英語復(fù)習大綱

MissGuo:UnderstandingCulture

omnipresent

teacher'sexplanation:all;everywhere;//無處不在的；presentinallplacesatalltimes;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)無所不在的，同時遍在的

原文：ThisomniDresentqualityofcultureleadsHalltoconcludethat“thereisnotone

aspectofhumanlifethatisnottouchedandalteredbyculture."

geisha

Dictionaryexplanation:aJapanesewomantrainedtoentertainmenwithconversation

andsinginganddancing；(n.)藝伎

原文：AJapanesegeishaandaNewEnglandlibrariansendandreceivedifferent

messagesondifferentchannelsandindifferentnetworks.

condition

teacher為explanation:shape(v);determineeffect使(我們)有影響〃haveanimportant

effectonsomething;determining〃影響,決定；

Dictionaryexplanation^)情況;環(huán)境;狀態(tài);形勢(v.)以…為條件，支配,決定

原文：Becausecultureconditionsustowardoneparticularmodeofcommunicationover

another,itisimperativethatweunderstandhowcultureoperatesasafirststeptoward

improvinginterculturalcommunication.

layingout

teacher'sexplanation:arranging;//arrangesomethinginaplannedway;〃安排，設(shè)計；

Dictionaryexplanation:layingout[nj敷設(shè)線路/layout設(shè)計,安排，陳列，花費，擬定

原文：Itisbelievedthatcultureevolvedforthesamereasons:itservesthebasicneedof

layingoutapredictableworldinwhicheachofusisfirmlygroundedandthusenablesus

tomakesenseofoursurroundings.

relegatedto

teacher火explanation:降低〃降級，(常用于被動);dismisssthorsbtoalowerpositionor

alowerrank;

Dictionaryexplanation:relegate(v.)Ji!2iW；把...歸類；放逐；移交

原文：Thus,theinfluenceofculturebecomeshabitualandsubconsciousandmakeslife

easier,justasbreathing,walkingandotherfunctionsofthebodyarerelegatedto

subconsciouscontrols,freeingtheconsciouspartsofthebrainofthisburdenand

releasingitforotheractivities.

garners

teacher為explanation:獲得〃努力獲得(可帶雙賓語：gamerthemrewards);collectand

store/acquirebyefforts;

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)谷倉，積蓄(v.)儲存，貯藏

原文：Culture,usingthefamilyasitsfirstofmanyconduits,teachesthechildhowto

behaveinamannerthatisacceptabletoadultsandthatgamersthemrewards.

blueprint

teacher為explanation:詳細規(guī)劃;detailedplan;

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)藍圖，模板，原型;somethingintendedasaguideformaking

somethingelse

原文：Hence,cultureshieldspeoplefromtheunknownbyofferingthemablueprintfor

alloflife'sactivities.

gosofarasto

teacher為explanation:extremely;甚至于(后面跟最極端的話)〃說或做到強烈程度;

竟然到了...的地步;extremelimitsbewillingtodosth;

Dictionaryexplanation:gosofarasto說或做至lj...強烈程度;至于；甚至...

原文：WemightevengosofarastoagreewithHarristhat"ourprimarymodeof

biologicaladaptationisculture,notanatomy.^^

perplexing

teacher'sexplanation:復(fù)雜的complicated;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)復(fù)雜的，令人費解的;令人困惑的；causingconfusionor

perplexity

原文：Inadditiontomakingtheworldalessperplexingplace,clutureshavenowevolved

tothepoint-

ubiquitous

teacher為explanation:無所不在的〃普遍存在;omnipresent;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)至lj處存在的；普遍存在的

原文：Aswehaveseen,cultureisubiquitous,multidimensional,complex,and

all-pervasive.

all-pervasive

teacher'sexplanation:persent/Zspreadeverywhere〃遍及各方面的;all-pervading;

Dictionaryexplanation:pervasive[adj.]#i^^;滲透的；彌漫的

原文：Aswehaveseen,cultureisubiquitous,multidimensional,complex,and

all-pervasive.

all-encompassingones

Dictionaryexplanation:encompass[v.]圍繞；包含；包圍；完成//包含所有的;include

everything;

原文：Definitionsofculturerangefromall-encompassingones("itiseverything")to

narrowerones("itisopera,art,andballet").

recur

teacher'sexplanation:occuragain;重現(xiàn)；

Dictionaryexplanation:recur[v.]再發(fā)生，復(fù)發(fā)；被重新提出，重提；再現(xiàn)，重新憶起;

循環(huán)，遞歸

原文：Forourpurposes,weareconcernedwiththosedefinitionsthatcontainthe

recurringthemeofhowcultureandcommunicationarelinedtogether.

advance

teacher'sexplanation:make/present;提出；

Dictionaryexplanation:advance[n/v.]amovementforward;developfurther;payin

advance前進,發(fā)展；提出；預(yù)付

原文：Usingtheirdescriptionasastartingpoint,weadvanceadefinitionofourownthat

ismoresuitedtothegoalsofthisbook.

thelike

teacher'sexplanation:andsoon;andsofar;〃其他類似的人或物;personorthing

whichislikeanother;

Dictionaryexplanation:thelike[n]類似物

原文：Yourviewsonwork,immigrations,freedom,age,...bodilyadornment,andthelike

arepartofyourculturalmembership.

taken-for-granted

teacher5sexplanation:assumesomethingtobetrue;想當然;〃理所當然的;besofamiliar

withsththatyounotappreciateinfullvalues;

Dictionaryexplanation:take...forgranted:acceptwithoutverificationorproof;認為是理

所當然的

原文：Remember,mostofcultureisinthetaken?for?grantedrealmandbelowthe

consciouslevel.

pep-talk

teacher9sexplanation:pepper;鼓舞人心的話;〃激勵性的談話;atalkentertainto

improvedesp.encouragingthelistenersworkharder;

Dictionaryexplanation:pep-talk;鼓勵檄勵;給...打氣;用激勵的話去影響

原文：Shapiroofferedmuchthesamepep-talkwhenhewrote:"Thediscoveryofculture,

theawarenessthatitshapesandmoldsourbehavior,ourvaluesandevenourideas,the

recognitionthatitcontainssomeelementofthearbitrary,canbeastartlingoran

illuminatingexperience.^^

arbitrary

teacher'sexplanation:baseonpersonalopinion;notonreason;〃主觀的;basedonyour

personalopinion;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)專制的，任意的，恣意的

illuminating

teacher'sexplanation:revealingandhelpful;啟發(fā)性的;//啟蒙的;lightening;revealing;

helpful;

Dictionai'yexplanation:(adj.)照亮的；照明的；啟蒙的

designate

teacher'sexplanation:指定的;特指的；

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)指明；任命；指出;giveanassignmentto(aperson)toa

post,orassignataskto(aperson);〃(adj.)指定的，選定的;appointedbutnotyetinstalled

inoffice

原文：Althoughmanydiscussionsofcultureusethetermsumbrellaculture,mainstream

culture,andEuropeanAmericans,wepreferthedesignatedominant,whichclearly

indicatesthattheculturewearetalkingaboutistheoneinpower.

inpower

teacher飛explanation:havingcontrol;〃(修飾名詞，做后置定語)(1)選舉出但沒有上

任的;selectedbutnolinstalled。)在統(tǒng)治地位的;dominant;

Dictionaryexplanation:inpower掌權(quán)的，執(zhí)政的

perpetuate

teacher*explanation:causesthtocontinue;〃使永久，保持

Dictionaryexplanation:".)使永存，使不朽;causetocontinueorprevail

原文：Whetheritbethechurch,massmedia...perpetuatescustoms,establishesvalues,and

makesthemajordecisionsaffectingthebulkofthepopulation.

attendant

teacher'sexplanation:伴隨的;accompany;

Dictioiwyexplanation:(n.)出席者，隨從，跟班(adj.)出席的，注意的，伴隨的

原文：Highstatusandattendantpowermaybeaccordedthosewhoareseenorbelievedto

begreatwarriorsorhunters.

accord

teacher'sexplanation:give;grant;//(可帶雙賓語)Accordsbsth授予，給予

Dictionaryexplanation:accord(n.)調(diào)和，一致,符合；條約;協(xié)議；自愿(v.)調(diào)解，使

一致；贈予；給予；授予；調(diào)和，一致，符合

goabout

teacher'sexplanation:approachtodosth;tacklewith;〃(1)著手做，處理;(tacklewith)

approach;(2)makeahabitofdoing;

Dictionaryexplanation:著手做；走動；從事;begintodealwith

原文：Allofusarebornwithbasicneeds一needsthatcreateandshapebehavior-but

howwegoaboutmeetingthoseneedsanddevelopingbehaviorstocopewiththemis

learned.

meteorological

teacher'sexplanation:scientificstudyofclimateandatmosphereanditschange;氣象

的;〃氣象的，氣象學(xué)的；

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)氣象的；氣象學(xué)的

原文：Whetherwefeedourselvesbygrowingyamsorhuntingwildgameorbyherding

camelsandraisingwheat,whetherweexplainathunderstormbyattributingitto

meteorologicalconditionsortoafightamongthegods-suchthingsaredeterminedby

whatwelearnaspartofourenculturation.

enculturation

teacher飛explanation:(n.Socialization,對本文化的適應(yīng)—對他文化的適應(yīng)

(acculturation);

Dictionaryexplanation:enculturation|n.］對某種文化的適應(yīng);theadoptionofthe

behaviorpatternsofthesurroundingculture

原文：Thetermenculturationdenotesthetotalactivityoflearningone'sculture.

synonymously

teacher'sexplanation:havingthesamemeaningasotherwords;同義地;〃同類土也，同

義地;1

Dictionaryexplanation:synonymous(adj.)meaningthesameornearlythesame;同義字

的，同義的，類義字的

原文：Insocialpsychologyandsociology,thetermsocializationisoftenused

synonymouslywithenculturation.

anguish

teacher'sexplanation:severepain;〃極度痛苦；

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)苦惱；痛苦(v.)使極苦悶；使極痛苦；感到痛苦;extreme

distressofbodyormind

原文：Whenwelookatthewordlearnedasitappliestoculture,wefindithasnumerous

meanings...theanguishfeltbyabumvictim,sotoothewordlearnedisaskedto

representahostofvariations.

fortitude

teacher'sexplanation:persistent/enduranc/courage/self-controlwhenfacedifficulties.堅

韌，剛毅；

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)剛毅，不屈不撓,堅毅;strengthofmindthatenablesa

persontoencounterdangerorbearpainoradversitywithcourage.

原文：Weseeafilminourfourth-gradeclassaboutthecouragepeopledemonstratedin

theirattempttosavetheAlamo,andwelearnaboutpatriotismandforlilude.

payheracompliment

teacher飛explanation:expressionofpraise;//Paysbacompliment表揚;(=paya

complimenttosb)praise

Dictionaryexplanation:payacomplimentto,稱贊；恭維

原文：Afathertellshisdaughtertothanksomeonewhopaysheracompliment,andshe

learnsaboutmanners.

admonish

teacher飛explanation:警告，告誡;advisesbseriously.

Dictionaryexplanation:勸告，告誡;admonishorcounselintermsofsomeone's

behavior;wamstrongly;putonguard

原文：Thefootballcoachadmonisheshisteamto“takeyourpunishmentlikemen,^^and

theylearngenderroles.

compact

teacher'sexplanation:concise;〃簡潔的;notdiffuseorverbose(冗長的).condensed,壓

縮的；

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)合同,契約(v.)使緊密；使簡潔(adj.)緊密的，簡潔的，緊湊

的；closelyandfirmlyunitedorpackedtogether;

原文：Hence,"proverbsareacompaclireatiseonthevaluesofculture.^^

treatise

teacher飛explanation:alongwrittenworkdealingsystematicallywithonesubject;〃專

題論文；

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)論文，論述，專著;aformalexposition

原文：Hence,"proverbsareacompacttreatiseonthevaluesofculture.^^

reflective

teacher'sexplanation:thoughtful;〃深思的；concernedinreflectionorthought.

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)反射的，熟慮的,反映的;persistentlyormorbidly

thoughtful;

原文：Evenourproblem-solvingtechniquesarecharacterizedbyimpulsiveratherthan

reflectivemethods.

Squeaky(adj.)

teacher'sexplanation:〃吱嘎作響的；withhigh-pitchedsound.

Dictionaryexplanation:[adj.]吱吱響的，發(fā)軋聲的

原文：Thesqueakywheelgetsthegrease.

speakup

teacher'sexplanation:直言不諱;〃直說;speaklouder,orstateclearlyandfreelywhat

onethinks;

Dictionaryexplanation:大聲地說，無保留地說出;speakone'sopinionwithoutfearor

hesitation;

原文：IntheUnitedStates,peopleareencouragedto"speakup"andmakesuretheir

viewsareheard.

takeahandin

teacher'sexplanation:takesomebodyinhand;takecontrolofsbinordertoimprovehis

behavior管教，管教

Dictionaryexplanation:takeahandin參與，介入

原文：ThisAfricanproverbdemonstratesthevalueoftheextendedfamily,foritissaying

thateveryonetakeahandinraisingthechild.

despise

teacher'sexplanation:歧視〃蔑視；fellcontemptforsb/sth;

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)輕視;lookdownonwithdisdain

原文：Azebradoesnotdespiseitsstripes.

acaseinpoint

teacher'sexplanation:exampleisrelevanttothematterbeingdiscussed;例證;〃有關(guān)的

事例；

Dictionaryexplanation:acaseinpoint恰當?shù)睦樱糇C

原文：Acaseinpointisthepopularfolktale“Cinderella.”

accentuate

teacher'sexplanation:emphasize;//makesthnoticeable;強調(diào)；

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)9以重音念，重讀;tostress,singleoutasimportant;

原文：TheJapanesestoryaccentuatesintellectualabilityandgentleness.

extemporaneously

teacher'sexplanation:艮［I興地；spokenordonewithoutpreparation;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)無準備的,臨時的,即席的;withoutpriorpreparation;

原文：Inplaceofthefamousslippertestisthechallengeofhavingtocomposeasong

exlemporaneously.

revere

teacher飛explanation:feeldeeprespectfor;strongerinrespect;崇敬

Dictionaryexplanation:".)崇敬，尊敬，敬畏;loveunquestioninglyanduncriticallyor

toexcess;venerateasanidol;

原文：Americansreverethetough,independent,fast-shootingcowboyoftheOldWest;

theEnglishadmirationofgoodmanners,courtlybehavior...

glimpse

teacher'sexplanation:getaquicklookofsomething;glance;〃一瞥，一看；togetabrief

lookat(看見)；(glance:看;getaquicklookatsth.)

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)一瞥,(v.)瞥見;aquicklook;abrieforincompleteview

原文：Theyarealsomagiclensesthroughwhichwecanglimpsesocialordersanddaily

life:howfamilieswereorganized,howpoliticalstructuresoperated...

concurwith

teacher'sexplanation:同意；agreewith;concurwithsbinsth;//happentogether;同時

發(fā)生

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)意見相同，互助，一致

原文：WestronglyconcurwithCampbell-whenyoustudythemythsofaculture,you

arestudyingtheheartofthatculture.

glorify

teacher'sexplanation:美化；makesthappearbetterthanitreallyis;

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)贊揚，美化;praise,glorify,orhonor;bestowgloryupon;

原文：IntheUnitedStates,sports,warstories,policestories,andmanydocumentaries

glorifyviolence.

sanction

teacher'sexplanation:批準,同意;giveone*sapproval/permissionto;

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)核準，處罰(v.)制J裁；批準；鼓勵；

原文：Thelanguagethatweuseinsportsmirrorsandsanctionsviolence.

offense

teacher飛explanation:進攻,attack;(反義defense)

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)過錯;觸怒;進攻;theactionofattackinganenemy;

原文：Sittinginfrontofatelevisionset,onehearswordsandstatementssuchas"kill”,

“head-hunter","It'sawarJand“Theydestroyedtheoffense.9,

fortify

teacher飛explanation:增強，強化；strengthen;

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)設(shè)要塞于，使堅強，力口強；筑防御工事;makestrongor

stronger;

原文：Ourgames,sports,toys,movies,andsoonallfortifytheneedtowin.

comein

teacher'sexplanation:finisharaceinaparticularposition;〃(固定搭酉己:comein+序數(shù)

詞，不須加冠詞)比賽得名次；(hecomesinsecond;)

Dictionaryexplanation:得名次；上市；到達；流行起來;起作用；

原文：Afamoustennisplayertellsusthathe"feelslikedyingwhenhecomesinsecond.”

atourdisposal

teacher飛explanation:隨意可用的；sthisputthereavailableforsbtouseasonewishes;

Dictionaryexplanation:atdisposal;供…使用；可以自由處理；

原文：Atourdisposalarethespeculations,observations,facts,experiments,andwisdom

accumulatedoverthousandsofyears-whatthelinguistWeinbergcalled“thegrand

insightsofgeniuseswhich,transmittedthroughsymbols,enableustospanthelearningof

centuries.^^

genius

teacher'sexplanation:語言的特點；acharacteristicofspeciallanguage;

Dictionaryexplanation:genius(n.)天才;天才人物；天賦

cumulative

teacher'sexplanation:累積的，漸增的;graduallyincreasebyamouts;//accumulative;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)累積的;increasingbysuccessiveaddition;

原文：Throughlanguage一beitverbal,nonverbal,oriconic一itis,asGoodenoughsays,

"possibletolearnfromcumulative、sharedexperience.^^

such-and-such

teacher'sexplanation:某某;apersonorthingthatdoesnotneedtoemphasize;

Dictionai*yexplanation:(adj.)某某的;諸如此類的；(pron)這樣的人(或物)；

原文：Languagethusenablespeopletocommunicatewhattheywoulddoifsuch-and

suchhappened,toorganizetheirexperiencesintoabstractcategories9,

crescent

teacher'sexplanation:月芽

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)新月形的;逐漸增力口的;(n.)新月；anyshaperesemblingthe

curvedshapeofthemooninitsfirstorlastquarters;

原文：Theycanuseacross,crescent,orsix-pointedstartoshowtheloveofGod.

portability

teacher'sexplanation:可攜帶性;〃輕便，便于攜帶；canbecarriedeasily.

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)可攜帶;可移植性;thequalityofbeinglightenoughtobe

carried;

原文：Theportabilityofsymbolsallowsustopackageandstorethemaswellastransmit

them.

accumulative

teacher^explanation:漸進的；

Dictionai'yexplanation:(adj.)累計的；積聚而成的；累積的；

原文：Cultureisthereforeaccumulalive,historical,andpreservable.

subjectto

teacher5sexplanation:遭遇(受);sufferto,oftensufferingorundergoingsth;〃易受...

liableto;

Dictionaryexplanation:使服從;使遭受;受...管制;

原文：CultureIsSubjecttoChange.

fluctuation

teacher'sexplanation:riseandfall,changeirregularlyandcontinuously.

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)波動;起伏;thequalityofbeingunsteadyandsubjectto

changes;

原文：Culturesarealsosubjecttofluctuations,seldomremainingconstant.

railagainst

teacher'sexplanation:抱怨,譴責,railagainststh/railatsbforsth,complainstrongly;//

責備;reproach.

Dictionaryexplanation:railagainst[vt.]W^,挑易(抱怨

原文：Forexample,therearestillcountlessindividualsinAmericawhodislikecomputers

andotherswhorailagainstwomenhavingrightsequaltothoseofmen.

compatiblewith

teacher*explanation:兼容；〃相容的，可并存的;suitable;existtogether;canbeused

together;

Dictionaryexplanation:compatible(adj.)諧調(diào)的；和諧相處；一致的

原文：Becausecultureswanttoendure,theyusuallyadoptonlythoseelementsthatare

compatiblewiththeirvaluesandbeliefsorthatcanbemodifiedwithoutcausingmajor

disruption.

assimilation

teacher'sexplanation:同化;becomeapartofsocialgroup//assimilation(n.)(動詞

assimilate)

Dictionarexplanation:(n.)吸收；同化；同化作用

原文：Theassimilationofwhatisborrowedaccelerateswhenculturescomeintodirect

regularcontactwitheachother.

acculturation

teacher'sexplanation:對他文化的適應(yīng);adapttooradoptadifferentculture.;//

enculturation是對本文化的適應(yīng).

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)文化適應(yīng)，同化過程；文化互滲;theadoptionofthe

behaviorpatternsofthesurroundingculture;

原文：AccLilturation、asatypeofculturalchange,"occurswhenasocietyundergoes

drasticculturechangeundertheinfluenceofamoredominantcultureandsocietywith

whichithascomeincontact.^^

contingenton/upon

teacher5sexplanation:取決于，視...情況而定;dependonsththatmayhappenor

nothappen;

Dictionaryexplanation:視...而定,取決于;determinedbyconditionsor

circumstancesnotyetestablished;

原文：Howsuccessfulpeopleareincopingwithanewcultureiscontingentonahostof

factors.

embed

teacher飛explanation:嵌(埋、插)入,根植于;Exsomethingdeeplyandfirmly//embedded

sthinsth(常用被動語態(tài))

Dictionaryexplanation:栽種;使嵌入;使深留腦中;fixorsetsecurelyordeeply；

原文：However,valuesassociatedwithsuchthingsasethicsandmorals,...andattitudes

towardgenderandagearesodeeplyembeddedinaculturethattheypersistgeneration

aftergeneration...andConfucianismdidnothomogenizethesocietiestheyenveloped.

homogenize

teacher'sexplanation:同質(zhì)化；〃同質(zhì)化；blendintoauniformmixture.

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)使均勻，使類同;causetobecomeequalorhomogeneousas

bymixing;

discrete

teacher為explanation:分離的，各自的;distinct;separate.

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)不連續(xù)的；離散的;constitutingaseparateentityorpart;

原文：Throughoutthischapter,wehavebrokendownandisolatedvariouspartsofculture

andtalkedaboutthemasiftheywerediscreteparts.

systemic

teacher飛explanation:影響全身的;affectingthewholebody;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)系統(tǒng)的;全身的;體系的;affectinganentiresystem;

原文：Thenatureoflanguagemakesitimpossibletodootherwise;yetinreality,culture

functionsasanintegratedwhole一itis,likecommunication,systemic.

ethnocentric

teacher飛explanation:(種)民族中心主義的;//(Ethnorelative：民族相對主義)

Dictionaryexplanation:種族優(yōu)越感的;民族中心主義的;centeredonaspecificethnic

group,usuallyone'sown;

原文：CultureIsEthnocentric

Onecultureviewstheeatingofanimalsasbarbarousandabnormal;thepeoplewithsuch

habitsareapttoconsiderthecustomofconfiningtheelderlytoconvalescenthomesjust

ascruelandunnatural-thisisethnocentrism.

barbarous

teacher'sexplanation:野蠻的;cruel;savage;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)野蠻的；粗野的；殘暴的;primitiveincustomsandculture

beaptto

teacher'sexplanation:易于...；有...的彳頃向；likelytodosth;//beapttodo.

Dictionaryexplanation:傾向于；

convalescenthome

teacher'sexplanation:療養(yǎng)院;

Dictionaryexplanation:convalescent:(n.)復(fù)原期的病人;//(adj.)康復(fù)中的；調(diào)養(yǎng)的；恢

復(fù)期的；apersonwhoisrecoveringfromillness;

derogatory

teacher5sexplanation:貶低；批評性的;showdisrespectfulandcriticalattitude.

Dictionaryexplanation:(adj.)4乏損的;expressiveoflowopinion;

原文：Ethnocentrismtakesonanegativeconditionandbecomes''destructivewhenitis

usedtoshutothersout,providethebasesfordsrogaloryevaluations,andrebuffchange.^^

rebuff

teacher'sexplanation:拒絕;reject;//makeunkindorcontemptuousrefusal.

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)斷然拒絕;(v.)斷然拒絕;抵制;rejectoutrightandbluntly;

fanatics

teacher'sexplanation:(n.)狂熱者;apersonwhoistooenthusiastictosth.

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)W狂熱者；

原文：Weneedtobuildupourdefensestoprotectourselvesfromthosereligiousfanatics.

aboundwith

teacher9sexplanation:富含;befullyfilledwith.

Dictionaryexplanation:充滿；

原文：Historyaboundswithexamplesofhowcultureshavechangedbecauseoflaws,

shiftsinvalues,naturaldisasters,wars,orothercalamities.

calamities

teacher5sexplanation:災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難;disaster;〃seriousmisfortune.

Dictionaryexplanation:calamity(n.)災(zāi)難；不幸事件;rejectoutrightandbluntly;

firstandforemost

teacher9sexplanation:首位且最重要的;firstlyandmostimportantly;

Dictionaryexplanation:(adv.)首先;首要的是;ofgreatestimportance;

原文：Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirslandforemostanaccommodationtothe

patternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.

MissGuo:wAsianValues":FromDynamostoDominoes?

Dynamo

teacher'sexplanation:發(fā)動機;generator

Dictionaryexplanation:[nJ發(fā)電機，精力充沛的人；

原文：“AsianValues”:FromDynamostoDominoes?”亞洲價值觀”：從狄納莫[發(fā)電機]

到多米諾？

Domino

teacher*explanation:多米諾'骨牌;DominoEffect:aneffectofone(esp.political)event

inoneplacemakingsimilareventshappenoneafteranother.

Dictionaryexplanation:n.多米諾骨牌;面具；

reversal

teacher'sexplanation:倒轉(zhuǎn)，逆轉(zhuǎn);turningaround;

Dictionaryexplanation:逆轉(zhuǎn);achangefromonestatetotheoppositestate.

原文：Thereisnoexampleinhistorytomatchthedramaticreversalsinfortuneofthe

Asianeconomiesduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.

turnonone'shead

teacher飛explanation:完全相反,倒立;completelyconverse;//stand/turnonsb*shead;

原文：WidelysharedviewsaboutthefundamentalculturaldeterminantsoftheAsian

countrieshavebeentumndostheirheadstwotimesinfourdecades.人們又寸亞洲國家基

本文化因素所廣泛持有的看法，竟然在大約40年之內(nèi)兩次翻了跟頭。

recession

teachersexplanation:(經(jīng)濟的)衰退(期)[temporarilydecline;

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)JgiM；不景氣；凹處;thestateoftheeconomydeclines;a

widespreaddeclineintheGDPandemploymentandtradelastingfromsixmonthstoa

year.

原文：First,Japanwentintoasevererecession,ifnotdepression,thathaslastedafull

decade,andthentheSoutheastAsianandSouthKoreaneconomieswentfromfinancial

crisestomorefundamentalsetbacks.首先是日本經(jīng)濟沒勁了，即使說不是蕭條，也該

說是嚴重衰退，迄今已持續(xù)了整十年了。接著是東南亞和韓國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)生金融危機,

導(dǎo)致更根本性的挫折。說了十年的“亞洲價值觀”如何優(yōu)越的大話一下子泄氣了。

depression

teacher'sexplanation:經(jīng)濟蕭條期;aperiodinwhichthereislittlebusinessactivityand

unemployment;

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)不景氣，沮喪，憂愁;amentalstatecharacterizedbya

pessimisticsenseofinadequacyandadespondentlackofactivity;

setback

teacher'sexplanation:挫折，阻礙事情進展的東西;somethingthathindertheprogress

of...

Dictionaryexplanation:(n.)退步，挫折,逆流;anunfortunatehappeningthathindersor

impedes;somethingthatisthwartingorfrustrating;

hype

teacher飛explanation:宣傳，(公眾的)注意;publicity;〃大肆宣傳，炒作;misleading

exaggeratedpublicity;

Dictionaryexplanation:(v.)?興奮；大肆宣傳(n.)夸大其詞，皮下注射blatantor

sensationalpromotion;

原文：Adecadeofhypeaboutsuperior“Asianvalues^^wastellinglydeflated.說了十年

的“亞洲價值觀”如何優(yōu)越的大話一下子泄氣了。

tellingly

teacher'sexplanation:;有效地，顯而易見地；(adv.)noticeably//havingnoticeableeffect.

Dictionaryexplanation:(adv.)有效地；顯著地;inatellingmanner;

deflate

teacher'sexplanation:使某人泄氣;makeaproudpersonfeeldissappointed;〃放氣，抽

出;lettheairout;〃緊縮；(反義詞：inflate.)

Dictionai7explanation:deflate".)通貨緊縮，物價下降；抽出空氣；縮小;打擊；

amatterof

teacher飛explanation:正好;大約；about;//notmorethan;notlessthan;normorethan;

nolessthan.

Dictionaryexplanation:大約；