怎樣區(qū)別一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

文檔文檔一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題與練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。Wearegoodfriends.（現(xiàn)在的情況）Iknewhimin1997.（過去的動作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet，twice,ever,never,threetime等副詞修飾。如：-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年沒見到她了。提問通常用howlongHowlonghaveyoulivedhere?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：Ilivedhereforaweeklastsummer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。Ihavelivedhereforaweekbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。Iwilllivehereforaweeknextyear.明年我會在這里住一周。現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語(1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。用副詞already和yet。already—般用于肯定句中，yet—般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如sofar,uptonow,inthepastfewyears等。例如：Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewdays.用包括"現(xiàn)在"在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?(2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：lhaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be(在)”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arriveTbeherebegin(start)TbeondieTbedeadcomebackTbebackl1eaveTbeawayfall1ill(sick,asleep)Tbeill(sick,asleep)getupTbeupgooutTbeoutfinishTbeoverputonTwear或beonopenTbeopenjoinTbein或beamemberof…實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案closeTbeclosedgotoschoolTbeastudentcloseTbeclosedborrowTkeepbuyThaveborrowTkeepbuyThavecatch(acold)Thave(acold)gettoknowTknowcatch(acold)Thave(acold)gettoknowTknowbegintostudyTstudycometoworkTworkbegintostudyTstudycometoworkTwork等如：Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們(開始)學(xué)英語已三年了。幾點注意事項（1）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：lhaven'tleftheresinee1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。（2）如單純表示一段時間，雖有sinee—詞，也不必用完成時。女口：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世已有兩年了。havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone（to）表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?常用于第三人稱,前者可與once,never,severaltimes等連用,后者則不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時與—般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而—般過去時表示過去的事實,不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。havejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過文檔實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案文檔文檔去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語?！氵^去時的時間狀語：yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。舉例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Isawthisfilmyesterday.強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。Ihaveseenthisfilm.強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。（在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.（HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.（三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。）Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?

---He'salreadybeensentfor.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。(錯)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(對)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.三、練習(xí)題1.A.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures?No,theyhaven't2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions3)Hesaidhehadn'tvisitedtheexhibitionB.用sineefor1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons_thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospitallastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt'stwoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?Theytotheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,he2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions3)Hesaidhehadn'tvisitedtheexhibitionB.用sineefor1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons_thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospitallastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt'stwoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?Theytotheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,hetoShenzhen.heevertherebefore?Yes,hethereseveraltimes3)HeaskedmeifItoHangzhoubefore.3)HeaskedmeifItoHangzhoubefore.ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasnevertoItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasnevertothatcitybefore.2.選擇填空1.Mothermeanewcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade…h(huán)avetriedB.made…h(huán)avetriedC.hasmade…triedD.made…tried2“Hetodrawhorsesalready”."Whenhe?”“Lastyear“A.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.haslearned…h(huán)asD.haslearned…did3.Tomupintothetree.Look,hehighupthere!A.hasgot…isB.hasclimbed…wasC.got???wasD.climbed…is4.youthetextyet?Yes,weittwohoursago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did■…copy…h(huán)ad5.Whysheangry?”“Becauseheatherjustnow.”A.did???get…shoutedB.has■…got■…shoutedC.did…get…h(huán)asshoutedD.has…got…h(huán)asshouted6.youthefilmbefore?Whereyouit?A.Have'"seen…did…seeB.Did■…see…did…watchC.Have"seen"have"seenD.Did"see"have"seen7.Youmewaitingfortwohours.foryousincefive.A.kept…waitedB.havekept…waitedC.kept…h(huán)avewaitedD.havekept'"havewaited8.WhereJohn?Tothelibrary.Hethereforanhour.A.has…been…h(huán)asgoneB.has…gone…h(huán)asbeenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went9.thebabystill?No,itcrying.A.Has…cried…h(huán)asstoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did???cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…h(huán)asstopped10.theway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…h(huán)avelivedB.knew…liveC.know…h(huán)avelivedD.know…live11.youeverAmerica?Yes,Ihave.A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have???beeninMybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenatHetheArmybytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joined…isB.hasjoined…h(huán)asbeenC.hadjoined…isD.hadjoined…?hasbeenBythetimeIbacktheyuptensatellites.A.came…h(huán)avesentB.came…h(huán)adsentC.come…h(huán)avesentD.hadcome■…sentJackoverfivelessonsbyseveno'clock.Thenhearest.A.went…tookB.went…h(huán)adtakenC.hadgone…tookD.hadgone…h(huán)adtakenWeoutbythattimethatheaspyforalongtime.A.hadfound…h(huán)adbeenB.hadfound…wasC.found…h(huán)adbeenD.found■…wasBeforethenewshim,hetoknowaboutit.A.reaches…h(huán)asgotB.reached…h(huán)adgotC.reached…gotD.hadreached…gotIhimasecondletterbeforeIfromhim.A.wrote…h(huán)eardB.wrote…h(huán)adheardC.hadwritten…h(huán)eardD.havewritten…h(huán)earPeoplethatthesoldiersfighting.A.say…h(huán)adstoppedB.said…h(huán)asstoppedC.say…stoppedD.said■…h(huán)adstoppedWeinagoodharvestbecauseweenoughrain.A.didn'tget…h(huán)adhadB.got…h(huán)a