報(bào)刊第五課 期末復(fù)習(xí)資料 英語專業(yè)

LessonFive

TheEvolutionWars

(Time,August15,2005)PartI.NewsWritingWhatisnews?Newscanbedefinedastwotypes:broad-sensenewsandnarrow-sensenews.Bybroad-sensenews,itreferstoallarticlesputoninmassmedia.Bynarrow-sensenews.Itonlyreferstoobjectivereportageonnewly-happenedevents,Definitionsvaryfromcountrytocountry.Therearenouniversaldefinitionacceptedbytheglobalmassmedia.PartI.NewsWritingInChina,thegovernmentrequiresthatmassmediaplaystheroleinpublicizing,educatingandinspiringpeople.Inspiteofdifferences,thecharacteristicsofnewsareuniversal,thatis,reportingnewfactsandpassingonvariousinformation.MassmediainWesterncountriesplaytheroleinprovidinginformation,educating,reform,entertainment,inspirationandsoon.AccordingtoWesternmassmedia,thevalueofnewsincludes:activitiesofVIPsandcelebrities,governmentactivities,rareandoddevents(sexaffairsandscandals),andnewsocialtrends.

PartI.NewsWritingNewsfactorsare:importance,timeliness,noveltyandinterest.Bytimeliness,newscanalsobeclassifiedinto3types:hardnews,softnewsandnewsinmiddle.Hardnewsisnotonlyfresh,butalsoseriousandobjectiveincoverage.Softnewsisrelaxintone,usuallywithhumaninterestinvolved.Newsinmiddleissomethingbetweenthetwo.PartI.NewsWritingThepillarformodernnewsare:seekingnoveltyandarousingsensation.Thesayinggoes:Itisnotnewswhenadogbitesaman,butabsolutelynewswhenyoufindamanbitesadog.Thereisatendencyacrosstheworld:“Badornegative”news,suchascrimes,naturaldisasters,hasnewsvalue,considered“good”news.Therefore,ifyoupickupanewspaper,youwillfind“bad”newsoutnumbers“good”news.Anotherinterpretationofnewsis:thewordNEWSisthe“Acronym”fornorth,east,westandsouth.

PartII.Text:TheEvolutionWars1.IntroductoryRemarks:

In1859,CharlesRobertDarwin,inhisbook“OnOriginofSpecies”putforwardhistheoryofbiologicalevolution,statingthatallspeciesoforganismsariseanddevelopthroughthenaturalselectionofsmall,inheritedvariationsthatincreasetheindividual’sabilitytocompete,surviveandreproduce.Darwinismcanbebestmarkedas“selectionthroughnature”and“survivalofthefittest”.Althoughthetheoryofevolutionhasbeenacceptedasbasictheoryintextbooksofpublicschools,ithasbeenchallengedeversinceitsbirth.PartII.Text:TheEvolutionWarsIn2005,thetheoryofevolutionwaschallengedby“intelligentdesign”,whichisanvariationofBibleclaim“Godcreatesman.”Intelligentdesign:theassertionthatsomefeaturesoflivingthingsarebestexplainedasworkofadesignerratherthantheresultofarandomprocesslikenaturalselection.Thisevolutionwarnotonlyinvolvesreligiouspeople,butpoliticians,evenGeorgeW,Bushaswell.2.Questions&SuggestedAnswers1.WhatwillhappeninthepublichighschoolinruralDoverinthelatefall?Whydoscientistsfeelhorribleaboutit?(ThepublichighschoolinruralDoverwillannounceitschallengetoDarwin’sevolutiontheory.Scientistsfeelhorror,becausesuchchallengemayshakeoroverthrowtheverybasicfoundationofscience.)2.WhatisPresidentBush’sattitudetowards“intelligentdesign”?Whatistheeffectofhisattitude?(PresidentBushallowstheissueintodiscussion.Althoughhispositionseemsfair-minded,histoleranceindicateshissupportfor“intelligentdesign.”Theeffectofhisattitudeisbad,foritmaycausetheirinvolvementinpseudo-scienceissue.)2.Questions&SuggestedAnswers3.HasevolutionismbeenwellacceptedinAmericasinceitsbirth?Whatwasthe“monkeytrial”?(No.Americanpeoplefindithardtoacceptevolutionism,becausemanyAmericansbelieveinGod.TennesseefannedtheteachingofevolutionandconvictedschoolteacherJohnScopesofviolatingthatbaninthe“monkeytrial”of1925.)4.WhataretheproblemswithDarwin’stheory,accordingtotheadvocatesof“intelligentdesign”?(Theyassertthatlivingthingsaresimplytooexquisitelycomplextohaveevolvedbyacombinationofchancemutationsandnaturalselection.Ontheotherhand,theyfocusonmissingpiecesinthefossilrecord,particularlytheCambrianperiod.)2.干Q翁ue分st扭io糟ns最&已S階ug以ge宴st仆ed墨A跑ns晌we垃rs5.起D坐o熔ea晝r(jià)l柔ie顯r串a(chǎn)n凳ti機(jī)-D幼ar圾wi述ni報(bào)st例s是an窗d經(jīng)th被e紐奉pr圈op干on救en橫ts集o賀f怎“i材nt銜el嗓li割ge杜nt呈d林es狠ig渾n”稼h閱ol女d爐th低e位sa從me慰p趟oi每nt會(huì)o趣f封vi替ew歸?撥Wh妹y?(N罷o.養(yǎng)I革n匪co身nt擱ra由st睬t召o夏ea旬rl禁ie陶r店op算po止ne鏟nt贈(zèng)s介to譜D宇ar嚴(yán)wi縱n,農(nóng)m輔an嗽y啊pr站op就on源en探ts庭o柜f顏in誕te稅ll鹽ig創(chuàng)en第t纏de雕si鬼gn丹a部cc組ep京t麥so哀me醫(yī)r嶼ol療e欄fo半r稈ev佳ol欣ut抄io估n-感--臥--創(chuàng)he撓re今sy扯t濱o涂so總me野c鏡re孕at厘io冠ni但st夸s.德T培he齊y袍ar績(jī)e純al第so丘c沾ar捧ef臭ul克n房誠(chéng)ot熟t桌o仇br眠in武g陳Go征d蓋in恰to相d滋is著cu欺ss酬io俘n,覺p執(zhí)re掠fe痕rr戲in糊g沫to掀k婦ee誘p貸pr絨im射ar由il岡y圖to夏t陪he殲l駱an司gu瘦ag將e歲of呈s罪ci店en妹ce杠.棗Be穩(wěn)ca擦us挺e孝th誦is弟m蹲ay舅a尤ls革o絞he截lp竄t六he傅m淹av謊oi悟d須th他e困le撲ga惱l附an狐d峰po錢li津ti重ca者l損pi衡tf南al勤ls候o貿(mào)f幼te法ac洽hi惜ng侍c堂re料at雁io蠢ni收sm叢.)6.詞W刊hy連d尤o盈ma娛ny您s遙ci隨en彎ti艦st謎s界re守si郵st封e世ng釋ag滾in擠g哨in妥n蕩ew債e故vo璃lu泛ti害on鬧w義ar昏?(M隨an暮y框sc估ie速nt仗is涉ts斜h襖av蛇e圣be杏en旬r隔el我uc恐ta持nt紫t店o皇en疏ga康ge位i裹n機(jī)a養(yǎng)de奏ba陪te氏w帆it療h油ad災(zāi)vo傭ca泊te墳s健of忌i負(fù)nt慢el踩li慈ge巨nt精d迎es痛ig抽n,煎b齡ec妥au抵se厭t供o衰do托s專o浴wo煙ul協(xié)d打le涂gi膨ti難mi郊ze細(xì)t距he滴c墻la政im內(nèi)t題ha死t候th胡er穿e’增s眼a幸me悄an層in馳gf津ul喘d朝eb猴at嗎e午ab燙ou此t肺ev泰ol薄ut旨io記n.溝)2.舒Q鴿ue史st磁io池ns存&較S滿ug存ge恐st刺ed傻A(chǔ)湖ns怕we有rs7.榆W血hy追w跪il馬l勤sc摔ie擇nc希e背te篩ac儲(chǔ)he滔rs秩c身ho咳os速e毯su受ch陳e燦xp握re戴ss秩io倦ns撈a遷s弄“c盈ri串ti臭ca泄l煎in悔qu躲ir鈴y”宣,典“s韻tr富en常gt哲h斥an早d盼we菜ak議ne捆ss錄”掌an挨d聾“c恰ri育ti輝ca仙l產(chǎn)an催al私y(tǒng)s茶is晨”蛇wh插e(cuò)n叉t謙he泥y顆te里ac船h浴id蜜ea杠s摔li室ke曉“唱in堆te富ll光ig貌en威t惡de棵si續(xù)gn談”?(T奪he肢y旺us衛(wèi)e周su染ch加e簡(jiǎn)xp創(chuàng)re絕ss筒io訊ns鎖i虹n肯or頭de艇r飲to須m峰is曬le診ad旱p氧eo孔pl徐e似in梢to桶t栗hi謝nk倡in騰g底th淚at沖t感he尿r弄ef害er正en疊ce艙t漢o虎sc沈ie桐nc參e惜as蜻a僵n育on護(hù)go糠in膊g憤cr團(tuán)it淋ic蹤蝶al綠i佳nq襯ui安ry惡p第er孫mi赤ts潑t左he爭(zhēng)m勵(lì)to差t節(jié)ea謠ch舉I黃.D展.成cr但ap揭i仇n鹿th撕e擱sc艙ho拼ol刻s.溜)8.祥W宣ha高t淋is漂y競(jìng)ou閣r演op餃in算io性n歡of腿t暴he楚w繩ar利b宰et榆we閘en且D蹄ar攏wi蹤蝶n’格s慈th食eo謀ry純a冊(cè)nd蘆“輝in磁te謙ll哨ig魔en躬t疼de眉si拒gn減”?(T騾hi罵s獨(dú)is卡a德w首ar凈b團(tuán)et場(chǎng)we宏en磁s波ci侄en護(hù)ce錢a亂nd變r(jià)渣el敏ig活io慣n.面T同he奶p店ro別po掠ne冠nt滋s齡of蒸“憤in墊te白ll導(dǎo)ig達(dá)en哨t挨de虛si狗gn續(xù)”披im們po得se個(gè)t范he曲ir欲r妥el鉆ig昆io核us秒b依el無ie咱fs柜o刻n描ot甜he富rs填r紗eg針ar艱dl只es膛s閑of太f是ac涉ts筒a百nd披t搜ru限th僑.弦Ri汁di末cu讓lo鎮(zhèn)us狀ly杠P度re凍si轟de本nt節(jié)B鏟us蛛h纖ha數(shù)s繁go晝t嫁in叉vo游lv評(píng)ed舞i釣n楚th爽e噴ar瞞gu恨me南nt舟b啊y致st訓(xùn)an墻di詞ng倚o鐵n錯(cuò)th壺e且si庸de舌o盜f數(shù)an走ti武-D誼ar巷wi歌ni嚇sm聯(lián)s槐o泊as恒t再o莊fu救rt呆he低r咽th言e衡mo循ve妄me殃nt顯.)3.講D咳et藍(lán)ai求le湯d板St鴨ud娘y全of評(píng)t乘he企T概ex襲t1.肆W販he閘n拿Bu些shjo計(jì)in態(tài)ed否t計(jì)he榆f甜ra預(yù)yla驅(qū)st朋w國(guó)ee針k,珠(s挖ub宴-h載ea善dl碼in流e)輸--畜--震Wh巷en斤B猾us燭hjo曲in強(qiáng)ed晌i垂n拿th蜜e聚ar腫gu是me旬nt…2.葵B苦ut奧t丸o俊bi御ol塞og盜is礎(chǔ)ts柔,殊it界s亮ma現(xiàn)ck灘s漲of銜f潛ai輸th激-b請(qǐng)as脊ed淘s閉ci印en怪ce攻…(壤pa絨r.權(quán)4持,虎li團(tuán)ne碧4奧)-喉--同--膛Bi倍ol辨og偏is喉ts暮f客ee猴l最th檢at怕B己us創(chuàng)h’候s斑po訓(xùn)si董ti盞on曲i桂s疼ch模ar代ac賄te疊ri劉ze砍d吉by縣r范el錢ig竿io閃us狠e敢le軟me腰nt傭.3.涂…傳th晌e副U.左S.盼i乓s晃lo饒si森ng獸i酸t(yī)s幕e巴dg縱e.農(nóng)(懂pa母r.航4撈,片l葵in畝e流9)撞--絕--凈th堤e喂U.汗S析.喝is棍l岡os舊in矩g浮it蘋s散ad舟va句nt盯ag累e.4.略D括ar斧wi婦n’蝦s餃th好eo踐ry和h吹as籃b爪ee蓋n孔a迅ha跑rd嗚s累el繭l顛to相A鏈me辜ri婚ca倆ns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