2023年考研考博-考博英語-煤炭科學(xué)研究總院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案篇

長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。住在富人區(qū)的她2023年考研考博-考博英語-煤炭科學(xué)研究總院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.翻譯題SpaceXwillsendaspacesuit-cladcrashtestdummytotheInternationalSpaceStationaspartofatrialflightforitsCrewDragonspacecraft.Themissionwilltakeplaceon2MarchandwillalsodeliversuppliestocrewaboardtheISS.Anarrayofsensorsbuiltintothemannequin'ssuitwillhelpprovidekeydataaheadofthefirsthumanpassengersgoingaboardthecapsulelaterthisyear.Mr.MuskrevealedthecostofatickettoMarsonboardaSpaceXflightwouldbelessthan$100,000.Takingquestionsonsocialmedia,hewrote:"I'mconfidentmovingtoMars(returnticketisfree)willonedaycostlessthan$500kormaybeevenbelow$100k.LowenoughthatmostpeopleinadvancedeconomiescouldselltheirhomeonEarthandmovetoMarsiftheywant."SectionATranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.2.單選題PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness問題2選項(xiàng)A.whengivenequalityofopportunityB.throughdoingbusinessC.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomD.bywayofcompetition問題3選項(xiàng)A.HonestbusinessmenB.BothbusinessmenandtheircustomersC.PeoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedomD.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment問題4選項(xiàng)A.itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership問題5選項(xiàng)A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica3.翻譯題國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局（NBS）周五發(fā)布的《2018年全國睡覺時(shí)間使用情況調(diào)查報(bào)告》揭示了中國人平均每天的時(shí)間分配情況。這包括了他們的工作、睡覺、家務(wù)、休閑娛樂等不同活動(dòng)。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，低收入人群平均看電視的時(shí)間為每天1小時(shí)50分鐘。這比中等收入人群多15分鐘，比較高收入組多32分鐘，比高收入人群多46分鐘。國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局高級(jí)統(tǒng)計(jì)員金紅表示，2008年和2018年的時(shí)間使用情況調(diào)查顯示，中國人均生活質(zhì)量有所改善。SectionBTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.4.單選題Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind5.單選題Thediscussionquickly（）intoanangryargument.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined6.單選題Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.問題1選項(xiàng)A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle7.單選題Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose8.單選題Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesytospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.1.Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat（）.2.TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with（）.3.Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）.4.Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?5.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.itmakespeoplemoreconfidentB.itcanpickuppeople'sspiritsC.itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworldD.itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers問題2選項(xiàng)A.factsanddescriptionsB.evidenceandargumentC.examplesandconclusionD.storiesandpersuasion問題3選項(xiàng)A.explainingcarefullyB.speakingloudC.keepingsilentD.laughinghard問題4選項(xiàng)A.Humorcanreducestress.B.Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.C.Humorcandrivesadnessaway.D.Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.問題5選項(xiàng)A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumorB.encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylifeC.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylifeD.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife9.單選題Alltheevidence（）thathestolethemoney.問題1選項(xiàng)A.recommendsB.proposesC.suggestsD.advises10.單選題Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.問題1選項(xiàng)A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】

SpaceX公司將把一個(gè)穿著航天服的撞擊試驗(yàn)人體模型送往國際空間站，這也是其CrewDragon載人宇宙飛船試飛任務(wù)的一部分。這次任務(wù)將于3月2日進(jìn)行，并將向國際空間站的宇航員運(yùn)送物資。該人體模型所穿的太空服上安裝了大量的傳感器。今年晚些時(shí)候，在第一批人類旅客將登上太空艙之前，這些傳感器將有助于提供重要數(shù)據(jù)。馬斯克先生透露，乘坐SpaceX宇宙飛船前往火星的票價(jià)可能會(huì)低于10萬美元。他在社交媒體上接受了人們的提問，并寫道：“我確信，將來有一天搬去火星（返程票是免費(fèi)的）的票價(jià)會(huì)低于50萬美元，甚至可能會(huì)低于10萬美元。這個(gè)票價(jià)足夠低了，發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的多數(shù)人都可以賣掉他們?cè)诘厍蛏系姆孔樱崛セ鹦?，如果他們?cè)敢獾脑?。?.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“句子‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness’可能是什么意思？”。第一段truthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.（真相就是在美國社會(huì)商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他任何類型的組織有更多的威望）說明美國人很關(guān)注商業(yè)。因此ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness表達(dá)的意思是“商業(yè)是美國人第一關(guān)心的”。A選項(xiàng)“美國商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)注的是商業(yè)”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)邏輯沒問題，但是比較片面；B項(xiàng)“商業(yè)問題對(duì)美國政府很重要”和D項(xiàng)“美國是全球商業(yè)的強(qiáng)國”沒提到。故該題選C。2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“美國人相信他們只有怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的個(gè)人價(jià)值？”。第二段最后一句Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不僅本身是良好的，它還是一種保護(hù)手段，其他基本的美國人價(jià)值觀都是受它的保護(hù)，如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)均等和努力工作等），由此可知美國人是可以通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的個(gè)人價(jià)值。B項(xiàng)“通過做生意”沒有提到，A項(xiàng)“給予平等的機(jī)會(huì)”和C項(xiàng)“保護(hù)個(gè)人自由”都是包括在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的保護(hù)機(jī)制里面，最終還是通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的價(jià)值。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)誰有利？”。第三段第三句ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.（如果一個(gè)商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)試圖不公平地利用它的顧客，它就會(huì)輸給那些對(duì)待顧客更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手），由此推斷出競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不僅有利于顧客的利益，也有利于公平對(duì)待客戶的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)。A項(xiàng)“誠實(shí)的商人”不夠全面；C項(xiàng)“擁有平等和自由理想的人們”和D項(xiàng)“商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)“商人和顧客”正確。4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“人們認(rèn)為政府與商業(yè)有顯著的不同，因?yàn)檎奶攸c(diǎn)是什么？”。第四段第一句Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的商業(yè)和政府的壟斷總是經(jīng)常拿來對(duì)比），可以推斷出政府和商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)相比，政府的壟斷是權(quán)利上的操控，B項(xiàng)“保護(hù)個(gè)人自由的功能”這是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)；C項(xiàng)“保護(hù)美國基本價(jià)值觀方面的作用”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的民主方式”，只提到了政府的壟斷，沒有提到民主。因此A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)權(quán)利的絕對(duì)控制”正確。5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章可以推斷出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的成功被美國人視為基于家庭背景而產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)地位的替代），即美國是不依靠家庭背景決定社會(huì)地位，從而推斷出，相反其他國家就要依靠社會(huì)地位。A項(xiàng)“美國人比其他國家的人更具野心”、C項(xiàng)“美國商業(yè)比其他國家更民主”和D項(xiàng)“其他國家的商業(yè)不像美國商業(yè)一樣有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性”沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)“許多國家的成功取決于一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位”正確。3.【答案】

The2018NationalSurveyReportontheUtilizationofBedtime,releasedbytheNationalBureauofStatistics(NBS)onFriday,revealedhowChinesepeopletoallocatetheirdaily'stimeaveragely.Thisincludeswork,sleep,housework,recreationandotherdifferentactivities.Accordingtothesurvey,theaveragetimeoflow-incomegroupwatchingTVis1hourand50minutesaday,whichis15minutesmorethanmedium-incomegroup,32minutesmorethanthehigh-incomegroupand46minutesmorethanthehigh-incomegroup.Jinhong,aseniorstatisticianattheNBS,saidthatthequalityoflifepercapitainChinahadimproved,whichwasshowedbythesurveyonsituationoftimeutilizationin2008and2018.4.【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hide“隱藏”，B項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項(xiàng)形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化”，B項(xiàng)aggravate“加重、激怒”，C項(xiàng)increase“提高”，D項(xiàng)decline“拒絕”；句意：這場(chǎng)討論迅速演變成憤怒的爭(zhēng)吵。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)moderate“有節(jié)制的”，B項(xiàng)minimum“最小的”，C項(xiàng)medium“中間的”，D項(xiàng)middle“中等的”；句意：特別提到的是，在研究最初，認(rèn)知正常，飲酒適度的人表現(xiàn)出對(duì)老年癡呆更好的防御能力。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)impart“傳授”，B項(xiàng)impact“影響”，C項(xiàng)impair“損害、削弱”，D項(xiàng)impose“利用”；句意：酒精也會(huì)影響你的判斷力，讓你在寒冷天氣的緊急情況下無法做出最佳或最明智的決定。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“幽默的有用之處在于（）?”。第一段第一句butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.（擁有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是為了幫助我們度過生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人們的精神；A項(xiàng)“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解壓；C項(xiàng)“幫助人們擺脫殘酷的世界”，這是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用來說明幽默能讓自己在殘酷生活中緩解壓力；D項(xiàng)“幫助人們與人友好相處”，文中只是提到幽默也是一種人與人之間的禮貌，著重點(diǎn)還是在于幽默可以解壓。因此B項(xiàng)“打起/鼓舞人們的精神”正確。2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者第二段回答問題用的是什么?”。第二段的問題是Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjoke…orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，鄰居，親密的朋友，甚至只是一個(gè)和你一起在街角商店排隊(duì)的人開玩笑，你會(huì)有什么感覺?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子來回答這個(gè)問題并且做出了結(jié)論，因此該題C選項(xiàng)“例子和結(jié)論”正確。3.【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段中的短語‘bustingagut’可以用哪個(gè)詞替代?”。根據(jù)第三段第二句Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjoke