2021年高考真題英語(北京卷)

絕密★啟用前2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）第一節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）1給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade，Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I 1（voice）mybiggestconcerntomymother.“HowwillImakefriends?”Shehandedmeadvice.“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2 （face）challenges.IknowIwillwhisperto3（I）thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.BEarthDay，4 （mark）on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated5 Daynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地區(qū)）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6 （activity）onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree，makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables，orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter？Researchonthequestion 7（suggest）that，formoststudents，itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan 8 theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose aretotallyengaged（參與）inacademiclife.takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources（資源），Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10（meaning）collegeexperience.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）ABCD并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11 freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12 hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13 amastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe's15 havegoneTinaStern17 ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree18 ."It'snotjustaride；you'renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.”Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsandactually 20Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe 22 asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23 toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24 them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat'sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25 tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it'salsoentirely 26 forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon'thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27 vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas 28 themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29 .“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It'ssucha（n）30 tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."11.A.linking B.sendingC.offeringD.distributing12.A.donating B.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering13.A.paved B.coveredC.measuredD.wandered14.A.arguments B.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered15.A.met B.drivenC.addressedD.conversations16.A.even B.everC.onceD.already17.A.earned B.receivedC.assessedD.demanded18.A.transportation B.styleC.timeD.communication19.A.forced B.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious20.A.selects B.recitesC.guessesD.remembers21.A.acton B.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon22.A.club B.leagueC.collegeD.programme23.A.far B.aroundC.beyondD.forwards24.A.assist B.watchC.urgeD.warm25.A.expects B.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates26.A.extra B.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate27.A.share B.fuelC.repairD.exchange28.A.required B.allowedC.remindedD.convinced29.A.experience B.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment30.A.effort B.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）ABCD將該項涂黑。Alifeyou'reat，whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA，you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity（社區(qū)）.Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers，mountainleaders，andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose，youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity'saccesstosafedrinkingwater，orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?Toseeklocalpartners B.TotakeinyoungvolunteersC.Tocarryoutprogrammes D.TofosterculturalawarenessTheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.AfriaThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefit D.helpcommunitiesinneedBItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.SuccessmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfiedCThat'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.ThereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches（數(shù)據(jù)侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname，andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge.they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans.forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbanktelleryouinto"confirming"yourname，andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney，socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby.orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobecalls?Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies，scammercan .aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spread informationwidelyWhatdoesthepassageimply?Honestyisthebestpolicy.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedWhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboeallsWhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousHowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyDBytheendfthecnturyfotortheworldsswillelrandgenrthanstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomereducingitinothertochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?Sensitive. B.Beneficial C.Significant D.UnnoticeableWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateOceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansTointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）多余選項。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals. Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？ 47 hyoudnollsetballandsl.herusaremixedorollandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball.whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（協(xié)調(diào)）theiractions.48 baseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”49 Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比賽apersoniselsepullstheropewithlessforce.50 .AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentThegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.Thistaskinterdependencedistingu