托福聽力講座學(xué)術(shù)背景詞匯歸類

托福講座學(xué)術(shù)背景詞匯歸antibody抗體toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫學(xué)vaccinefungus真菌bacteria細(xì)菌fermentation發(fā)酵inflection傳染/microorganism/microbe微生物disfectionsterilization滅菌biology生物學(xué)marinebiology海洋生物學(xué)entomology昆蟲學(xué)ornithology鳥類學(xué)microbiology微生物學(xué)genetics遺傳學(xué)speciology物種學(xué)parasitology學(xué)paleontology古生物學(xué)paleontologist古生物學(xué)家dinosaur恐龍dieout/extinctionm l哺乳動(dòng)物carnivore食肉動(dòng)物rodent嚙齒類動(dòng)物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潛水/跳水one-celled捕獵者oceanicsnail蝸牛animaladaptation動(dòng)物適應(yīng)性survivalofthefittest適者生originofspecies物種wildenvironment野生環(huán)境insecticide殺蟲劑prenatalcare產(chǎn)后護(hù)理habitat棲息地tentacle觸須prey捕食navigate導(dǎo)航tinyreceptornerve/specimen物種amphibian兩棲類動(dòng)物declineinthenumber數(shù)量減少genegenetic的遺傳的endangeredspecies瀕危動(dòng)物survival活著的transition轉(zhuǎn)變/過渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria 細(xì)菌single-cell單細(xì)胞reptile爬行類動(dòng)物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孫chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未卵nutrient營(yíng)養(yǎng)品nourishment營(yíng)養(yǎng)品/食物feed喂養(yǎng)cannibalism同類相食respiration呼吸ingestion攝食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell細(xì)胞nucleus細(xì)胞核cytosm細(xì)胞質(zhì)smalemma/cellmembrane細(xì)胞膜cellwall細(xì)胞壁protein蛋白質(zhì)aminoacid核酸nkton浮游生物heredity遺傳mutationofspecies物種變異chromosomegeneticengineering遺傳工程solitary獨(dú)居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis變態(tài)/變形mutation變種variation變異zoology動(dòng)物學(xué)Darwinism學(xué)說naturalselection自然選擇phylum門class綱ordersuborderfamilygenusspecies種invertebrate無脊椎動(dòng)物vertebrate脊椎動(dòng)aquaticlife水生動(dòng)物reptile爬行動(dòng)物amphibian/amphibiousanimal兩棲動(dòng)物protozoarodentruminantparasiticanimalprimate靈長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物nkton浮游生物mollusk軟體動(dòng)物coelente腔腸動(dòng)物（母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivoremlhomothermcold-bloodedanimal冷omnivorous雜食的bird鳥類camouflagehibernate冬眠；蟄伏regeneration再生predatorycarnivorepredatorpreyhordes/swarms（昆蟲等）sanitationmonogamous一夫一妻的/polygamous一夫多捕動(dòng)物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige器fertilizer使metabolism新陳代謝bree（名（systemexcretorysystemreproductivesystemcirculatoryesophagusstomachsmallintestinelargeintestineanusdigestiveglandsalivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰squirrelmartenbatsqueak（老鼠等）otteranopegorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymencrocodilechirp（鳥、蟲的）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmigan雷鳥migrate遷移bil大黃蜂spider蜘蛛pest害蟲worm蟲/蠕蟲cicada蟬mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂antennatentaclelarvajellyfishnettlefishcoraldolphinwhaleshrimpprawn對(duì)蝦squid魷魚；烏賊burro/octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚ice鰈，紅斑比目魚（botany植物學(xué)botanical/botanic植物學(xué)的horticulture 園藝學(xué)aquaticnt水生植物parasitent 寄生植物root根canopy 樹冠層/頂棚foliage/leaf葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel/skin果皮s硬）果殼husk（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干bark樹皮branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝jungle 叢林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧場(chǎng)prairie大草原mosses苔蘚shrub/bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物horsetails木賊類植物clubmosses類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 葉綠素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋謝blossom花pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue組織organsystem系統(tǒng)seeds everlasting永久的crossbreed雜交rootpressure根壓bore腔（/腸cohesion-tension凝聚壓力column花柱necrosis壞死barren貧瘠的；不的futile無用的carbohydrate(starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維malnourished營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的nutrition 營(yíng)養(yǎng)perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 綠油油的，嫩綠的，翠綠的evergreen常青樹conifertree針葉樹larch落葉松pine松樹spruce云杉juniper刺柏；sequoiaelm榆樹walnut核桃樹redwood 紅木樹plumblossom梅花orchid蘭花chrysanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/蓮花rhododendron 杜鵑花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨l(fā)ily jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce萵苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麥rye黑麥barley大麥oats燕麥meteorologymeteorologistmeteorologicalstationforecast/predict預(yù)報(bào)climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對(duì)流層stratosphere平流層mesosphereionosphereexospherecoldfront冷鋒warmairmass熱氣團(tuán)current（氣）moisturespellvapor蒸發(fā)damp/moist/humid潮濕humidity濕度moisture潮濕/水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog/mist霧smog煙霧droplet小水condense濃縮crystal水晶體sheet（水、冰雪的一層downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempest(storm)/torrentialrain暴風(fēng)雨drizzle細(xì)雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard/snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪avalanche/snowslide precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微風(fēng)sandstorm沙暴monsoon季風(fēng)gale大風(fēng)whirlwind旋風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)tornado/twister/cyclonewindscale風(fēng)級(jí)tsunami/seismicseawave海嘯tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上層大氣funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophedevastation破壞submergedroughtconvectionwindvelocitywinddirection風(fēng)向long-rangeforecastnumericalweatherpredictionnephysis云層分析；衛(wèi)crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼layer/stratum地層stratigraphy地層學(xué)fault斷層faultne斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift/crack/split斷裂disintegration/ 火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖limestone石灰?guī)rgranite花ore礦石deposit礦床rubble碎石debris殘骸tinum白金/鉑金silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury/水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰漬moraines冰磧iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山(slo)shieldvolcano盾狀火（平緩）(steep-sided)conevolcano錐狀火山（陡峭）eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口caldera（開口較大的火山口depression洼地凹陷處盆地lava火山巖漿volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰geyser間歇噴泉hotspring 溫泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seismseismic的seismology學(xué)magnitude震級(jí)seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave波transversewave橫波longitudinalwave縱波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock 余震clysm災(zāi)變tsunami/tidal/海嘯undersealandslide海底山崩m(xù)eltglobalwarming全球逐漸變暖aquifer蓄 swamp沼澤peatbog泥炭沼澤GreatCanyon大峽谷NileRiver尼羅河Coloradoriver科多河crumpleszones地質(zhì)緩沖地帶bedrock巖床bulge凸起物archaeologypaleontologyanthropologarchaeologist人類學(xué)家pale-anthropologist古人類學(xué)家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家psychological同以種族（種類）tribeclanexcavationexcavate/unearthruins遺跡/廢墟remains遺產(chǎn)/遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物/antique古物/古董antiquity古代/StoneAgeBronzeAge青銅器時(shí)代IronAge鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的MesolithicNeolithicmorphology形skullcranialfossilancientcivilizationcaveman山頂洞人culturalrelicsrockpainting巖畫hemispheremeridian/parallel平行圈latitudelongitude/經(jīng)elevationaltitude/horizonequatortemperaturelatitudestropicsArctictheNorthPole北極Antarctic/Antarctica南極theAntarcticContinenttheAntarcticCircletheArcticCircleaurora極tropicsofCancertropicsofCapricorninternationaldateline國(guó)際日期變更線timedifference時(shí)差timezone時(shí)區(qū)topography地形/地形學(xué)in平原/highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis綠洲enclave飛地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脈carven/caveterrain地域subterranean地coastland 沿海地區(qū)coastline海岸線watershed分水嶺upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉積spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海灣waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；噴流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrain熱帶雨林continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島peninsular半島archipelago群島delta三角洲landlockedarea內(nèi)陸inlandwaterway內(nèi) subcontinent次大陸cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陸架canyon/gorge峽谷channel/strait海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的/陸地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地?zé)醫(yī)errestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學(xué)sea-floorspreading海床擴(kuò)展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom 床sediment沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象tundra苔原，凍原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimeval 森林Scandinavia斯堪的納維亞()(瑞典、挪威、丹麥、冰島的泛稱)fjord峽灣coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白堊紀(jì)clysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水嶺abyss 深淵territory版圖領(lǐng)土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脈Carpathians喀爾巴阡山脈Vesuvius維蘇威火山Pompeii astronomy天文學(xué)astronomicalobservatory天文臺(tái)netarium天文館astrophysics天理學(xué)astrology占星學(xué)pseudoscience偽科學(xué)cosmos/universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celestial天體的celestialbody/heavenlybody天體celestialmap/skyatlas天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf/dwarfstar矮星quasar類星體conslation 星座galaxy/MilkyWay系starcluster星團(tuán)asterism星群solarsystem系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation 輻射net行星netoid/asteroid小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit軌道spin旋轉(zhuǎn)salitelunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星體meteorite隕石彗星space/outerspace太空外層空間spacecraft/spaceship宇宙飛船spaceshuttle航天飛機(jī)spaceescope空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡astronaut/spaceman 宇航員spacesuit宇航服 恒星的intergalactic星系間的interslar恒星間的internetary行星間的asteroid小行星nebula spacedebris太空ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球?qū)觕hromospheres色球；色球?qū)尤彰釋觭unspot黑子（發(fā)生在光球?qū)樱ゝlare耀斑真空infraredray紅外線absolutemagnitude絕對(duì)量級(jí)emission發(fā)射/散發(fā)high-resolution晰度interferometer 干擾儀，儀illusiveobject幻影體faint微弱的image影像gravitational molten融化的leapyear閏年rotation自傳revolution公轉(zhuǎn)blackhole 黑洞ultravioletray紫外線luminosity光度lightyear光年ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balanceofnature自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動(dòng)物群flora植物群rain 雨林foodchain 食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouse溫室效應(yīng)infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer/ozonosphere臭氧層ultravioletradiation紫外輻射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution 空氣控制waterpollution 水污染noxious/ 的fumes（的）廢氣waste廢物solidwaste固體廢物sewage/wastewater污水sewagepurification污水凈化swagedisposal污水處理decibel（噪音fossilfuel礦物processofphotosynthesis光合作用solarenergy能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保護(hù)能源resource資源energysource能源資源tidal 潮汐能fuel-efficient節(jié)能型的rushhour期zeroemission零輻射wildness野生/天然preservation保護(hù)atmosphere大氣carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃燒globalwarming全球變暖greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)riseinsealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange長(zhǎng)期的氣候變化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循環(huán)利用中心litter/trashgarbagepollutant污染物desertification沙漠化de濫伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease 二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工業(yè)污水recycling再循環(huán)purify 化deteriorateacidrain酸雨sewagedisposal污水處理environmentprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)ozonelayer臭氧層wastedisposal廢物處理emission（汽車廢氣的）排放soot煙塵ElNi?o厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象藝術(shù)家choreographer舞蹈編排家critic批評(píng)家satirist諷刺作家inventor發(fā)明家biographer自傳作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女權(quán)主義者h(yuǎn)umanitarian人道主義者imagist意象派詩(shī)人philanthropist慈善家proprietor業(yè)主mortal 犯人precursor 先驅(qū) 名譽(yù)disciple學(xué)徒apprentice學(xué)徒mechanic機(jī)械工minimalist簡(jiǎn)單抽象派藝術(shù)家avant-garde前衛(wèi)派territory領(lǐng)域genre風(fēng)格/體裁eccentric古怪的odd怪誕/erraticweird怪異的/romanticinnocent天真的/無罪的lovelornemotional情緒的/情感的sentimental感傷的/cheerless無精打采的/無生命力的patriarchal家長(zhǎng)的/族長(zhǎng)的rigid的spare簡(jiǎn)樸的clumsy笨拙zigzagcontemporaryacclaimedpreeminent杰出的真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia懷舊主義/思鄉(xiāng)emotiveprodigiousclassicposthumous死后的pose散文diaryautobiography傳記editorialnarrativeprose敘述性descriptiveprose描寫性essay隨筆poetry詩(shī)歌ballad民謠lullaby曲fiction小說allegory寓言fairytale童話legendproverb諺語(yǔ)model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公mainplotpreludeprologueepiloguelirycriticism文學(xué)批評(píng)lirystudiesschoolsofliturecomparativeliture比較文學(xué)realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義surrealism超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義futurism未來主義modernism現(xiàn)代主義aestheticism唯美主義musicalinstrument樂器orchestra（管弦）樂隊(duì)shookrattle搖撥浪鼓pounddru擊 footbeat跺腳note 音符score樂譜movement樂章fanatical狂熱的hillbillymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂folkmusic民間音樂popmusic流行音樂classicalmusic古典音樂Jazz爵士樂symphony交響樂rockandroll搖滾樂bandmusic/windmusic管樂string弦樂viol