人教課標(biāo)高一Unit22

Unit2Workingtheland高一必修41.____________vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng);拼搏;努力2.____________n.十年;十年期3.____________adj.特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的4.____________n.產(chǎn)量；輸出5.____________n.莊稼；農(nóng)作物；產(chǎn)量6.____________adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的struggledecadesuperoutputcropdisturbing7.____________vt.&vi.使變大;伸展8.____________vt.&vi.循環(huán);流傳9.____________n.戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量

vt.&vi.

搏斗；奮斗10.___________n.（常用plstatistics）數(shù)據(jù)；統(tǒng)計(jì)；統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料11.___________adv.因此;所以;因而12.___________n.谷物；糧食；顆粒13.___________n.國(guó)籍expandcirculatethereforenationalitybattlegrainstatistics14.__________n.工作;職業(yè);占領(lǐng)15.__________vt.遺憾;惋惜n.遺憾;懊悔16.__________adj.

曬黑的17.__________n.細(xì)菌(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù))18.__________n.害蟲(chóng)19.__________n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物20.__________

n.礦物；礦石regretbacteriapestnutritionoccupationmineralsunburnt21.__________n.土壤22.__________n.焦點(diǎn);中心點(diǎn)

vt.集中;聚焦23.__________vt.減少;減縮24.__________n.根；根源25.__________vt.瀏覽；略讀26.__________vt.

畫(huà)底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)27.__________n.評(píng)論;議論

vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見(jiàn);作出評(píng)論28.__________adj.

化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的focusreducecommentsoilrootskimunderlinechemical29.____________n.饑餓;欲望

vt.&vi.(使)饑餓→__________

adj.饑餓的;渴望得到的29.____________vt.&vi.配備;裝備→__________(不可數(shù))n.設(shè)備30.____________vt.&vi.輸出;出口→__________(反義詞)vt.&vi.輸入;進(jìn)口hungerhungryequipequipmentexportimport31.____________n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)→__________v.發(fā)現(xiàn)32.____________vt.使迷惑;使為難→__________adj.令人迷惑的→__________adj.感到迷惑的→__________n.迷惑33.____________n.總結(jié);摘要;概要→__________vt.總結(jié)confuseconfusingconfusedconfusionsummarysummarizediscoverydiscover34.___________n.

自由；自主→_________adj.

自由的；免費(fèi)的→_________adv.

自由地；隨意地35.___________n.生產(chǎn)；制造→_________vt.

生產(chǎn)；制造→_________n.

產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物→_________adj.

生產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的→_________n.

生產(chǎn)者；制片人freedomproductionfreefreelyproduceproductproductiveproducer1.幸虧，由于，因?yàn)開(kāi)_______________2.擺脫，除去________________3.對(duì)……感到滿意________________4.寧愿，寧可________________5.逐漸增強(qiáng);建立;開(kāi)發(fā)________________6.導(dǎo)致;造成(后果)________________7.集中(注意力/精力等)________________8.使……免受(影響;傷害等);使……不含(有害物)________________thanks

torid

…ofbe

satisfied

withwould

ratherbuild

uplead

tofocus

onkeep...freefrom/of1.ifso條件狀語(yǔ)從句的縮略形式e.g.Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketotrygrowing?2....+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as...e.g.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeas

before.1.名詞后綴-y與動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞相結(jié)合，構(gòu)成名詞①delivery

n.交付；傳送②discovery

n.發(fā)現(xiàn)③victory

n.勝利；戰(zhàn)勝④memory

n.記憶，記憶力⑤difficulty

n.困難⑥honesty

n.誠(chéng)實(shí)2.動(dòng)詞+on短語(yǔ)①callon號(hào)召；拜訪②carryon執(zhí)行③dependon依靠④holdon堅(jiān)持⑤insiston堅(jiān)持⑥liveon以……為生與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的語(yǔ)塊protectarableland

保護(hù)耕地pestanddiseasecontrol

病蟲(chóng)害防治sownarea

播種面積yieldperunitarea

單位面積產(chǎn)量soilimprovement

改良土壤farmingequipment

耕作設(shè)備developfarmplotsthatmeethighstandards建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田farmers'enthusiasm

農(nóng)民積極性agriculturalinfrastructure

農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施spendonagriculturalscienceandtechnology

農(nóng)業(yè)科技投入organicagriculture

有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)pollution-freevegetables

無(wú)公害蔬菜terracedfield

梯田

soilfertility

土壤肥力cropfailure

作物歉收

landdegradation

土地退化cashcrops

經(jīng)濟(jì)作物

grainvarieties

糧食品種irrigatedarea

灌溉面積

cooperativefarm

合作農(nóng)場(chǎng)China

isoneoftheoldestagriculturalcountriesintheworld.Intensivefarmingispracticedin

China.中國(guó)是世界上最古老的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)之一，講究精耕細(xì)作。Foodisvitalforhumansurvival.

民以食為天。China

hasrichagriculturalresources.Riceismainlygrowninsouthern

China

whilewheatandcornaremainlygrowninnorthern

China.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)資源豐富，南方以種植水稻為主，北方以種植小麥和玉米為主。Theissuesrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareasandfarmershaveamajorimpactonbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandonthemodernizationdrive.農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問(wèn)題，是關(guān)系全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)和現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)全局的重大問(wèn)題。1.strugglevt.&vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng);拼搏;努力;掙扎【教材原句】Indeed,hissunburnedfaceandarmsandhisslimandstrongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.

的確，他那被太陽(yáng)曬的黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬(wàn)的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去五十年來(lái)，他一直努力幫助他們?！練w納】struggleto

dosth.

艱難地做某事,掙扎著做某事strugglefor

為……而斗爭(zhēng)struggletoone’sfeet

掙扎著站起來(lái)struggle

with

(against)

與……作斗爭(zhēng),同……搏斗【語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用】單句填空1)She’sstruggling_________(bring)upafamilyalone.2)Millionsofpeoplearestruggling________survival.3)Johnstruggled____________cancerfortwoyears.4)Policesaidtherewerenosignsofa_________(struggle).tobringforagainst/withstruggle2.expandvt.使變大;使增強(qiáng);闡述

vi.擴(kuò)大;增加;增強(qiáng)【教材原句】DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefield.

袁博士(開(kāi)始)在不增加農(nóng)田面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求水稻增產(chǎn)的途徑?！練w納】

o

把……擴(kuò)展(發(fā)展,膨脹)成

expandon/upon

闡述;詳談【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)我們打算通過(guò)再開(kāi)兩家商店來(lái)擴(kuò)大生意。

Weplanto___________________byopeningtwomorestores.

2)管道里的水結(jié)成了冰，導(dǎo)致管身膨脹爆裂。

Thewaterfrozeinsidethepipe,causingitto___________________.3)Couldyouexpand__________

thatpoint,please?expandthebusinessexpandandburston/uponexpand

展開(kāi),擴(kuò)大,不僅指尺寸的增加,還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend

伸出,延伸,指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大,以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的向外延伸,也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。spread伸開(kāi),傳播,一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍,如傳播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。stretch伸展,拉長(zhǎng),一般指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展,不是加長(zhǎng)。expand

extend

spread

stretch【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】用expand/extend/spread/stretch的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Thehotweather__________toOctober.2)Water_________whenitfreezes.3)He_________hisbodyfull.4)Thefiresoon________tothenearbybuilding.

extendedexpandsstretchesspread3.equipvt.&vi.

裝備;配備

【教材原句】Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuanto

equipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究?！練w納】

equip...with...

用……裝備……

beequippedwith

裝備著

equip...forsth./todosth.

為了……而裝備

well/poorlyequipped

設(shè)備精良的/較差的【拓展】

equipment

n.

裝備;設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞)

apieceofequipment

一件設(shè)備【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單句填空1)Allriders___________(equip)withreflectivevestsandsafetylights.(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)2)Youmustcarrythenecessary___________(equip)withyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)3)Yourtrainingwillequipyou________yourfuturejob.equipmentforareequipped4.thereforeadv.

因此；所以；因而【教材原句】Hetherefore

givesmillionsofyuanto

equipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。thereforesothustherefore副詞。和上句連接時(shí)常用andtherefore…形式，and前加一逗號(hào)；如沒(méi)有and，則上句尾用分號(hào)(;)。so連詞。前一句尾常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，so不能與because連用。thus副詞。常與and連用，呈現(xiàn)andthus+從句形式，有時(shí)也會(huì)有…，thusdoing…形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)引起一個(gè)直接的結(jié)果?！菊Z(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】用therefore，so，thus填空①Shewascaughtcheatingintheexamand________shewaspunishedbyherteacher.②Shecoughedbadly,________shewenttoseeadoctor.③Thetramstoppedsuddenly,________causingthedelay.thereforesothus5.regretvt.遺憾；惋惜n.遺憾；懊悔【歸納】

regretto

dosth.

遺憾地去做某事

regretdoingsth.

后悔做過(guò)某事

regretnottohavedonesth.后悔沒(méi)做過(guò)某事

regretthat

遺憾……

withgreat/deepregret

很遺憾

toone’sregret

讓某人感到遺憾的是【拓展】

regretfuladj.懊悔的，遺憾的，惆悵的regrettableadj.令人遺憾的，使人痛惜的，可悲的，不幸的【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單句填空1)Iregret_______(tell)youthatIcannotlendyouahand.2)________theirgreatregrettheticketsforthefootballgameweresoldout.totellTo漢譯英3)他說(shuō)他很后悔把事件的真相告訴了他母親。Hesaidheregrettedtelling/havingtold/thathehadtoldthetruthofthemattertohismother.6.focusn.焦點(diǎn);中心點(diǎn)

v.集中;聚集

【教材原句】Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害?！練w納】focuson/uponsth.集中(注意力、精力等)

于……focusone’seyeson

注視

focusone’sattentiononsth.

集中注意力于……outoffocus

模糊不清/焦點(diǎn)沒(méi)有對(duì)準(zhǔn)的infocus

清晰的/焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)的bringsth.intofocus使……成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)thefocusofattention/concern

注意力/關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單句填空1)Heneedstofocusmore______hiscareer.2)Weneedtofocuspublicattention_______thisissue.3)Picturesshouldbe______

focus,withrealisticcoloursandwellcomposedgroups.4)Bringtheobject_______focusifyouwantasharpphotograph.onon

ininto完成句子1)你必須努力把思想集中在工作和學(xué)習(xí)上。Youmusttryto_____________________workandstudy.2)這次討論的焦點(diǎn)是女性在廣告中的角色。_____________________________wastherolesofwomeninadvertising.focusyourmindonThemainfocusofthediscussion7.reducev.

減少;減縮【教材原句】Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.肥沃的土壤減少了病蟲(chóng)害并且有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長(zhǎng)?！練w納】reduce...(from...)to...把……（從……）減少到……reduce...by...把……減少……

【拓展】reduce...tosth./doingsth.使……陷入某種狀況/狀態(tài)reducesb.to...降職【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)這里的人口現(xiàn)在已減少到5萬(wàn)。Thepopulationherehas_______________fiftythousandnow.2)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，全班都安靜了下來(lái)。Hearingthebadnews,theclasswas_________________.

3)據(jù)報(bào)道，那個(gè)地區(qū)的米價(jià)下降了5%。Itisreportedthatthepriceofthericeinthatarea_______________5%.beenreducedto

reducedtosilencewasreducedby8.commentvi.&vt.

表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論

n.評(píng)論；議論【教材原句】Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerandgiveeachothercomments.【歸納】commenton/aboutsth./sb.對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論makecommentsonsth./sb.

對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論

nocomment無(wú)可奉告【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)She_______________________mywork.

她對(duì)我的工作提出了有益的評(píng)論。2)Idon’tfeel____________________________.我覺(jué)得我無(wú)法對(duì)他們的決定作出評(píng)論。madehelpfulcommentsonIcancommentontheirdecision1.thanksto

由于；多虧（有時(shí)用作反語(yǔ)）;

因?yàn)椤窘滩脑洹縏hankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多虧他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法?！痉椒ㄒ?guī)律】owingto和thanksto的賓語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往是正面的、積極的東西。dueto、becauseof和asaresultof的賓語(yǔ)則為中性的內(nèi)容。在表達(dá)負(fù)面、消極的內(nèi)容時(shí)多用asaresultof和dueto?！就卣埂?/p>

表示“因?yàn)?，由于”的短語(yǔ)還有：becauseof,owingto,onaccountof,dueto,asaresultof,resultfrom【溫馨提示】以上這些都是介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句?！菊Z(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)Itwasallagreatsuccess—_________________________(由于盡心竭力).2)____________________(多虧了你的幫助),wearrivedtheresafely.thankstoalotofhardworkThankstoyourhelp2.wouldrather

寧愿，寧可其后接動(dòng)詞原形

【教材原句】Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛(ài)好上?！就卣埂?/p>

wouldrather...than...常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”wouldrather＋從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。wouldratherhavedone

本想做……（而實(shí)際上未做）

【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單句改錯(cuò)1)ThisSundayIwouldratherstayingathomethangotothepark.

_______________2)Hewouldratherdon’tgowithme._______________3)I’dratherhadthesmallapple._______________staying

→

staydon’t

→

nothad

→

have3.buildup

逐漸增加，變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)，(車輛)擁擠起來(lái)；積累，積聚；加強(qiáng)(力量)，增強(qiáng)(體質(zhì))；建立，開(kāi)發(fā)

【教材原句】Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople’sbodiesovertime.隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積?！菊Z(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】寫(xiě)出buildup的漢語(yǔ)意思1)Rosstooktwentyyearstobuilduphisbusiness.__________2)Hewentforanoceanvoyageandsoonbuiltuphishealth.__________3)Wemustbuildupareservefundtomeetemergencies.__________4)ThenoisebuiltupuntilMarycouldn’tstanditanylonger.__________5)Thesingerhasbeenbuiltupintoagreatsuccess.___________建立加強(qiáng)（力量），增強(qiáng)（體質(zhì)）積累，積聚逐步增加，變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)通過(guò)廣告宣傳使出名4.leadto

導(dǎo)致;造成(后果);通向其中to是介詞，后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)【教材原句】Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.許多化學(xué)成分導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。

【拓展】

leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadsb.tosp.帶領(lǐng)某人去某地leadtheway引路,帶路lead/live/havea...life過(guò)著……樣的生活【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】漢譯英1)吃太多的糖會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題。

Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.2)這條路通向公園。

Theroadleadstothepark.3)她帶領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的房間。

Sheledustoaroomupstairs.1.

Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?如果這樣的話,你做了些什么來(lái)種植這些植物？①ifso意為“如果是這樣的話”,是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式,表示肯定意義,如果表示否定意義,則用ifnot。②if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式：

ifany

如果有的話

ifpossible

如果可能的話

ifnecessary

如果必要的話【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)___________(如果不行的話),doletmeknowwhattimesuitsyoubest.2)___________(如果這樣的話),ourearthwillbecomeamorebeautifulhome.IfnotIfso2.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）n.＋of＋B【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單句填空1)I’mnotgoingoutwithamanwho’stwiceasold______me.2)Myhouseisthreetimesbigger______yours.

3)Yourplaygroundis900metreswide,threetimesthesize

______

ours.asthanof一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的習(xí)慣性行為，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.g.

Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.

Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)★在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放到句末。

e.g.

Itisveryimportantremembering

others’names.

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)★有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。有此用法的動(dòng)詞有：allow,advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,delay,deny,

enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,mention,permit,practice,quit,risk,suggest等。e.g.Mymotheradvisedaskingadoctortocomeandexaminemyeyes.We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.★有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法和意義都有所不同。這些動(dòng)詞是：remember,forget,stop,regret,try,mean等。e.g.Iremembermeetingheratapartyonce.Iwanttotryplayingsoccerthisspring.stoptodosth.

停下來(lái)去做某事stopdoingsth.

停止做某事meantodosth.

想要做某事meandoingsth.

意味著trytodosth.

努力要做某事trydoingsth.

試著做某事remembertodosth.記得要去做某事rememberdoingsth.

記得做了某事★動(dòng)詞-ing形式用在動(dòng)詞need,want,require等后表示“需要”時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或者用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。e.g.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning.=Thecarpetreallywantstobecleaned.★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。要特別注意：be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto等中的to都是介詞而不是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。e.g.Myfatherisusedtogoingtobedlateandgettingupveryearly.I’mlookingforwardtoreceivingyourreply.3.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo_________(work)withstudents.(2016浙江)working2._________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

(2018北京)Traveling1._________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019天津)LearningⅠ.課文語(yǔ)法填空YuanLongping,oneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Hegrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In19531.________YuanLongpinggraduatedfromcollege,hungerwasa2.__________(disturb)probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.Hewantedtoincreasericeharvestswithout3._________(expend)theareaofthefields.In1973,aspecialstrainofricemade4.________possibletoproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.whendisturbingexpandingitHebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworld5._________(grow)ricethathasahighoutput.Hehasalsocirculatedhisknowledgeinsomeothercountries.Thank6._______hisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldof7._______(hungry).YuanLongpingisquite8.________(satisfy)withhislife.Buthewouldliketohavemore9._______(free)todohisresearch.YuanLongpinghasanotherdream:toexporthisricesothatitcan10._________(grow)aroundtheglobe.togrowtohungersatisfiedfreedombegrownⅡ.課文短文改錯(cuò)Overthepasthalfcentury,usechemicalfertilizershas

becomeverycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduct.asproductionusingRecently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancauseofdamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealthy