious(珍貴的)lifeisandgetoffthecouchandstartliving.IdomorethingsnowthanIeverdidbefore.NextweekIamgoingtocompeteinacontestinHawaii,”Danasays.OneyearlaterDanaCummingsformedAmpSurf.AmpSurfisagroupthatvolunteerstoholdsurfingclassesandeventsforpeoplewithallkindsofdisabilities.Recently,AmpSurftookitstrainingprogramstotheEastCoast.ElevenstudentsattendedtheclassinMaine.TheycamefromalloverthenortheasternUnitedStates.DanaCummingsthinksAmpSurfcanchangethewayadisabledpersonthinks.“Mostpeoplewithdisabilitiesconsiderhimselforherselfunluckyanduseless,butwewantthemtoseewhattheycando.Whocaresyouloseyourlegoryouareblind,whatever?Havefun.Justenjoylife.Takethemostadvantageofityoucan,”Danasays.21.MatthewFishthinkslearningtoridethewavesis_____.A.boring B.easy C.interesting D.difficult22.WhendidDanaCummingssetupAmpSurfaccordingtothetext?A.In2002. B.In2003. C.In2008. D.In2011.23.AccordingtoDanaCummings,AmpSurfcan_____.A.easethephysicalpainofthedisabledB.helpthedisabledlearntogetusedtotheirlifeC.changetheattitudeofthedisabledtowardslifeD.makethedisabledpaymoreattentiontotheirdisabilities24.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DanaCummings—agreatsurferB.AmpSurf—atraininggroupC.HowtolearntolivewithdisabilitiesD.Disabledsurfersridethewaves第三部分（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。FivestepstobetterhandwritingSomekidslovehandwriting,butothershatewhenit’stimetoputtheirpentopaper.Maybetheyareworriedabouttheirhandwriting.Areyouoneofthem?25Herearefivestepsthatreallywork!GetagreatgraspTrythis—holdyourpencilatthetopandtrytowriteyourname.Prettyhard?Butwhenyouholdyourpencilthecorrectway,writingismucheasier.26Holditinplacewithyourthumb,andyourindex(食指)andmiddlefingers.LetthelinesbeyourguideLinedpaperisyourfriend!Thoselinescanhelpyoucreatelettersthataretherightsizeandproportion(均衡).27Alsobesuretofillupthelinedspacecompletely.Thosecapitallettersshouldbefromthebottomlinetothetopone.SlowdownIfyourwritingishardtoread,tryslowingdownalittle.Ifyourush,it’shardtocontrolwhereyoustopandstartyourletters.Lowerthepressure(壓力)28Thatmakesithardertomakethesmoothlines.Tryeasingupanddon’tholdthepenciltootightly.29Lotsofgamesrequireyoutowriteordrawpictures.Soeventhoughit’snotschoolwork,you’restillusingtheskillsyouneedtocontrolyourpenbetter.A.PlaygamesB.AskformoreadviceC.So“a”shouldbehalftheheightofacapital“A”.D.You’vebeenwritingsinceyouwerealittlekid.E.Somekidspressdownreallyhardwhentheywrite.F.Thegoodnewsisthatjustabouteveryonecanimprovetheirhandwriting.G.Thebestwaytoholdapenorpencilistoletitrestnexttothebaseofyourthumb.第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。MyyoungcousinTomseemstohaveendlessquestiontoaskeveryday.Oneday,heaskedmehowlifeonearthbeganafterwatchafilm.Tobehonest,thequestionremainsapuzzletome.Therefore,inordernottolethimdown,Ifoundtheanswerinabook.Itsays,“Longagotheearthwasaclouddust.Thedustsettledintoasolidglobebeforebillionsofyears.Theearthbecamesuchviolentthatitexplodedloud.Thenwater,thatisimportantforlifetodevelop,begantoappear.Asthetimewenton,differentlifeformsbegan.”第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）Writeashortpassageabouthowlifedevelopedontheearthinyourownwords.課后反思應(yīng)在今后的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中繼續(xù)降低難度，設(shè)計(jì)更多易于激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣，易于學(xué)生掌握的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，采用探究式及任務(wù)型等多種學(xué)習(xí)方式，提供語言運(yùn)用平臺(tái)，讓學(xué)生在“用中學(xué)，學(xué)中用”，使學(xué)生獲得自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作學(xué)習(xí)和探究學(xué)習(xí)的能力，把文章中的長(zhǎng)難句通過多種形式加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生自然輕松地獲取和運(yùn)用知識(shí)。課標(biāo)分析根據(jù)《英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（實(shí)驗(yàn)稿）關(guān)于總目標(biāo)的具體描述，結(jié)合高一學(xué)生實(shí)際和教材內(nèi)容，我們將教學(xué)目標(biāo)分為語言知識(shí)、語言技能、學(xué)習(xí)策略、情感態(tài)度、文化意識(shí)五個(gè)方面。語言知識(shí)（Knowledge）詞匯（Vocabulary）：能理解、內(nèi)化、運(yùn)用以下生詞--atmosphere,violent--violence,solid,explode,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful—harm,development—develop,spread,method,presence,telescope,disappointed,force,gradually,float,短語(Phrasesandexpressions)：thesolarsystem,intime,carbondioxide,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,功能(Functions)：學(xué)習(xí)掌握一些用于陳述問題及給予意見的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Myproblem/troubleis……?Thedifficulty/questionis…Myadvice/suggestionis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…Pleasepayattentionto…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…語法(Grammar)：掌握和運(yùn)用名詞性從句。如：1.Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.2.Whythereisgravityishardtounderstand.3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonit’ssurface.2．語言技能(Skills)聽：能通過聽前預(yù)測(cè)，抓關(guān)鍵詞來捕捉特定信息從而聽懂理解文章。說：能熟練掌握與話題相關(guān)的常用詞匯與表達(dá)，如：如何通過英語來正確客觀地表述問題及給予意見，同時(shí)使學(xué)生能就話題較好地完成一些開放性話題，以提高在真實(shí)語境中的英語交際能力。讀：獲取關(guān)于astronomy的相關(guān)信息,且進(jìn)行skimming,scanning,carefulreading,generalization;inference等閱讀微技能訓(xùn)練。寫：能通過輸入對(duì)本單元內(nèi)容有一個(gè)較好的輸出。3學(xué)習(xí)策略(Strategy)：學(xué)生能在一定程度上形成合作學(xué)習(xí)、自主學(xué)習(xí)、有效交際、信息處理和英語思維的能力。如：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生使用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱有關(guān)星球的資料。4．情感態(tài)度(Affect)：讓學(xué)生了解生命的起源，增強(qiáng)其保護(hù)地球的意識(shí)。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確的閱讀觀，和良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，加強(qiáng)其自主閱讀的能力。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)探索的精神。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作和共享的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。5文化意識(shí)(Culturalawareness)：通過學(xué)生自主探究來認(rèn)識(shí)各國(guó)對(duì)太空，對(duì)星球的研究，以及他們對(duì)世界航天事業(yè)不同的影響。Unit4Astronomy:HowlifeBeganontheEarthDesignedby:ZongchenghuaLearningaims:1Knowledgeaim:toknowthedevelopmentoflife.2Abilityaim:toformagoodhabitofreading.3Emotionalaim:Raiseourawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Step1:SkimmingSkimthepassageforthemainideaofthewholepassageandeachparagraph.SkimmingforthemainideaofthetextThetextmainlytellsus______Theearth’satmosphereThesolarsystemTheformationoftheearthandthedevelopmentoflifeontheearthThedifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsMatchthemainideawitheachparagraphPara.1a)ThearrivalofhumansandtheireffectontheearthPara.2b)ThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthPara.3c)AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniversePara.4d)TheimportanceofwaterforlifePara.5e)TheformationoftheearthStep2:ScanningScanparagraphs1-3andfinishtheexercises.Stage1Readandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?______________________________________________________________________2.Whatisthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?______________________________________________________________________Stage2:Thedevelopmentoftheearth(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?______________________________________________________________________(2)Whathappenednext?______________________________________________________________________(3)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?_____________________________________________________________________Stage3:Howdidtheearthcomeintobeing?1________________________________→2_____________________________→3__________________________________→4_____________________________________→5__________________________________→6____________________________________→7_____________________________________Step3:ScanningStage1:Scanparagraphs4-5andfinishtheexercises。1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?__________________________________________________________________________2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?___________________________________________________________________________3.Whataboutthelifeonland?___________________________________________________________________________4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?______________________________________________________________________________5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?_____________________________________________________________________________6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?____________________________________________________________________________7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?_______________________________________________________________________________Stage2:TrueorfalseReptileswereanimalsliveonlandaswellasinthewater.()Fishappearedbeforesmallwaterplants.()Bothdinosaursandreptilesfeedyoungonmilk.()Thereasonforthedisappearanceofdinosaursisunknowntous.()Mammalsbecamemoreandmore