廣東某煉油項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度檢測和控制EC項(xiàng)目中英文2

EvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.Docfor.NET.1.0PURPOSEANDSCOPE目的和范圍ThisprocedureestablishestheprogressmeasurementandcontrolguidelinestobeusedbytheCNOOCHuizhouRefineryIntegratedProjectManagementTeam(IPMT)(Owner)andContractorsforassessingengineering,procurementandconstructionprogress.本程序確定了控制和檢測進(jìn)度的準(zhǔn)則，該準(zhǔn)則將被中國海洋石油****公司惠州****煉油聯(lián)合項(xiàng)目管理組（IPMT）(業(yè)主)和承包商使用，用以評估設(shè)計(jì)、采購和施工的進(jìn)度。2.0 RESPONSIBILITIES責(zé)任TheOwner’sProjectControlsDirectorisresponsibleforthisprocedure.TheOwner’sManagerofPlanningandSchedulingwillimplementandadministertherequirementsofthisprocedure.業(yè)主的項(xiàng)目控制部主任對此程序負(fù)責(zé)。業(yè)主的進(jìn)度經(jīng)理將貫徹執(zhí)行本程序的要求。TheContractorshallestablishtheirprogressmeasurementprocedures,withintheframeworkofthisprocedureandsubmititforOwner’sapproval.Contractorshalladapttheirexistingproceduresandsystemstocomplywiththerequirementsofthisprocedure.Onceapproved,theContractorwillutilizethemforprogressassessmentthroughoutthelifeoftheircontractandwillnotsignificantlymodifythedocumentwithoutOwner’sapproval.承包商將依據(jù)本程序的構(gòu)架建立他們的進(jìn)度檢測程序，并提交業(yè)主審批。承包商應(yīng)將他們現(xiàn)有的程序和系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行修改以滿足本程序的要求。承包商的程序一旦被批準(zhǔn)，在整個合同執(zhí)行期間，他們將用此程序?qū)M(jìn)度進(jìn)行評估；沒有業(yè)主的批準(zhǔn)，不能對該文件進(jìn)行重大改變。TheContractor’sengineering,procurementandconstructionrepresentativeswillensuretheaccuracyoftheirsubmittals.TheOwnerwillperformperiodicprogressauditstoverifyaccuracyofContractorsubmittals.承包商的設(shè)計(jì)、采購和施工代表要確保他們提交的文件的準(zhǔn)確性。業(yè)主會對進(jìn)度進(jìn)行定期審查來核實(shí)承包商提交的文件的準(zhǔn)確性。3.0INSTRUCTIONS說明Contractorwilldevelopandsubmitaphysicalprogressmonitoringandcontrolsystem.Thesystemwillconsistof(1)aProgressAppraisalGuideand(2)asystemforreportingprogresswithinestablishedTargetschedules.談承包商將編制壇并提交一份綁進(jìn)度食檢測奉控制系統(tǒng)。該乘系統(tǒng)將包括寺（受1駐）一個淹進(jìn)度款檢測癥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)坡和千（刊2駱）一個按照遵已串確定目標(biāo)進(jìn)度拴計(jì)劃臨的遙進(jìn)度或報告驢系統(tǒng)。義Progre令ssApp芬raisal鐘Guide說風(fēng)進(jìn)度攔檢測梳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者TheCo辮ntract熊orwil薄ldeve測lopa艱Progre扛ssApp義raisal執(zhí)Guide升aspa辱rtof爸thede騙livera癢blest令obes著ubmitt俯edto沙theOw趨nerfo告rrevi棍ewand兆appro砍valwi嗓thin3拼0-days睛after佩幕Notice能toPr當(dāng)oceed切(NTP)顯.良Thisg飽uidec選ontain遮sthe歇Rules監(jiān)ofCre菜dituse屆dtoo胖bjecti墓velya棍ssess針the餓physic攀alpro慰gress林of品indivi虛duald變eliver光ables尋andta懇sks.市筑S需eparat牌eGuid栽essha塊llbe填establ脂ished愚forth嫁eengi窮neerin護(hù)g,pro依cureme奧ntand扒const哲ructio垮nphas亡esof參thewo稼rk.穩(wěn)Requir簡ements澡asfo乳llows:夢述在撐業(yè)主批準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目著啟動賓后王的攀30愁天內(nèi)，承包商誓將客編制一個進(jìn)度婚檢測愧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匠作為交付文件雕的一部分交給法業(yè)主漲審批。該釘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滅包括贏得值準(zhǔn)笑則用以客觀評暫估單個交付文謎件和工作的誦實(shí)體處進(jìn)度。須為工靠程的設(shè)計(jì)、采健購和施工階段支分別編制吩進(jìn)度尼檢測偏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)迫，其要求如下唱：幸These樸rules咱consis壇tofa危pre-e愚stabli得sheds急etof漁weight氏edste占ps(or賞miles藏tones)販which屆area鉆ssigne蘇dtoa犧parti的cular三delive提rable玩orgro街upof右delive續(xù)rables亡(draw矮ings,圖specif嚴(yán)icatio矛ns)or慌const殘ructio后ntask統(tǒng)s(fou歲ndatio銳ns,pi攀peins亞tallat握ionet碰c.)T寨hewei胞ght聽ingof渡灣step慣is揉develo顯pedba銀sedon委爭manhou今rs蜂requi平redfo嫂rachi胃eving熄eachs昨tep.貧這些準(zhǔn)則包括脹預(yù)煌定的已設(shè)定權(quán)偽重比例的看工作慢步驟（或里程斷碑），它們將熄被分配到一個已特定的交付文維件或一組交付鞭文件（圖紙、騎規(guī)范）或施工夏任務(wù)（基礎(chǔ)、頃管道安裝等）貞中。丑每一個工作步違驟的權(quán)重以人澤工時為基礎(chǔ)來璃確定灶。獲Tasks晨associ孤atedw控ithma錄nageme無ntact洋ivitie晚scan宣bepro混gresse用dwith玩thep川assage受ofti椅me;ho擱wever,毯their瓦perce現(xiàn)ntcom幅plete塊inany斯given東perio殘dwill雜note鬧xceed熟theov白erall咳percen辮tcomp蘿leteo破fthe屋discip窗l(fā)ineo久r閱trade第where例thea雁ctivit脅yisb偵eingt恭racked惑.石與管理工作有埋關(guān)的任務(wù)果可以按照時間夕的推移來紗檢測嗽進(jìn)度。但是，領(lǐng)他們在任何琴指定叛階段中的完成登百分比不會超兵過鞋其對應(yīng)拌專業(yè)或工種的傘總體完成赴百分比弊。褲There嘩should執(zhí)bea祥reason橫abler艘elatio虎nship炸betwee春nthe各delive栗rable呀ortas藍(lán)kand精theru彎leofc獻(xiàn)redit躍assign嚇ed.F鳴orexa阻mplet尋hesam例erule什ofcr貼editw辯ouldn翠otbe盈assign葛edto揮thein播stalla貸tiono豆fafo渣undati頌onand楚insta撕llatio耗nofp逮ipe.熔每一項(xiàng)鑼交付資料或工連作棚都有對應(yīng)的桐贏得值準(zhǔn)牢則。例如，罵基礎(chǔ)安裝與管皇道安裝不會用彼同一娛個馳贏得值準(zhǔn)生則霉。赤EachR旱uleof洪Credi結(jié)t幟isas紐signed鐮auni逐queid孤entifi磁ercon獄sisten擁twith烘itsd索iscipl插ine僚and艱groupe匙dacco公rding膜totha壞tdisc風(fēng)ipline儲.迎每個贏得值準(zhǔn)畜則都有一個唯少一的識別符，呼與其專業(yè)相擇一致并根據(jù)該是專業(yè)進(jìn)行分組竹。霧Sample些Rules綁ofCr泉editf羊or榴procu鳳rement該and俱engine開ering寄aref改oundi崇nAtta儉chemen良tsAa輪ndB歪.壺采辦與設(shè)計(jì)的泄贏得值準(zhǔn)則樣頂本，請參閱附遣件盼A破與附襲件訂B桂。平Twota磁bles尺arei痛nclude夸dinA稅ttachm枕entC:房珠Attach作ment松C.1c咸ontain幼ssamp疫leweig輩htedp筋ercent竭agesb葡yorga倍nizati幕on膏/側(cè)discip攤line;拆Attach伸mentC依.2con基tains皺sample燙rules業(yè)ofcr濫editf珠orCon檢struct戰(zhàn)ion.存After乎appro融val,A盼ttache臂mentC授.撒1辨w葡illbe樹consi扛dered桌a符baseli引nedoc筍ument.膽騾During夢execu薪tiono窩fthe圾contra進(jìn)ct,丸Credit友即%揚(yáng)’竿s間weight廟ings礦willn售otbe相change心d渴.層在附漫件近C終中有兩個表，堅(jiān)附蛾件證C.連1怨是按組織機(jī)效構(gòu)芳/求專業(yè)劃分的贏叔得值權(quán)重樣本透；附陸件休C.恢2擾是施工贏得值刊準(zhǔn)則樣本。另經(jīng)業(yè)主乏批爐準(zhǔn)唉后，附跑件槍C.或1和作為一個基準(zhǔn)戴文件，肆在合同執(zhí)行過碑程中，噴不得改變贏得泄值權(quán)重蟲百分比浸。艘3.2Pro扔cureme戴ntPro走gress梨系采購進(jìn)度慶Procur截ement妖progre要sssha筍llinc溪ludea懷llequ鍬ipment情andd帳irect和major任mate燙rials恰tobe圾procur敬edfor歲thew銳ork.群采購進(jìn)度須包冬括要采購用于香該工程的所有黃設(shè)備和直接敵主賢材喬。捎TheCo喘ntract徹orsha奇lllis兆teach繩requi森sition幟s/pur煩chase剪order干forese旨enin鑰their蜓Procur廊ement耀Progre扛ssApp晚raisal懲guide檢.The濾Contr錯actor曬shall戶assign驟each與requis均ition/捧POan悄estima絲tedma腎n-hour笛sweig闊ht.午Thisw帽eight薯shall富bebas頂edon販acomb光inatio攏noft權(quán)hemon仆etary鑒value虜ofthe繳mater萌ialsc民overed捉byth面erequ便isitio尋n/POa豎ndthe嚴(yán)compl編exity版ofadm援iniste漢ringt被heord活er.補(bǔ)承包商須在他省們的采購進(jìn)度租評估指南移中列出所預(yù)見潤到的每個申購屋單工/醫(yī)采購單。承包謠商須給每個申羽購害單抱/躬采購單蘇分份配狂估算的工時權(quán)社重。該權(quán)重須鐮綜合掏申購解單痰/銹采購單欣的裕費(fèi)用以及管理謎的復(fù)雜性來鄭確等定。啦Sample決rules賠ofcr靜editf窗orpro宅cureme添ntact感ivitie末sare啟found四in納Attach踐ment悲益“慌A柳”滿.隸在附塵件獅“毒A延”在中有關(guān)于采購鈔工作的贏得值臨準(zhǔn)則樣例。渡Progre席ssdat專ashal誦lbea猴ggrega斷tedto極produ稈cethe律overa招l(wèi)lpla王nneda率ndact華ualpr鞠ogress劣figur乞esfor映procu婆rement令.The府progr浴essme要asurem最entsy作stems抬halla光llowf塌orthe星repor須tingo壟fsepa緞ratep經(jīng)lanned爆anda貿(mào)ctual纏values勞perm片ateria深ltype住sched捕uled.泰堤將進(jìn)度數(shù)據(jù)綜堆合起來第形成總莊體的計(jì)劃和實(shí)焰際的采燥購進(jìn)度數(shù)值。槳進(jìn)度蹲檢測她系統(tǒng)將按照計(jì)渡劃的材料類型影來分別報告計(jì)冒劃疏和實(shí)際的數(shù)值驗(yàn)。叨3.3互猶TaskS哀chedul冒es合工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃系The紗comput余erized未暈TaskS釋chedul乘e(Lev屬el4s疊chedul旬e)肯which嗎willb短e唐theb輝asiso倍fthe陡Contra邀cto航r優(yōu)’兩sp棒rogres坦s奶apprai盯salan奪drepo裙rting施.性Requir兵ements非asfo鍬llows:未用計(jì)算機(jī)編制鐮的駝四級進(jìn)度計(jì)劃予是逗承包商的進(jìn)度擇評估和報告截的既依據(jù)，其要求覆如下：漫Tasks把chedul留econt欲ainsa擺ll倒progre敞ss-abl心e怠delive譜rable風(fēng)s展andt施ask密s濟(jì)工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃王涵蓋所有誓可以載統(tǒng)計(jì)齒進(jìn)度的交付冰文件損和工作。錄E討achde弄livera紋bleor裙task年isass御igned扯an桑estima憤tedma扒n-hour領(lǐng)sbudg順etrep的resent魔ative蝦ofthe想physi限calqu終antiti猛esto脖beins私talled藍(lán)(man-被hours重percu娘bic漁meters宮ofco嘩ncrete霜;man-制hours評perli浸nearf當(dāng)ootof礦pipe增instal桶l(fā)ed祖,etc)宵orqu預(yù)antity恐ofan爛item顛tobe聞produc秒ed(ma辰n-hour剛sper杰drawin租g;man趨-hours畜perr桃equisi性tion,挖etc).毯Usual款ly,th方eman-譽(yù)hours蒜budget追普isdev府eloped渠from烘the典Contra繞cto躺r煩’移sesti犧matep曠repare敘dduri久ngthe疏bidp冰hase.谷每紗項(xiàng)剃交付芹文件饅或工作烤的人工時是依毅據(jù)橫工程孝量掀(楊如每澆筑一立里方米混凝土，隙每安裝一米管賠道，每出一張籠圖或每一份申讀請單蠻等淹)貴殊來確定的本。汪通常，人工時悅預(yù)算扮來自式承包商紫的報價工時扇。買Assign戒a環(huán)Rule漏ofCre雙dit游identi寄fiert欄oeach問deliv渣erable套o(hù)rta銜sk篇每雜項(xiàng)盯交付避文件鄉(xiāng)或工作賦予一棍個贏得值貌準(zhǔn)則農(nóng)識別符。狐Relate猶each夸delive僵rable因andta檔skto糖anact擊ivity談onthe電Detai但ledEP跨Csche錄dule依toal森lowa蓮各“塌roll-u親p屆”業(yè)ofpr爪ogress所andm頓an-hou嘗rsbud姻getsf聲romth推eTas慚ksche勤dulet轟othe典Detail蹈edsch聰edule;愛most闖開common支ly,th咽isis五activi疑ty靜ID獸inthe錯Detai摔ledEP知CSche給dule.羞The虧total輪ofal飛ltask叔budge職tswil觸lequa楚lthe女Level標(biāo)3deta乒iledE糟PCsch脂edule鉛activi墻tybud嘴get沸.晨四級進(jìn)度計(jì)劃授中的忙交付文件和工徹作與冬三級出進(jìn)度計(jì)劃中的迷作業(yè)吧相對應(yīng)，以便鄭能夠?qū)⑦M(jìn)度和挺人工時預(yù)算從搏四級進(jìn)度頌計(jì)劃敘歸總膽到焰三級副進(jìn)度計(jì)劃。俘一般情況下，揀其對應(yīng)關(guān)系煎是小通過三級詳進(jìn)度計(jì)劃中的坦作業(yè)代碼晃。價四級進(jìn)度計(jì)劃才中總工時預(yù)算苦與三級進(jìn)度計(jì)辟劃中的一致蔽。永Inord音erto業(yè)mainta哄inac求onsist融entme桂asurem嫩ent辯target宗,the踩man-ho砌ursas辯signed廣atth緣issta軍geare度froze偽n,unl涂essmo訓(xùn)dified樹bya勉change河order競.蹄為了保持一致率的杠檢測最目標(biāo)，在此階股段分配的人工邁時是固定不變睬的，除非因變菠更單而改動。蝕Tasks兩chedul超essha育llbe毀mainta珠ined桿andu薦pdated貢byth掀eCont乓ractor厭andw民illbe初avail漫ablef砌oraud富itby葡theOw武ne翼r課’爪sIPMT飾inor墓derto腫confi晌rmpro敬gress筍report歌ed.史工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃殊要由承包商箏維護(hù)慶和更新登，并可以讓業(yè)幻主的長聯(lián)合項(xiàng)目管理遼組黎來審查以便確斜認(rèn)所報告的進(jìn)葬度是否屬實(shí)。肚P渠ROGRES綠SMEAS咬UREMEN匪T膜進(jìn)度的安檢測治Progre癥ssmea校sureme豎nt絕atthe露deliv鞏erable燃andt象askle屢vel羨willb省eobje業(yè)ctivet泡othe貢maximu桑mexte廢ntpos少sible.翻All錢progre包ssrep膝orting厚will致beper冶formed認(rèn)byre鼠sponsi允ble/俘knowl諒edgeab忌leCon恢tracto權(quán)rpers塵onnel幅,who惜willo鋸bjecti溝velye秋valuat龍ethe恨tasks識perfor母medan仗ddeli鄭verabl喝espro被duced.果希P騰rogres洪swill偉beea儀rnedb穗yappl籠yingt扯heRul膚esof鴉Credit隆.憶Common布method宰sfor凍determ強(qiáng)ining端progre蘆ss:擊在最大程度上變客觀地洞檢測馳交付文件和工腹作的進(jìn)度。所欄有進(jìn)度報告須叮由承包商有瘦責(zé)任感的異專業(yè)朱人員來編制，愛他應(yīng)銷客觀地評估所庭進(jìn)行的工作和特所生成的交付點(diǎn)文件巡，狐依據(jù)贏得值準(zhǔn)想則擺評估娃進(jìn)度。確定進(jìn)鵲度的常用方法捐是：凡4.1等竿Earned催滴Value疤Metho嫩d柏贏得患值害方法分TheEa槳rned煙Value扔Metho目duses仰budge冒tand盤earned稱man-h親oursa灰sthe姥fundam喬ental伍denomi秒nators嘉toca素lculat桂eand樹summar卻izepr魯ogress系value小s.對Budget嘴man-h房oursd蘆etermi足nethe尚relat典ivewe清ighto寶fthe笑delive棉r(nóng)able斃ortas費(fèi)k.Ma馬n-hour活sare得earned逢asth村ework飾isac額compli情shedb鹿yappl垂icatio步noft接heRul距esof監(jiān)Credit榮.Sin閥ceman弊-hours具area療commo部ndeno關(guān)minato諒rfor蚊allac喘tiviti量es,bu晚dgeted發(fā)ande框arned妥man-ho睡ursca顆nbes府ummari屬zedve防rtical勝lyfro習(xí)mthe漢Tasks彼chedul荷ethro蘭ughhi酸gherl安evels棕ofthe哲WBS.扮元TheEa震rned背Value察Metho勺disp沙referr洲edfor衣deter垮mining慚逆EPCpr險ogress蠻.犧贏得換值方法是舉用預(yù)算和贏得務(wù)的人工時作為蜜基礎(chǔ)來計(jì)算和驟綜合各項(xiàng)鴉進(jìn)先度值顆的落。亮預(yù)算人工時決伐定相關(guān)的交付范文件堂或工作的權(quán)重比比例被。削當(dāng)喉完成瞎了某項(xiàng)鈔工作抬時嚴(yán)，例就鴉贏得殿了槍相應(yīng)的正人工時。摟因?yàn)槔侨斯ぬ詴r坑是庫檢測雙工作的基礎(chǔ)，脆所以型預(yù)算和贏得的丑人工時就可以記從懂四級邪進(jìn)度計(jì)劃危歸總口到振WB菠S清的倡更享高魯級棟別要。贏得呆值甩方法適用于確棋定敘EP粘C竿進(jìn)度。拜4.2鈔魚Level掘of秩Effort叔驕Method芽管理性工作的驗(yàn)檢測碌方法教Level代ofEff環(huán)ortac斧tiviti夸esare類close絲lyrel耍atedt欺otime捎/durat照ion,w既herei句tisd哭ifficu恩ltto攪measur撞epred聚etermi棟nedqu泥antiti販esor剝endpr隔oducts紡.奇Inthi方scase寺,the盯activi猜tyis鵝progre研ssedo俱verti景me.魄Contra鎖ctorw劑illsu卡bmitt妨heirp虹ropose猴dmeth趙odolog維yfor慎progre識ssing盜level廳ofeff拴ortac保tiviti杰esto扮Owner親forre堅(jiān)viewa面ndapp稈roval網(wǎng).吵管理性焰工作買與時最間陸/咐工珠期緊密相關(guān)，物在這里很難比檢測劑預(yù)定的數(shù)量或杏最后結(jié)果。巷在這種情況下屈，工作進(jìn)度堆按照時間魚的推移質(zhì)檢測匆。拜承包商將遞交圈他們對此類工蔥作粥檢測捆進(jìn)度的方法供報業(yè)主審批。躺4.酸3頓鞏Standa身rdRul少e騰s漁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)則啄Thef報ollowi逃ngear悶nedva束lueru頁lessh秤allbe愧obser邁ved:瞧須遵守屠以下贏得值準(zhǔn)籍則嘩Percen識tcomp及l(fā)etei天sderi捎vedfr休omphy叨sical扔progre突ss(wo扣rkacc繭omplis碰hed).蹄完工百分比劫來自繡實(shí)體微進(jìn)度主（垃完成的京工作）磨Curren沒t叉Budget擴(kuò)man-h線ours=隨那Origin每alBud郵get夢man-h陜ours+停appro盼vedch椒anges導(dǎo)當(dāng)前秒預(yù)算的人工時插＝良原始預(yù)算斧的人工時＋批地準(zhǔn)的變更噸Earned獨(dú)man-h饒ours=深physi須calpe要rcent穗comple察texb頃udget毒man-ho見urs姑贏得的人工木時團(tuán)=求實(shí)體擋的完工百分洞比引×壘預(yù)算的人工時銳Total凳percen鄰tcomp盾lete=千Total蹦earne源dman-至hours券/Tota解lbudg稅etman初-hours辜總的完工百分掃比＝總的贏得壟的人工漂時車/州總的預(yù)算人工式時妥Progre豆ssmea腹sureme洲ntis敢notaf篇fected頑byex關(guān)pendit噸ures,捷foreca狡stsor淋produ楊ctivit項(xiàng)y化進(jìn)度弄檢測貝不受支出、預(yù)吐測貧值或生產(chǎn)陣效率賣的影響句Progre致ssis太notaf例fected芝by晨manhou捎r界over-r虧unsor茫under瓣-runs訪進(jìn)度不受根人工時制超支或節(jié)余永的影響潛5.0帳車DETAI范LEDSC蹤HEDULE遷UPDAT壇E尾三級院進(jìn)度計(jì)劃更新些Thesc偽hedule賴shall處befo日rmally婦updat熟edat患pre-de吹termin錫edint端ervals央perth羞efoll嶼owing掉proced督ure棒:(Thi垮srequ件iremen旗tisa尋lsofo認(rèn)undin竊Proce司dure少CHRP-P剪C-PP-0植002拾,Plann著ingan釀dSche縱duling敞Requi料rement糟s惹forC恨ontrac距tors)爬:斥該進(jìn)度計(jì)劃須印按以下程序軌定期溪更新：（在積CHRP-P饑C-PP-0余002等對承包商的澤計(jì)尖劃翁與農(nóng)進(jìn)度逼要求黑程序中，也可命找到此要求。貪）思Update尤Detai誰lSche練dulea墓ctivit駱yperc奇entsc愛omplet鵲efrom愧Task黨Schedu總les.稍三級野進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的工爬作完成百分比足按照四級進(jìn)度熄計(jì)劃的百分比啄來更新框。長Supply悉a忍ctual廳start信/finis食h讓dates輸foral捎lwork肯activ谷ities渴starte儲d渣orcom望pleted恨呈during配ther浴eporti暢ngper娃iod尊在報告期間對諸已開始或完成眠的所有作業(yè)，姜應(yīng)提供實(shí)際開國始趣/循結(jié)束日期。糖Supply鋼forec臉ast纏(跳expect旅ed)末start/譯finish潑dates痕fora搜llwor激kacti厲vities投春which婦weres星chedul特edbut柳didn攏otsta仰rtor扎comple渠tedur怨ingth腰e揀report致ingpe個riod照.Rem竟aining竊durat抬ionma迅ybeu李sedto攜setf蘋inishe穴s.裳對所有在報告北期間按原計(jì)劃首應(yīng)開始或完成游但實(shí)際沒有開糟始或完