2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Tobeginsomeactivityisto（）doingit.問題1選項A.setdownB.setupC.setaboutD.setoff2.單選題AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?問題1選項A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflaborB.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor問題2選項A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaplyB.increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced問題3選項A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborB.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystemC.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwasD.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction問題4選項A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods問題5選項A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomistB.TheTheoryofDivisionofLaborC.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWorkD.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor3.翻譯題TheopeningofDisneylandwillbringmanyassociatedinvestmentopportunities.Atleastfoureconomicsectorswillbenefitdirectly.First,propertymarkets.HousingandcommercialrealestatepricesaroundtheDisneylandareaarealreadyrising.Second,thetourismsector.Aftertheopening,analystsexpect3to5millionmoretouristswillvisitShanghaieveryyear,bringmorebusinesstohotels,travelagenciesandretails.Third,brandmarketingwillgiveaboosttotoymanufactures,publishersandthegamingindustry.Fourth,constructioncompaniesandmaterialsupplierswillenjoyahugeincrease,comparabletothe2010ShanghaiworldExpo.Disneyland’sfirstphaseofconstructionisexpectedtocost24billionyuan.4.單選題Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.問題1選項A.spawnedB.injectedC.modeledD.moved5.單選題Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.問題1選項A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze6.單選題Remembertoaskfora（）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.問題1選項A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt7.單選題Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（

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patriotism.問題1選項A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable8.單選題TheirsigningofthetreatywasregardedasaconspiracyagainsttheBritishCrown.問題1選項A.secretplanB.boldattackC.cleverdesignD.jointeffort9.單選題Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（）whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.問題1選項A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped10.單選題Thelittlegirlisignorant（）thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.問題1選項A.forB.ofC.withD.against第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】動詞詞組辨析。setdown放下，記下；setup建立，裝配；setabout著手，開始做......；setoff出發(fā)，引起。句意：開始某項活動就要立馬著手去做。選項C符合句意。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個認識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項B正確。3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當(dāng)于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。4.細節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認為，勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展負責(zé)。選項C符合原文。5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動分工，重點不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項C最能概括全文。3.【答案】迪士尼在上海開園會帶來許多相關(guān)的投資機會。至少有四個經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域?qū)⒅苯邮芤妗Ｊ紫仁欠康禺a(chǎn)市場。迪士尼樂園周圍的地產(chǎn)商業(yè)價格已經(jīng)上漲。其次是旅游業(yè)。開園后，分析師預(yù)測每年有300萬到500萬甚至更多的游客將訪問上海，這給酒店、旅行社和零售商帶來更多的生意。再次，品牌營銷將促進玩具制造業(yè)、出版業(yè)和游戲行業(yè)的發(fā)展。不