2021高三全國統(tǒng)考英語（話題版）一輪學(xué)案：第2編 專題十三 構(gòu)詞法含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021高三全國統(tǒng)考英語（話題版）一輪學(xué)案：第2編專題十三構(gòu)詞法含解析專題十三構(gòu)詞法1。（2019·全國卷Ⅰ,62）Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen________(poor）studied。答案：poorly修飾動詞studied應(yīng)用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。2．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，68)Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto________（strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.答案：strengthen在不定式符號to后面用動詞原形。3．（2018·浙江高考，62)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe________(afford）butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.答案：affordablebe動詞后應(yīng)接形容詞。affordable“付得起的”。4．（2018·全國卷Ⅰ，43)And，evenifIweren’t________（excite)enoughaboutfreecredits，newsaboutourinstructorwasappealingenoughtome.答案:excited系動詞后面應(yīng)用形容詞，此處修飾人，故填excited。5．（2018·全國卷Ⅱ，55)________(fortunate),afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner。答案:Fortunately副詞作狀語修飾整個句子，故用Fortunately.6．（2018·全國卷Ⅱ，59)Istillcan'tbelievewhata________(coincident）itwas。答案：coincidence不定冠詞a后面應(yīng)接名詞，故填coincidence.7．（2018·全國卷Ⅲ，48)Inher________(excited），shedidn’tseemtorealizethatshewassharingthebaby’sphotoswithacompletestranger。答案：excitementher后應(yīng)接名詞，故填excitement。8．（2017·全國卷Ⅰ，69）However,be________（care）nottogotoextremes.答案：careful名詞加后綴.ful變成形容詞，作表語或定語。此句用于becareful（not）todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。9．（2017·全國卷Ⅲ，70)Itis________（certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.答案：certainly此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞fun，certain加后綴。ly構(gòu)成其副詞形式。10．（2017·江蘇高考，29，改編）OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart-phonesdefeated________（convention)PCsinsales。答案：conventional此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞PCs。名詞后加后綴-al變成形容詞,故填conventional.常用的英語構(gòu)詞法一名詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞二動詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞三動詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞四名詞加后綴構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的抽象名詞五形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成副詞。lyactually實際上；事實上entirely完全地；全然地；整個地exactly確實如此;恰好；確切地frequently常常；頻繁地gradually逐漸地;逐步地personally就個人而言;親自地selflessly無私地；忘我地sincerely真誠地；真摯地unfortunately不幸地六形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞。nessbrightness明亮；亮度；聰穎darkness黑暗;漆黑fitness健康happiness幸福；快樂illness疾病kindness仁慈；好意sadness悲哀；悲傷seasickness暈船sickness疾??；惡心七形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成動詞（一）。enblacken使變黑brighten使更明亮；使更有希望ripen使成熟；成熟shorten縮短；使變短deepen使……加深；變深sharpen使變得鋒利weaken（對某事的決心)動搖;減弱；（使）變?nèi)鮤arden變硬;硬化widen拓寬。izemodernize使現(xiàn)代化realize實現(xiàn)。ifysimplify簡化diversify使……多樣化八形容詞加前綴構(gòu)成動詞(二）en-前綴，表示“使得……，使成為……”enlarge擴大enable使能夠enrich使富裕；充實;改善九常見的表示特定含義的前綴re.(重復(fù),再）rearrange重新整理reappear再現(xiàn)rebuild重建reconfirm再證實recount重新計算recover重新獲得anti.(反，抗拒)anti。war反戰(zhàn)的anti-pollution防止環(huán)境污染的anti-social反社會的bi.(二,雙）bilingual雙語的bilateral雙邊的ex.（以前的）ex-president前總統(tǒng)ex。husband前夫ex。serviceman退役軍人十表示“人”的名詞后綴。istarchaeologist考古學(xué)家artist藝術(shù)家chemist藥劑師；化學(xué)家cyclist騎自行車的人dentist牙科醫(yī)生journalist記者；新聞工作者novelist小說家pianist鋼琴家;鋼琴演奏者scientist科學(xué)家tourist旅行者；觀光者typist打字員violinist小提琴演奏者-an/.ianAmerican美國人Australian澳大利亞人European歐洲人Russian俄國人Asian亞洲人musician音樂家politician政治家librarian圖書管理員historian歷史學(xué)家十一常用的否定前綴un。（不，非）＋形容詞unable不能的;不會的unbearable難以忍受的；不能容忍的uncertain不確切的；無把握的uncomfortable不舒服的;不舒適的unfair不公正的；不公平的unusual不同尋常的;獨特的dis。dislike不喜歡disagree不同意disbelief不信;懷疑disorder失調(diào);紊亂disappearance消失disagreement分歧；不一致il。，im。，in.，ir-illegal違法的illiterate不通順的；文盲immoral不道德的impossible不可能的inaccurate不準(zhǔn)確的incorrect不正確的irregular不規(guī)則的irresistible不可抵抗的non.否定前綴non.stop中途不停的；直達的non。violent非暴力的non-smoker不吸煙的人fit非營利的Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．（2020·南昌市重點中學(xué)高三年級段考試題）________(consequent）,powerwalking,inadditiontoahealthydiet，helpsmanageyourweight。答案：Consequently分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處放在句首，修飾整個句子，作狀語，應(yīng)用其副詞形式.2．Speechisthefastestmethodof________(communicate）betweenpeople.答案:communication介詞of之后要用名詞形式communication作賓語。3．(2019·四川省成都外國語學(xué)校學(xué)期初考試）Anewhabitisnotaboutperformance；it'sabout________（consistent)takingaction.答案：consistently修飾后面的動詞短語takingaction，使用副詞作狀語，故填consistently。4．Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby。答案：recently修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)用副詞形式.形容詞recent＋-ly構(gòu)成副詞.5．Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportant________(grow）inautonomy（自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity。答案:growth前面有形容詞important修飾，此處應(yīng)填名詞growth和后面的development構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。6．Shewentthroughaperiodofemotional________(adjust）afterhermarriagebrokeup.答案：adjustment空格前有形容詞emotional修飾，故應(yīng)填名詞。7．Asavolunteerofenvironmentalprotection，Iamwritingtoraiseyour________(aware)ofprotectingtheenvironment。答案：awareness在形容詞性物主代詞your后面，用名詞形式。句意：作為環(huán)保志愿者，我書面倡議大家提高環(huán)保意識。8．（2019·四川省眉山一中辦學(xué)共同體月考)Travelerscanseethese________（amaze）naturalstructuresfromtheairorunderwater.答案:amazing應(yīng)用形容詞修飾后面的naturalstructures,作定語，指令人驚嘆的自然風(fēng)景。amazing“令人驚嘆的”。9．(2019·山東省煙臺一中高三質(zhì)量檢測）It’sachanceforyoutolearnmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture.Iamsureitwill________（broad)yourhorizons。答案：broaden句意：這是一個讓你更多地學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的機會。我確信它會擴大你的視野.根據(jù)空格前面的will可知，后面應(yīng)該使用動詞，而broad是一個形容詞，故填broaden。10．（2019·深圳耀華實驗學(xué)校高三第一次月考)Lifeisjustablankcloth-youcanpaintabeautifulscene,oryoucanpaintblackghosts(鬼)and________（danger）people.答案:dangerous修飾后面的名詞people，使用形容詞作定語，指“危險的人們",故填dangerous。Ⅱ。單句改錯1．Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycooperate.________________________________________________________________答案：cooperate→cooperative此處用形容詞作表語。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v。＋-ive構(gòu)成形容詞.2．Thefruitsaresmallinsize，butjuicyandtaste。________________________________________________________________答案：taste→tasty形容詞small,juicy和句子最后一個詞為并列表語，故句末的詞應(yīng)改為其形容詞形式。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知,v.＋。y構(gòu)成形容詞。3．Let’smakejointeffortstocreateagreenandharmony