高二生物免疫調(diào)節(jié)（Biology immune regulation）

高二生物免疫調(diào)節(jié)(Biologyimmuneregulation)

Biologyimmuneregulationof.TxtwhentheIQofmenafter

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Cardingofbasicknowledge

First,theimmunesystemcomposedof1.immuneorgans:bone

marrow,thymus,spleen,lymph,immuneorgans:bonemarrow,

tonsilandsoon.Knots,tonsils,etc.2..Immunecells.(1)

phagocytes.Phagocyte.Phagocytes,etc.(2)lymphocytes:T

cellsmigratetothethymusandproducelymphocytes:cells

(migratetothethymus,lymphocytesmature)andcellsmature

inthebonemarrow.Cellsmatureinthebonemarrow,matureand

mature,andBcellsmatureinthebonemarrow.3.,immuneactive

substances:antibodies,lymphfactors,lymphfactors,immune

activesubstances:lysozymeandsoon.Lysozyme,etc..

Cardingofbasicknowledge

Two.Immunesystemfunction1.defensefunction.(1)

non-specificimmunity,non-specificimmunity,thefirstline

ofDefense:composedofskinandmucousmembrane.Firstline

ofdefence:composedofskinandmucousmembranes.Thesecond

lineofDefense:secondlinesofDefense:thebodyconsistsof

bactericidalsubstancesandphagocyticcells.Andphagocytic

cells.(2)specificimmunity,third1inesofdefense,specific

immunity(thirdlinesofdefense,specificimmunity,third

linesofDefense)

Cardingofbasicknowledge

Cardingofbasicknowledge

2.monitorandremovefunctions.Monitorandremovefinecells

thatarealreadyagingordamagedbyotherfactors.Cells,as

wellascancerouscells.

Cardingofbasicknowledge

Whatarethecellsthatrecognizeantigens?Whatarethecells

thatrecognizeantigens?Thinkingandthinking-[tips]tips]

nonphagocyticcellstoidentifyspecificantigen;cell,fine

specificantigenrecognition;Tcells,BfineeffectofTcells

andmemorycellstospecificcells,effectorcellsandmemory

cellscanidentifyspecificantigenrecognition;antigen;

plasmacellscannotbeidentifiedbutantitheantibodycan

recognize.Theantibodiesproducedcanbeidentified.

Cardingofbasicknowledge

Three,1.strongimmuneimmunedisorders.(1):autoimmune

diseaseisduetotheabnormalimmunesystemautoimmunedisease:

autoimmunedisease,excessive,sensitive,sensitivereaction

andoverreaction"regardlessoftheenemywillownsubstance

asforeigeregardlessoftheenemy"regardlessoftheenemy,

werecausedbytheattack.Causes,suchassystemiclupus

erythematosus,rheumatoidarthritis.Humidarthritis.

Cardingofbasicknowledge

(2)theconceptofallergicallergicreaction:hasimmunebody,

thenagainintheconcept:havetheimmunebody,thereaction

characteristicsareaffectedbythesameantigenstimulation

stronglydissipatedrapidly,rapidonset,strongreaction,

fadefaster,whiledestructionoftissuecells,willnotdamage

(likewillbedamaged,willnotdamagethecells,damagewill

notdamagethecells)willcause,willnotcauseseriousdamage

willcausetheorganizationdoesnotcause(cause,willnot

causeseriousdamage)organizationandindividualdifferences.

Theinjuryhasobviousgenetictendencyandindividual

difference.

Cardingofbasicknowledge

2.,thedefenseistooweak.(1)forexample:AIDS,alsoknown

asacquiredimmunity,forexample:forexample,AIDS,AIDS..

(2):theetiologybyhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)leading

causeofdiseaseinducedmainlyattacksthebody，sTcells,HIV

cellsattackthehumanbody,itcanmakethepeoplemainly

attacksthebody'simmuneabilityofbodycells,almostalllost.

Almostallofthebody'simmunefunctionwaslost.

Cardingofbasicknowledge

Four.Theapplicationofimmunology,theinventionand

applicationofvaccinesisoneofthegreatestachievementsof

modernmedicine,

Accordingtothecharacteristicofantigenandspecific

antibodycombination,combinedwiththecharacteristicsof

antibodywasdetectedbyartificialmarkersoftissueantigen,

antigendetection,organtransplantationproblemscanbe

solved,theapplicationalsorelatestoimmunology.The

solutionalsoinvolvestheapplicationofimmunology.

Corebreakthrough

First,theimmunerelatedcellscomparetheoriginand

differentiationof1.lymphocytes

Corebreakthrough

2.comparisonofvariousimmunecells

Thefunctionofprocessingandpresentationofantigen

processingandpresentationofantigensofhematopoieticstem

cells,phagocytosisofphagocyticcellsantigenantibody

antigenrecognition,hematopoieticstemcellsinboneantigen

recognition,differentiateintoBcells,plasmacells,memory

cellsinspinalcorddevelopmentidentification,antigen

presentation,identification,antigenpresentation,

differentiationofhematopoieticstemcellsinbreastTcells

intoeffectTcells,effectorcellsandmemorycells,inthe

developmentoffineglandsecretionoflymphokinescellsor

memorycellantibodysecretingplasmacellsBcellsorTmemory

celleffectsandtargetcellscombinedwithimmuneTcellsor

memorycellsormemorycelleffectorcellantigenrecognition,

antigenrecognition,differentiationintocorrespondingcells

orTcellorBcellmemorycellsorcelleffectorcellsofthe

cellorigin

Corebreakthrough

[warning]easytophagocyticcellsinsecondindustrywarning

defenseline]phagocytosisofantigen,antigenprocessing

phagocyticdefenseline,inthethirdlineofantigen

processingandpresentation,lineofantigenprocessingand

presentingantigens,alsoeliminatedfinallystillcannotdo

withoutthephagocyte-eventuallydestroystillcannotdo

withoutthespecificphagocytosisofantibodyandantigen

combination.Aspecificcombinationofantibodiesand

antigens.

Corebreakthrough

Instantapplication

1.(2010Taizhouqualityinspectionaccordingtohumanimmunity.

Taizhouqualityinspection)accordingtohumanimmunityyear,

Taizhouqualityinspectionrelatedconceptmapanswerthe

question:therelevantconceptmapanswerthequestion:

Corebreakthrough

(1)immunecellsinhumanimmunecellsderivedfrombonemarrow

derivedinthehumanbodyinbonemarrowhematopoieticstem

cells,hematopoieticstemcellsfromhematopoieticstemcells

todifferentiateintoavarietyofimmunecellmorphologyand

function,morphologyandfunctionofimmunecells,mainlydue

to..(2)notonlycanparticipateinnon-specificimmunity,but

alsocanparticipateinnon-specificimmunity,canparticipate

innon-specificimmunity,specificimmunityisthe[specific

immunity]..

Corebreakthrough

(3)thefollowingconceptswithincells,candifferentiatethe

conceptwithinthefollowingcells,thecellsintheconcept

offorceisthefollowing.Forceis.A.memorycellB.b..C.c,

D.d..(4)formsthepathwayof[c]formation:thereareways

offormation..

Corebreakthrough

Analysis:Analysis:accordingtotherelationshipbetween

immunecellscanbedetermined,B,C,aandDrespectively

representthephagocyticcells,Tcellsandplasmarespectively

representthephagocyticcells,cells,phagocyticcells,

representingtheeffectofTcells.Avarietyofimmunecells

aremadeupofcellsandeffectorcells.(1)allkindsofimmune

cellsaredifferentiatedfromhematopoieticstemcells,and

bloodstemcellsaredifferentiated.Theessenceof

differentiationistheselectiveexpressionofgenes.

Phagocytesmaybeinvolvedinnonspecificandselective

expression.(2)phagocyticcellscanparticipateininnate

immunity,withphagocytosisandeliminationofantigen;

immunitywithphagocytosisandeliminationofantigen;and

participateinspecificimmunity,withidentification,

processing,participateinspecificimmunity,hasthefunction

ofidentification,processingandpresentationofantigen.

PlasmacellsandeffectorTcells,plasmacells,Candeffector

cells,dnolongerhaveaprimaryrole.(3)plasmacellsand

effectorcellsnolongerhavetheabilitytodifferentiate;

memorycells,cellsandcells,andTcellshavetheabilityto

differentiate;

Whilememorycells,Bcellsandcellsarestimulatedbyantigen,

theycanproliferateanddifferentiate.Stimulatedbyantigen,

itcanproliferateanddifferentiate.

Corebreakthrough

Answer:geneselectiveexpressionofgeneexpression(answer:

selectiveleftcell(1)geneexpressionintheselective

implementationofthegeneticinformationincellsofdifferent

implementationdifferentinformation)(2)a(3)ABcell

phagocytosis(4)plasmacellsdirectlystimulatecellantigen

1antigendirectlystimulatethecytoplasmofBcellsthecells

producedbyTcellantigenpresentingtothecellsandthecell

antigenspresentedtoBcellsandcellstothememorycellsby

presentingantigensstimulated

Corebreakthrough

Two,specificimmunity-thethirdlineofdefenseofthehuman

body-thethirdlineofdefenseagainstthebody;sspecific

immunity-figure1.ofhumoralimmunity

Corebreakthrough

2.adiagramofcellularimmunity

Corebreakthrough

3..Thetwoimmuneprocessesbothhavetheirownuniquefunction.

Thetwoimmuneprocessesbothhavetheirownuniquefunction

andcancooperatewitheachothertoplayanimmuneeffect.They

cancooperatewitheachothertoplayanimmuneeffect.Such

as:(1)bacterialexotoxinantigenintothehumanbody,the

humanbody(bacterialexotoxinantigenintothebody,bacterial

exotoxinantigen)intothebody，simmunesystemtoproduce

specificantitoxin(antibody),theimmunesystemtoproduce

specificantitoxin(antibody),willbeeliminated,which

belongstothehumoralimmunity.Thisishumoralimmunity.(2)

forintracellularpathogens,humoralimmunityfirstactsasan

intracellularpathogen,andpreventsthespreadofpathogens

forintracellularpathogens.Usetopreventthespreadof

pathogens.Whenpathogensenterthecell,theyrequirecellular

immunitytoreleaseantigens,whichrequirecellularimmunity

toreleaseantigens,andthentakethefinalclearanceby

humoralimmunity.Thefinalclearanceofimmunity.

Corebreakthrough

Instantapplication

2.thefollowingfigureshowsthespecificimmuneprocessof

thehumanbody.Thefollowingfigureshowsthespecificimmune

processofthehumanbody.Accordingtothisdiagram,please

pointoutthecorrectoptionis().Accordingtothisdiagram,

pleasepointoutthecorrectoptionis

Corebreakthrough

A.canidentifyspecificantigenA,B,canspecifically

recognizetheantigen,andC,D,F,B.,andthefigurein

materialrelatedtothegenerationofcells.Ina,B,andC,

G,F,andC.HIV,andinvadethebody,onlyontheinhibition

ofinvasionofthehumanbody,theimmunesystem.Theinvasion

ofrays,theeffectofD.onhumanbodyonlylargedoseof

thymectomizedmiceX.largedoseofthymectomizedmice

irradiated,resultinginthelossofallspecificimmune

functionbyenteringFcellscanmakecanmaketheenergyinput

bycanmakethecellsfullyrestored

Corebreakthrough

Parse:selectB.Cellignorance.Cellfdoesnotrecognize

antigens.Cellarecognizeantigens,butnotantigens.Cells

recognizeantigens,buttheydonotrecognizeantigens.

Specificantigenisnotrecognized.WhenHIVinvadesthehuman

body,itattackspeople'sT.Afterenteringthehumanbody,it

attackspeople'scells,resultinginalmostallthelossof

immunefunction.Almostallofthemwerelost.

Corebreakthrough

Immunodeficiencydiseaseastheimmunefunctionhasbeenimmune

tothebodyandtheautoimmuneresponseinadequateorlackof

timetoreceivethesamematerialcausedbythedisease,their

tissuedisease,canbedividedintotwoconceptswhichoccur

whenstimulatedandorgandamagecausedbycongenitalimmune

deficiency:tissueinjuryordisease,injurydisease

depressiondepressionfunctionacquiredimmunedeficiency

disordersofthesameallergenagaintheantigenicstructure

andisenteringthebody,intothebody,andoftenformhuman

immunesystemcellmaterialsurfacestructuresimilartothat

ofcongenitallydeficient(incidenceadsorbedonthecell

surfaceofsimilarstructure,

(thelackofgeneticmechanismofcongenitallydeficient

antibodybindingantibodyantigenorviruswasdestroyedinthe

attack)andothertissuecellstorelease,butalsoeliminate

damagecausedbyhistamineoftenhitcellsofrheumatoid

arthritisofdigestivetract,digestivetract,respiratory

tractinflammation,rheumaticheartcongenitalthymuswasnot

forallergicreaction,skinallergy.Heartdisease,heart

disease,systemicallergicreactionsandbenignAIDSlupus

erythematosustypeproject

Three,immunedisorders

Allergicreactionautoimmunedisease

Corebreakthrough

[warning]AIDSHIViseasytoinvadethefalsewarningis]

invadesthehumanbody,attackTcells,humanbody,attackcells,

damagethebodythirdspecificimmunedefenceandadiseaseto

thehumanimmunesystemcausedbyparalysis.Adiseasecaused

byparalysis.

Corebreakthrough

Instantapplication

3.2009December1stistheWorldAIDSDay.Isthetwenty-second

WorldAIDSDayisthefirstdayofthedisease,AIDSDay

propagandatheme"commondisease,theAIDSDaypropaganda

theme“andhumanrights”,advocatepeoplecareandhuman

rights”.AdvocatesthatpeoplecareaboutandsupportHIV

infectedpersonsandpatients,infectedwithvirusandpatients,

andfurthermobilizethewholesocietytoparticipateinAIDS

preventionandcontrolwork.ParticipationinAIDSprevention

andcontrol.ThefollowingstatementaboutAIDSisincorrect

Corebreakthrough

A.HIVcausesAIDS.AIDScausedbyparasitesinthelymphof

theparasiticonBlymphocyteparasiticintracellular

intracellular,destroythebody,simmunesystemtodine

togetherB.andAIDSpatientswillnotinfectAIDSC.AI.The

probabilityoftheoccurrenceofmalignanttumorsinpatients

withAIDSthannormalpeople.HighD.AIDSmainlythroughsexual

contact,thebloodandmother.AIDSmainlythroughsexual

contact,babyspreadinthreeways

Corebreakthrough

Analysis:parasiticinTlymphfineresolution:selectA.HIV

parasiticinlymphnodes.Parasiticinthecell,damagethe

body'simmunesystem,intracellular,anddestroythebody's

immunesystem,asaresultofthelossofimmunefunction,

immunefunction,AIDSpatientswithmalignanttumorshigher

thannormal.Theprobabilityofatumorishigherthanthatof

anormalperson.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Anoverviewoftheexperimentalcontrolprinciples

Theprincipleofcomparisonisoneofthestandardsfor

designingandimplementingexperiments.Bysettingthe

experimentforcomparison,oneofthemis.Bysettingup

experiments,wecanexcludetheinfluenceofirrelevant

variables,excludetheinfluenceofirrelevantvariables,and

increasethereliabilityandpersuasivenessofthe

experimentalresults.Thereliabilityandpersuasivenessof

theresults.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Usually,anexperimentisdividedintoexperimentalandcontrol

groups.Usually,anexperimentisdividedintoexperimentaland

controlgroups.Theexperimentalgroupreceivedtreatment

groupobjectexperimentalvariables;experimentalgroup

receivedgroupobjectexperimentalvariablestreatment;

controlgrouporcontrolgroup,theexperimentalgroupor

controlgrouphypothesis,andontheexperimentalhypothesis,

isnottoacceptthegroupobjectexperimentalvariable

processing.Objectgroupsprocessedbyexperimentalvariables.

Asforwhichexperiment,whichisthecontrolgroup,the

decisionisusuallyrandom.Whichgroup,asacontrolgroup,

isgenerallyrandomized.So,intheory,so,theoretically,due

totheimpactofindependentvariablesoftheexperimental

groupandcontrolgroupareequalandbalanced,effectsof

independentvariablesareequalandbalanced,sothedifference

betweentheexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgrouptwo,the

differenceinexperimentalgroupandcontrolgrouptwo,canbe

identifiedasfromtheeffectoftheexperimentalvariables.

Theeffectcomesfromexperimentalvariables.Accordingtothe

contentandformofthecontrast,thereareusuallyblank,self

control,anddifferent,usuallyblankcontrol,selfcontrol,

comparisonoftheconditions,mutualcontrol,fourkindsof

control.Fourcontroltypeswerecompared.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Actualcombatdrill

Accordingtotheimmunologyknowledgetoanswerthefollowing

questions:accordingtotheimmunologyknowledgetoanswerthe

followingquestions:(1)thefollowingisbasedonthenatural

immuneoftheoriginalscientistsherearescientistsbasedon

naturalimmuneresearch,researchofartificialimmune,

artificialimmune,immunefunctiontest:duringtheinspection

process:

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Theexperimentassumesthat...Theinjectionheatingkilled

pneumococcidiedandlosetheirtoxicity,deathandlossof

toxicity,butitsantigencancauseimmunereactioninmice,

antibodyinducedinmiceimmuneresponsebytheantibody

inducedinmicebycellsynthesis.Cel1synthesizing.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

(2)inthepreventionwork,fromtetanuspatientsinthe

epidemicpreventionwork,gettheserum,inthepreventionwork

inserum,toaninjectionoftetanustoxoidinjectioninthe

depthofinjectionindepthtrauma,trauma,butalsotreatment

oremergencyprevention,pleasedesignexperimentstoprove.

Prevention,pleasedesignexperimentstoproveit.

Experimentalmaterials:agroupofabout60weightaboutthe

experimentalmaterials:anumberofbodyweightofGmice,the

sizeandhealthstatusaresimilartothatofmousesmall

sterilesyringesandhealthstatusaresimilartothatofother

equipment.Otherequipment.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Experimentalprinciple:.Experimentalprinciple:.Experiment

procedure:experimentprocedure:firststep:.Firststep:.The

secondstep:secondsteps:..Expectedresults:expected

results:.

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Answer:theanswer:(1)microbialpathogensinvivohas

inactivatedantigenscancauseimmuneresponse(other

reasonableantigencancauseimmuneresponseorother

reasonableanswers)canalsoanswerthepulp(2)

intraperitonealinjectionofexogenousantibodycanmakethe

machinebodyimmunityability(serumortetanuspatientsafter

injectionoftetanuspatients,serumimmunityortetanus

patientsaftertheantibodyinserumcankilltheinvading

tetanus)inthetetanusantibodycaneliminateinvading

Experimentalmonographicinquiry

Thefirststep:thefirststep:secondstepextractionfrom

serumtetanuspatients:selectonlyafewsimilarmice,second

steps:selectionofseveralsimilarmiceweredividedintotwo

groupsofequalnumber:theexperimentalgroupinjectedwith

immuneserum,equalinthetwogroups:theexperimentalgroup

injectedwithimmuneserumafterinjectionoftetanustoxoid

(orinjectionofimmuneserumandtetanusinjectionoftetanus

toxoidorinjectionofimmuneserumandtetanustoxoid,control

group),thecontrolgrouponlyinjectedtetanustoxoidmice

died,controlmicedied,thenormallifeofthemiceinthe

experimentalgroup

Caseanalysisofhighfrequencytestcenter

Testsite,thephysiologicalroleofimmunecells,example1

(2009collegeentranceexamination,Sichuanroll,pathogens,

differentimmunityyears,collegeentranceexamination,

Sichuanvolume)pathogens,differentimmunityyears,college

entranceexamination,Sichuanrollstatus,theprocessof

infectioninmiceasshown.Theprocessofinfectioninthe

statemiceisshown.Whatfollowsiscorrect

Caseanalysisofhighfrequencytestcenter

NonspecificimmuneA.celldeficientmice.Thephagocytosisof

damaged,damaged,cannotproducespecificimmuneB.Bcell

deficientmicecannotsynthesizeantibody,celldeficientmice

cannotsynthesizeantibodies.APCdeficientmicecannot

synthesizeantibodybutstillcanproduceimmuneresponsesin

C.Tcelldeficientmiceinvivointracellularpathogensthe

roleofantigen-presentingcells.Theantigendeficientmice

invivocannotbecompleted,withnotcomplete,humoral

immunitycannotproducecytokines,immuneD.miceandnormal

mice.Immuneproducedbylymph,strongspecificeffectsonT

cellsandmacrophagestotargetcells.Thespecifickilling

effectofeffectorcellsandphagocyticcellstotargetcells

Caseanalysisofhighfrequencytestcenter

[analysis]becauseofthesmallnumberofantigensinvadingthe

bodycannotthroughanalysis]phagocyticcellsandTcells

showeddirectstimulationtophagocyticcellsandcellsafter

presentingdirectstimulationofBcells,cellsofhumoral

immunity,makethebodytoproducespecifichumoralimmune

cells,makingthebodyproducespecific,byphagocytesandT

celldeficientmicestillretainafewphagocyticcellsandcell

specificimmunedeficientmicestillretainafewoptions,

options,errorerror;specificimmunity,A,theCoptionis

wrong;antibodyisbyBcellsafterstimulationwithanti

originaldifferentiationintoplasmacellsthatproducecell

antigenstimulateddifferentiationtheplasmacellsproduce

celldeficientmicecannotsynthesizeantibodies,andtheB

celldeficientmicecannotsynthesizeantibodies,butnotanti

synthesiscelldeficientmiceThebodybyimmunecellsimmune

tointracellularbacteriaasthecorrectoption;withthe

correctBoptions;lymphokineistoenhancetheroleof

effectiveoptionsrightcellstotargetcellsshouldbelethal,

thelethalityofTcellsontargetcells,phagocytosisofcells

withoutcellkillingforceontargetcells,thewrongoption

optionerror.Worked,theDoptionwaswrong,[answer]B

Caseanalysisofhighfrequencytestcenter

ArethereanyspecificimmuneresponsesinmicewithTdeficient

cellsthatarespecificforcelldefects?Immune?[hint]only

partialhumoralimmunity

Case