2019年12月英語四級考試真題與答案解析：C卷

2019年12月英語四級真題及答案第三套————————————————————————————————————————PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstostudyinChina.Pleaserecommendauniversitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.B)Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.C)Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.D)Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown..2. A)Culturalbias.B) Inadequatepay.C) Educationalsystem.D) Workingconditions.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.B)Helosthiswayonabeach.C)Hewasalmostdrowned.D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.4. A)Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.B)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.C)Thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.D)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Itbecameanonlinestar.B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.D)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.6. A)Senditbacktothezoo.B) Releaseitintothewild.C) Returnittoitsowner.D) Giveitaphysicalcheckup.7. A)Araccooncanperformactsnohumancan.B) Araccooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.C) Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.D) Theraccoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.B)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.CShereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.D)Shegotapayraiseforherperformance.9. A)Severalyearsago.B) Twodecadesago.C) Rightaftergraduation.D) Justlastmonth.10. A)Hesentasmallchecktohisparents.B)Hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.C)Heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.D)Hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.11.A)Buysomeprofessionalclothes.B) Budgethersalarycarefully.C) Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.D) Visitherformeruniversitycampus.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.B)Hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.C)Hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.D)Hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.13.A)Giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.B)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.C)Thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.D)Seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.14. A)Hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.B)Heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.C)Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.D)Hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.15. A)Theyneedtimetomakepreparations.B)Theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.C) Theyhaven’tstartedtheircareersyet.D) Theyhaven’twontheirparents’approval.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.B)Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.C)Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.D)Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.17. A)Improvingmind-readingstrategies.B) Readingclassicscientificliterature.C) Playinggamesthatchallengeone’smind.D) Travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.18. A)Giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.B)Exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.C)Discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.D)Participateindebatesordiscussions.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)Thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.B)Thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.C)Whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.D)Howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans.20. A)Theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.B)Theycanrespondtohumans’questions.C)Theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.D)Theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.21. A)Theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.B) Theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.C) Theyhelphumansinvariousways.D) Theystaywithonepartnerforlife.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Acowbone.B)Arareanimal.C)Ahistoricalsite.D)Apreciousstone.23. A)Measuringit.B)Preservingit.C) Datingit.D) Identifyingit.24. A)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.B)Theboy’sfamilyhadactedcorrectly.C)Theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.D)Thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.25. A)Searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.C)Conductamoredetailedsearch.D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsofpeopletravelbyplaneeverysingleday.Ifyou’replanningonbeingoneofthemsoon,youmightnotbelookingforwardtothe26feelingairtraveloftenleavesyouwith.Besidestheairportcrowdsandstress,travelingatsuchahighaltitudehasrealeffectsonthebody.Althoughthepressureofthecabinis27topreventaltitudesickness,youcouldstill28sleepinessoraheadache.Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinanaircraftcabinis29tothatat6,000to8,000feetofaltitude.Adropinoxygenpressurecancauseheadachesincertain30.Topreventheadaches,drinkplentyofwater,andavoidalcoholandcoffee.Airplanefoodmightnotreallybeastastelessasyou31thought.Theairyoubreatheinaplanedriesoutyourmouthandnose,whichcanaffectyoursenseoftaste.Perceptionofsweetandsaltyfoodsdroppedbyalmost30percentinasimulationofairtravel.However,youcanmakeyourtastebudsactivebydrinkingwater.Adrymouthmay32tastesensitivity,buttasteisrestoredwithfluids.Althoughin-flightinfections33indryenvironmentslikeairplanes,yourriskofgettingsickfromanairplaneisactuallylowbecauseoftheair34used.Unlessyou’resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick.However,bacteriahasbeenshowntoliveoncabinsurfaces,sowashyourhands35.A)adjustedF)frequentlyK)reduceB)channelsG)individualsL)renovatedC)equivalentH)originallyM)smoothD)experienceI)particularN)thriveE)filtersJ)primarilyO)unpleasantSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ASouthKoreanCityDesignedfortheFutureTakesonaLifeofItsOwn[A]Gettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere’sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefuture:aplacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWe’llLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses“rapid,long-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale.”[B]“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterbornecentury,the19thcenturyarailcentury,the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury—andthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedbyair,”Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda’sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears.“Fromtheget-go,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,”saysKasada.“ThegovernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternationalBusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltintandemwiththenewairport.”[C]Songdoisastone’sthrowfromSouthKorea’sIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub.Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaplaceasan“internationalbusinessdistrict”doesn’tmeanitwillbecomeone.ParkYeonSooconceivedthiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby.“Iamavisionary,”hesays.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park’sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36.000peoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It’saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonreclaimedtidalflatsalongtheYellowSea,There’saCoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.D)Chancesareyou’veactuallyseenthisplace.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousmusicvideoevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.“GangnamStyle”referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo.”Idon’tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,”saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon’sBartlettSchoolofPlanning,“Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit’snewandnice.”[E]Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Buthat’snothowithasturnedout.Songdo’sreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there’salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecorner,there’saStarbucksanda7-Eleven—alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.[F]Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingstrollers,oldwomenwithwalkers—eveninthemiddleoftheday,whenit’s90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat’stheproblem:SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancity—morepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessone.It’snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.“It’sagreatplacetolive.Andit’sbecomingagreatplacetowork,”saysScottSummers,thevicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhiscompany’sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullofkayaksandpaddleboats.Shimmeringglasstowerslinethecanal’sedge.[G]“What’shappenedis,becausewefocusedoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirst,whichenabledtheresidentstolivehere,whathasprobablymissedthemarkisforcompaniestolocatehere,”hesays.“Thereneedstobestrongeconomicincentives.”Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn’tfeelallthatfuturistic.There’sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody’stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalizedlanguageorexerciseclasses.[H]ButStarTrekthisisnot.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.“I’m,like,inprisonforweekdays.That’swhatwecallitintheworkplace,”saysawomaninher20s.Shedoesn’twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.“IsayI’mprison-breakingonFridaynights.”Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There’snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20milesaway.[I]ThemanwhofirstimaginedSongdofeelsfrustrated,too.ParksayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,“l(fā)ikeMercedesorBMW.It’sagoodcarnow.Butwe’rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.”Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompanies[J]Songdo’sbackerscontendthatit’sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurbandesignatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple.“Therehavebeenalotofutopiancitiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon’tknowaboutalotofthemisthatalotofthemhavevanishedentirely.”Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.36.Songdo’spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.37.ThemanwhoconceivesSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisexpectations.38.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotinSongdo.39.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.40.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaprofessor.41.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.42.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredomintheworkplace.43.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationaltransportation.44.Acordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhathappeninthefuture.45.ParkYeonSo.WhoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy1.5centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia’snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecounty.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It’sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalpre-kindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyistsmadesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxincourt.“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages—includinglow-andno-caloriechoices,”saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.”Anindustrybackedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleast$4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure.characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherplaces,”saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.“Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.It’snotjustBerkeley’anymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia’sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado’sBoulderarebecominghot-buttonissuesHealthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecoming.46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphia?A)Itwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumers.B)ItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.C)Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunities.D)Itmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusiness.47.Whatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposal?A)Bargainwiththecitycouncil. B)Refusetopayadditionaltax.C)Takelegalactionagainstit. D)Trytowinpublicsupport.48.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposal?A)Ittriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumers.B)Ittriedtowingrocers’supportagainstthemeasure.C)Itkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemedia.D)Itcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertising.49.Whatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddo?A)Alertpeopletotheriskofsugar-induceddiseases.B)Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.C)Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.D)Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountry.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeothercities?A)Theyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.B)Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.C)Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.D)Theyaretakingawaylotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherfromofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.51.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A)Quick-cookingmicrowaveovenshavebecomemorepopular.B)Thefrequentuseofmicrowavesmaydoharmtoourhealth.C)CO2emissionsconstituteamajorthreattotheenvironment.D)TheuseofmicrowavesemitsmoreCO2thanpeoplethink.52.Whyarethesalesofmicrowavesexpectedtorise?A)Theyarebecomingmoreaffordable.B)Theyhaveashorterlifecyclethanotherappliances.C)Theyaregettingmucheasiertooperate.D)Theytakelesstimetocookthanotherappliances.53.WhatrecommendationdoesthestudybytheUniversityofManchestermake?A)Cookingfoodofdifferentvarieties. B)Improvingmicrowaveusers’habits.C)Eatinglesstocutenergyconsumption. D)Usingmicrowaveo