2023年考研考博工商管理碩士（MBA）考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博工商管理碩士（MBA）考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.1.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto（

）.3.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir（

）.

3.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto（

）.

5.Theword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.completefuturejobtrainingB.remodelthewayofthinkingC.formulatelogicalhypothesesD.perfectartworkproduction問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.experienceB.academicbackgroundsC.careerprospectsD.interest問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammersB.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustryC.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguide2.單選題甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5人是某校美學(xué)專業(yè)2019級(jí)研究生，第一學(xué)期結(jié)束后，他們?cè)趶垺㈥?、?位教授中選擇導(dǎo)師，每人只選擇1人作為導(dǎo)師，每位導(dǎo)師都有1至2人選擇，并且得知：（1）選擇陸老師的研究生比選擇張老師的多；（2）若丙、丁中至少有1人選擇張老師，則乙選擇陳老師；（3）若甲、丙、丁中至少有1人選擇陸老師，則只有戊選擇陳老師。根據(jù)以上信息，可以得出以下哪項(xiàng)？問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.甲選擇陸老師。B.乙選擇張老師。C.丁、戊選擇陸老師。D.乙、丙選擇陳老師。E.丙、丁選擇陳老師。3.單選題哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀、方法論的學(xué)問(wèn)。哲學(xué)的基本問(wèn)題是思維和存在的關(guān)系問(wèn)題，它是在總結(jié)各門具體科學(xué)知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)上形成的，并不是一門具體科學(xué)。因此，經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)案不能反駁它。以下哪項(xiàng)如果為真，最能支持以上論述？問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.哲學(xué)并不能推演出經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)案。B.任何科學(xué)都需要接受經(jīng)驗(yàn)的檢驗(yàn)。C.具體科學(xué)不研究思維和存在的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。D.經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)案只能反駁具體科學(xué)。E.哲學(xué)可以對(duì)具體科學(xué)提供指導(dǎo)。4.單選題“岡薩雷斯”“埃爾南德斯”“施米特”“墨菲”這4個(gè)姓氏是且僅是盧森堡、阿根廷、墨西哥、愛(ài)爾蘭四國(guó)中其中一國(guó)常見的姓氏。已知：（1）“施米特”是阿根廷或盧森堡常見姓氏；（2）若“施米特”是阿根廷常見姓氏，則“岡薩雷斯”是愛(ài)爾蘭常見姓氏；（3）若“埃爾南德斯”或“墨菲”是盧森堡常見姓氏，則“岡薩雷斯”是墨西哥常見姓氏。根據(jù)以上信息，可以得出以下哪項(xiàng)？問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.“施米特”是盧森堡常見姓氏。B.“埃爾南德斯”是盧森堡常見姓氏。C.“岡薩雷斯”是愛(ài)爾蘭常見姓氏。D.“墨菲”是盧森堡常見姓氏。E.“墨菲”是阿根廷常見姓氏。5.單選題胃底腺息肉是所有胃息肉中最為常見的一-種良性病變,最常見的是散發(fā)型胃底腺息肉，它多發(fā)于50歲以上人群。研究人員在研究10萬(wàn)人的胃鏡檢查資料后發(fā)現(xiàn)，有胃底腺息肉的患者無(wú)人患胃癌，而沒(méi)有胃底腺息肉的患者中有172人發(fā)現(xiàn)有胃癌。他們由此斷定，胃底腺息肉與胃癌呈負(fù)相關(guān)，以下哪項(xiàng)為真，最支持上述研究人的斷定?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.有胃底腺息肉的患者絕大多數(shù)沒(méi)有??B.病史在研究人員研究的10萬(wàn)人中，50歲以下的占大多數(shù)。C.在研究人員研究的10萬(wàn)人中，有胃底腺息肉的人僅占了4%D.有胃底腺息肉的患者罹患萎縮性胃炎，胃潰瘍的幾率顯著降低E.胃內(nèi)一日有胃底腺息肉，往往意味著沒(méi)有感染致癌物“幽門門螺桿菌”。6.寫作題論證有效性分析：分析下述論證中存在的缺陷和漏洞，選擇若干要點(diǎn)，寫一篇600字左右的文章，對(duì)該論證的有效性進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)論。默默無(wú)聞、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)，雖然是人們尊崇的德行，但這種德行其實(shí)不能成為社會(huì)的道德精神。一種德行必須借助大眾媒體的傳播，讓大家受其感染，并化為自覺(jué)意識(shí)，然后才能成為社會(huì)的道德精神。但是，無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的精神所以存在的行為特點(diǎn)是不事張揚(yáng)、不為人知。既然如此，它就得不到傳播，也就不可能成為社會(huì)的道德精神。退一步講，無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的善舉經(jīng)媒體大力宣傳后為更多的人所了解，這就從根本上使這一善舉失去了默默無(wú)聞的特性。既然如此，這一命題就無(wú)從談起了。再者，默默無(wú)聞的善舉一旦被媒體大力宣傳，當(dāng)事人必然會(huì)受到社會(huì)的肯定與贊賞，而這就是社會(huì)對(duì)他的回報(bào)，既然他從社會(huì)得到了回報(bào)，怎么還可以說(shuō)是無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)呢?由此可見，默默無(wú)聞、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的德行注定不可能成為社會(huì)的道德精神。7.單選題Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,”hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiesyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain.”saysPillay.1.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto（

）.2.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat（

）.

3.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis（

）.

4.Pillaybelievesthatourbrain'sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.seizeeveryminutetoworkB.listyouimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.Keeptoyourfocustime問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsB.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedC.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyD.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyB.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isdrivenbytaskurgencyD.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeB.WaystorelievethetensionofbusylifeC.ThekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime8.單選題黃瑞爰好書畫收藏，他收藏的書畫作品只有“真品”“精品”“名品”“稀品”“特品”“完品”，它們之間存在如下關(guān)系：（1）若是“完品”或“真品”，則是“稀品”；（2）若是“稀品”或“名品”，則是“特品”?，F(xiàn)知道黃瑞收藏的一幅畫不“特品”，則可以得出以下哪項(xiàng)？問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.該畫是“稀品”B.該畫是“精品”C.該畫是“完品”D.該畫是“名品”E.該畫是“真品”9.單選題1970年，U國(guó)汽車保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的賠付總額中，只有10%用于賠付汽車事故造成的人身傷害。而2000年，這部分賠付金所占的比例上升到50%，盡管這30年來(lái)U國(guó)的汽車事故率呈逐年下降的趨勢(shì)。以下哪項(xiàng)如果為真，最有助于解釋上述看似矛盾的現(xiàn)象？問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.這30年來(lái)，U國(guó)汽車的總量呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì)。B.這30年來(lái)，U國(guó)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用顯著上升。C.2000年U國(guó)的交通事故數(shù)量明顯多于1970年。D.2000年U國(guó)實(shí)施的新交通法規(guī)比1970年的更為嚴(yán)格。E.這30年來(lái)U國(guó)汽車保險(xiǎn)金的上漲率明顯髙于此期間的通貨膨脹率。10.單選題有90個(gè)病人，都患難治疾病T，服用過(guò)同樣的常規(guī)藥物。這些病人被分為人數(shù)相等的兩組，第一組服用一種用于治療疾病T的實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物W素，第二組服用不含有W素的安慰劑。10年后的統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，兩組都有44人死亡。因此，這種實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物是無(wú)效的。以下哪項(xiàng)如果為真，則最能削弱上述論證?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.在上述死亡的病人中，第二組從發(fā)病到死亡的平均時(shí)間比第一組短兩年。B.在上述死亡的病人中，第二組的平均壽命比第一組小兩歲。C.在上述活著的病人中，第二組的病情比第一組的更嚴(yán)重。D.在上述活著的病人中，第二組的比第一組的更年長(zhǎng)。E.在上述活著的病人中，第二組的比第一組的更年輕。11.單選題Advertisesoftenaimtheircampaignsatyoungpeopleastheyhaveconsiderablespending（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.powerB.forceC.energyD.ability12.單選題Thedestructionofthetwintowers（

）shockandangerthroughouttheworld.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.summonedB.temptedC.provokedD.stumbled13.單選題Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ateaseB.atrandomC.inessenceD.insum14.單選題In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad（1）the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge（2）

fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread（3）inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave（4）theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,（5）someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,

（6）majorimporters—includingChinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld’spopulation—（7）risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral（8）ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto（9）

scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,

（10）howunpleasant,todoit.Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption,（11）thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,（12）someintheWestseeasanewthreat.CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil（13），achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,（14）costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.

（15）itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia（16）128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose（17）higherinthespringof2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama（18）forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto（19），assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems（20）thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.comeB.goneC.crossedD.arrived問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.intensityB.infinityC.insecurityD.instability問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatening問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.andB.whileC.thusD.though問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.lookforB.lockupC.sendoutD.keepoff問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlyifD.inspiteof問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroyingD.eliminating問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)A.interestsB.taxesC.incomesD.revenues問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplied問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairly問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)A.askingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)A.forB.fromC.acrossD.over15.單選題Tomysurprise,atyesterday’smeetingheagain（

）theplanthathadbeendisapprovedaweekbefore.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.broughtaboutB.broughtoutC.broughtupD.broughtdown16.單選題在西方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的蕭條期，消費(fèi)需求的萎縮導(dǎo)致許多企業(yè)解雇職工甚至倒閉。在蕭條期，被解雇的職工很難找到新的工作，這就增加了失業(yè)人數(shù)。蕭條之后的復(fù)蘇，是指消費(fèi)需求的增加和社會(huì)投資能力的擴(kuò)張。這種擴(kuò)張要求增加勞動(dòng)力。但是經(jīng)歷了蕭條之后的企業(yè)主大都喪失了經(jīng)商的自信，他們盡可能地推遲雇用新的職工。上述斷定如果為真，最能支持以下哪項(xiàng)結(jié)論?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇不一定能迅速減少失業(yè)人數(shù)。B.蕭條之后的復(fù)蘇至少需要兩三年。C.蕭條期的失業(yè)大軍主要由倒閉企業(yè)的職工組成。D.蕭條通常是由企業(yè)主喪失經(jīng)商自信引起的。E.在西方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)蕭條是解雇職工造成的。17.單選題Anationaldebateisnow（

）aboutwhetherweshouldreplacegoldenweekswithpaidVacations.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inthewayB.bythewayC.underwayD.outoftheway18.單選題Howseriouslyshouldparenttakekid’sopinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMeClain’skidshaveasingledemand:abackyard.ThatseeminglyreasonablerequestturnedtheChicagofamily’shomehuntupsidedown,asthereweren’tmanythree-bedroomapartmentsontheNorthSide—wherethefamilywaslooking—thatcamewithyardspace.Still,McClainandherhusbandchosetohonortheir4-and6-year-old’srequest.“Weworkedwithafewapartmentbrokers,anditwasstrangethatmanyofthemdidn’tevenknowiftherewasoutdoorspace,sothey’dbringustoanapartment.We’dseethatitdidn’thaveayard,andwe’dmoveon,”saidMcClain,whorunsMerryMusicMakersinLakeview,abusinessfocusedonmusiceducationforchildren.McClain’slittleonesaren’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,andinmanycasesyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.Renterspaidattentiontotheirkids’preferencesevenmore:83percentsaidtheirchildren’sopinionswillbeafactorwhentheybuyahome.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelpthemfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyanHooper,clinicalpsychologistinChicago.“Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,”hesaid.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome—withoutactuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,realestateattorneybasedinNewYorkandauthoroftheupcomingchildren’sbookHome,aboutthesearchfortheperfecthomefromtheviewpointofachild.Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhome—oraskingthemwheretheirtoyswouldgointhehouse—willmakethemfeellikethey’rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’taconsiderationforchildren,saidTraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.Shehasaclientwhohasbeenhouse-huntingforawhile,andhealwaysaskshisyoungchildrentheiropinion.Butwhenthisbuyerfinallydecidedtowriteanofferonahomewithapool,hischildrenburstintotearsbecausetheydidn’twantapool.“Theyendedupnotsubmittinganoffer,”Hampsonsaid.“Sospeakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butIwouldn’tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.”Theotherissueisthatmanychildren—especiallyolderones—maybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,whichtendtofocusonsuperficialaspectsofrealestate,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif.“TheyloveChipandJulieGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It’snotshelter,it’salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomessomeseriousmoneyconsequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,Norrissaid.Andwhiletheiropinionsonthoseelementsshouldn’treignsupreme,thehomebuyingprocesscouldbeatimetostarttalkingtokidsaboutmoney,budgeting,homeownershipandotherfinancialdecisions.Parentsalsoneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwithFitSmallB.“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow，”Gumersaid.“Harshasitmaybetosay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild’sopinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest—andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswanttoembracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.Today,wanna-behomebuyershavetobemoreopenwhenitcomestomust-havesandwhatyoucancompromiseon,Hampsonsaid.Andspeakingofcompromise:TheMcClainkids,hungryforoutdoorspace,fellinlovewithahomeintheNorthParkneighborhoodthathadalargeyard.Butitwasn’tidealbytheirparents’standards.ThefamilyendeduprentingahouseinNorthCenterthathadasmalleryard,butitwasstillbigenoughforplaytime.“IhadtodoabitofasalesjobwiththekidssincetheylovedtheyardinNorthPark,”McClainsaid.“Butthere’sahammocktheyloungeon,aspottojumprope,aplacetoplayinthesprinkler,andanareatowritewithsidewalkchalk.”1.RyanHopper（

）2.AdamBailey（

）

3.TraceyHampson（

）

4.AaronNorris（

）

5.JulieGamer（

）問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.notesthataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.B.believesthathomebuyingshouldbebasedonchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.C.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.D.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.E.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.F.advisethathomepurchaseshouldnotbebasedonlyonchidren’sopinions.G.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.notesthataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.B.believesthathomebuyingshouldbebasedonchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.C.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.D.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.E.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.F.advisethathomepurchaseshouldnotbebasedonlyonchidren’sopinions.G.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.notesthataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.B.believesthathomebuyingshouldbebasedonchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.C.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.D.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.E.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.F.advisethathomepurchaseshouldnotbebasedonlyonchidren’sopinions.G.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.notesthataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.B.believesthathomebuyingshouldbebasedonchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.C.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.D.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.E.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.F.advisethathomepurchaseshouldnotbebasedonlyonchidren’sopinions.G.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.notesthataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.B.believesthathomebuyingshouldbebasedonchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.C.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.D.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.E.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.F.advisethathomepurchaseshouldnotbebasedonlyonchidren’sopinions.G.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.19.寫作題Directions:Supposeyouareorganizinganonlinemeeting.WriteanemailtoJack,aninternationalstudent.1)invitehimtoparticipate,and2)tellhimthedetailsYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)20.寫作題Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Cortina和earlyexposure定位到文章第二段。首句提到Cortina認(rèn)為早接觸計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)有好處，下文中第三句具體說(shuō)到It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents“對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，轉(zhuǎn)變思維過(guò)程并不像對(duì)年紀(jì)較大的學(xué)生那樣困難”，notashardas正好對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的“makeiteasier”。換句話說(shuō)，早接觸計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的孩子會(huì)更容易轉(zhuǎn)變自己的思維，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段第二句“Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but‘wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin’”，高中生的課程設(shè)置是一樣的，但“我們?cè)囍屨n程適應(yīng)他們感興趣的東西。這里的we指代前面出現(xiàn)的TheFlatironSchool?？芍俣穼W(xué)校在位高中生授課時(shí)，考慮了他們的興趣。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由DeborahSeehorn定位到文章第五段，第三句說(shuō)到“Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage”，DeborahSeehorn相信，學(xué)生在熨斗學(xué)校習(xí)得的技能將適用于任何其他編程語(yǔ)言，也就是計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題屬于作者建議部分，最后一段中第四句說(shuō)到“Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter”，作者明確說(shuō)到，孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)就越好。C選項(xiàng)“為數(shù)字化的世界做好更充分的準(zhǔn)備”符合文意。5.詞義題。詞語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在文章最后，作者建議孩子們?cè)缃佑|計(jì)算機(jī)。coax后面的machine是指計(jì)算機(jī)，如何……計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)出他們想要的東西，A選項(xiàng)challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”、C選項(xiàng)frighten“恐嚇”和D選項(xiàng)misguide“誤導(dǎo)”顯然都不符合文意。B選項(xiàng)persuade“說(shuō)服”正確。2.【答案】E【解析】由已知條件可得，三個(gè)導(dǎo)師帶的學(xué)生數(shù)量應(yīng)是2、2、1的數(shù)量，由（1）可知，陸老師與陳老師為2人，張老師為1人。陳老師為2人代入（3）中，否定了后件，得到乙戊選陸，代入（2）中否定后件，得到丙丁選陳，則甲選張。所以正確答案為E項(xiàng)。3.【答案】D【解析】梳理論證結(jié)構(gòu)，前提：哲學(xué)不是一門具體科學(xué)；結(jié)論：經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)案不能反駁哲學(xué)。有重復(fù)項(xiàng)，優(yōu)先考慮搭橋，需要補(bǔ)上的就是：非具體科學(xué)→經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)例不能反駁，這樣邏輯才是連貫的，所以正確答案為D。4.【答案】A【解析】題干的信息無(wú)法直接推理，條件中，相對(duì)確定的條件為（1），所以可以從（1）開始假設(shè)，當(dāng)“施米特”是阿根廷常見姓氏時(shí)，會(huì)推理出“岡薩雷斯”既是愛(ài)爾蘭常見姓氏，也是盧森堡常見姓氏，發(fā)生了矛盾，所以假設(shè)不成立，得到：“施米特”是盧森堡常見姓氏。所以正確答案為A。5.【答案】E【解析】“胃底腺息肉”“胃癌”討論主體需一致，abcd無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。6.【答案】默默無(wú)聞、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)未必不能成為社會(huì)的道德精神作者通過(guò)一系列論證，得出“默默無(wú)聞、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)不能成為社會(huì)的道德精神”的結(jié)論，存在諸多邏輯缺陷，現(xiàn)分析如下：首先，文中試圖通過(guò)“一種德行必須借助大眾媒體的傳播，讓大家受其感染，并化為自覺(jué)意識(shí)”推出“然后才能成為社會(huì)的道德精神?！钡恼撟C歸于絕對(duì)。因?yàn)?，德行的傳播不一定要通過(guò)大眾媒體，也可以通過(guò)人們?nèi)粘５目诳谙鄠鬟M(jìn)行傳播，比如學(xué)習(xí)小組，實(shí)踐會(huì)等，都可以達(dá)到成為社會(huì)的道德精神。其次，文中認(rèn)為“無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的精神所以存在的行為特點(diǎn)是不事張揚(yáng)、不為人知。”無(wú)法推出“它就得不到傳播，也就不可能成為社會(huì)的道德精神”，因?yàn)?，無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)是不為人知，但并不代表做了奉獻(xiàn)就不能得到他人和社會(huì)的肯定，這兩者之間沒(méi)有必然的聯(lián)系。再次，作者試圖用“無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的善舉經(jīng)媒體大力宣傳后為更多的人所了解，這就從根本上使這一善舉失去了默默無(wú)聞的特性”無(wú)法推出“這一命題就無(wú)從談起了”，因?yàn)?，一個(gè)善舉得到宣傳讓更多的人知道，就是為了使其成為社會(huì)道德精神的一部分，這是一個(gè)過(guò)程，此處所占的角度不同，默默無(wú)聞是善舉的內(nèi)涵，這是宣傳本身是無(wú)法抹去的。最后，上文用“默默無(wú)聞的善舉一旦被媒體大力宣傳，當(dāng)事人必然會(huì)受到社會(huì)的肯定與贊賞，而這就是社會(huì)對(duì)他的回報(bào)”無(wú)法推出“既然他從社會(huì)得到了回報(bào)，怎么還可以說(shuō)是無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)呢”，原因在于，此處的回報(bào)犯了概念混淆的邏輯謬誤，做一件事情的回報(bào)是指做之前，當(dāng)事人的所求，而此處的“回報(bào)”并非此意，兩者含義完全不同，不能相提并論。綜上所述，材料的論證存在諸多不妥之處，無(wú)法證明其結(jié)論。7.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:A【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干關(guān)鍵詞thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepwork出現(xiàn)在文中第二段第1、2句。第一句指出“掌握深度工作有很多種方式”，第二句進(jìn)一步指出關(guān)鍵是“確定專注時(shí)間段，并堅(jiān)持下來(lái)”。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)專注時(shí)間段要持之以恒”符合題意。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarford出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第二句，舉例說(shuō)到講大學(xué)生分成兩組：月計(jì)劃組和日計(jì)劃組。第五段首句才明確指出該研究的結(jié)果，研究人員預(yù)測(cè)錯(cuò)誤。由此可知，作者用反面例子來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)：復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒(méi)有像期望那樣有效果。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。Newport和idleness出現(xiàn)在文章第七段第一句，引用人物原話，“[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone”，明確提出“怠惰對(duì)完成任何工作都必需的”。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由Pillay定位到文章第八段和第九段?！皁urbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused”出現(xiàn)在第八段第二句，句中說(shuō)到“當(dāng)我們的大腦在專注工作與放松休息之間轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，往往更加高效”，可知A選項(xiàng)“可帶來(lái)更高效率”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章第一段引用CalNewport的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明focuswithoutdistraction話題，說(shuō)到養(yǎng)成深度工作的習(xí)慣，下文展開說(shuō)明，并給出了多個(gè)高效工作的建議，也就是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)如何做更多的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。8.【答案】B【解析】已知不是“特品”，代入（2）中，否后否前，得到這幅畫不是稀品，不是名品；再代入（1）中，否后否前，得到不是“完品”，不是“真品”。所以正確答案為B項(xiàng)。9.【答案】B10.【答案】A【解析】論點(diǎn)：試驗(yàn)藥物無(wú)效論據(jù)：兩組病人，一組使用實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物W素，另一組使用不含W素的安慰劑，10年后兩組都有44人死亡a削弱論據(jù)，直接證明，力度強(qiáng)b削弱論據(jù)，平均壽命有可能受到其他因素影響，比如年齡，力度弱c削弱論據(jù)，力度弱d支持，因?yàn)樗幬餆o(wú)效所以一組死亡更高e它因無(wú)法判斷11.【答案】C12.【答案】A13.【答案】B14.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C第6題:B第7題:D第8題:A第9題:B第10題:A第11題:B第12題:C第13題:D第14題:D第15題:A第16題:B第17題:A第18題:C第19題:A第20題:C【解析】1.邏輯關(guān)系及詞義辨析題。由上句可以推斷出空格前的it指代上句中的thepriceofoil。從語(yǔ)義上看,空格后的$100和上句中的$16是照應(yīng)的,都指石油價(jià)格,且二者明顯存在很大差異。因此,該處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)能與the$l00abarrelmark構(gòu)成合理搭配的及物動(dòng)詞。C選項(xiàng)crossed意為“越過(guò),跨過(guò)”,是及物動(dòng)詞,代人文中表示“突破了每桶100美元的大關(guān)”,符合語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義,故為正確答案?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為不及物動(dòng)詞,后不能直接加賓語(yǔ);A選項(xiàng)come意為“來(lái)”,代入文中,無(wú)法與the$100abarrelmark構(gòu)成合理搭配,故均排除。2..固定搭配題。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格所在句的主干為Thereasons…from…to…,說(shuō)明空格處需要一個(gè)可以與from…to…相搭配的動(dòng)詞:結(jié)合語(yǔ)義可知,這里是表述油價(jià)上漲的原因,空格后列舉了兩個(gè)原因(中國(guó)和印度經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)與石油生產(chǎn)地區(qū)廣泛存在的),rangefrom…to…意為“從……到………變動(dòng)”,符合語(yǔ)境,因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A選項(xiàng)covered意為“覆蓋,包括”,不能與其后的from…to…結(jié)構(gòu)相搭配,故可排除;B選項(xiàng)discovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))和C選項(xiàng)arranged(安排)代入句子中,語(yǔ)義不通,故均可排除。3.詞義辨析題。本題所在句是表述油價(jià)上漲的兩個(gè)原因(中國(guó)和印度經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)、伊拉克和尼日利亞三角洲地區(qū)在內(nèi)的石油生產(chǎn)地區(qū)廣泛存在的)。由常識(shí)可知,伊拉克和尼日利亞角洲地區(qū)長(zhǎng)期局勢(shì)不穩(wěn)定,D選項(xiàng)instability(不穩(wěn)定性)符合語(yǔ)境,故為正確答案【干擾項(xiàng)分析】雖然其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是名詞,符合空格處的語(yǔ)法特征,但A選項(xiàng)intensity意為“強(qiáng)度”,B選項(xiàng)infinity意為“無(wú)限”,代入語(yǔ)境,語(yǔ)義不通,因此排除。C選項(xiàng)Insecurity意為“不安全感;擔(dān)心”,側(cè)重于人的心理感受,與石油生產(chǎn)地區(qū)這一表物的主體不相符,故也排除。4.邏輯關(guān)系及詞義詞析題。從句法判斷,空格處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,與have一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),說(shuō)明高漲的油價(jià)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治版圖已經(jīng)造成了影響。結(jié)合本句后面oldnotionsofpower和ー段6句中的thisneworder可知,油價(jià)上漲使得世界格局發(fā)生了変化,將B選項(xiàng)redrawn(重新繪制)代入句中,意為“三位數(shù)的油價(jià)重新繪制了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治版圖”,符合上下文語(yǔ)義,因此是正確答案【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A選項(xiàng)drawn意為“繪制,畫畫”,不能體現(xiàn)世界政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)版圖已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化,故于以排除。C選項(xiàng)retained意為“保留,保持”,與下文的語(yǔ)義相悖,因此排除。結(jié)合本文首段②句可知,到2008年油價(jià)突破了每桶10美元大關(guān),因此此前油價(jià)并未達(dá)到三位數(shù),故D選項(xiàng)reviewed(回顧;復(fù)習(xí)),不符合題意,屬于干擾項(xiàng)。5.詞義辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)皆為現(xiàn)在分詞形式,可以確定空格所在短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是作主句的狀語(yǔ),可能表示隨著重新繪制世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治版圖發(fā)生的變化,因此oldnotionsofpower(原有的權(quán)力觀念)應(yīng)該也隨之發(fā)生了改變,所以答案應(yīng)該與“使改變;推翻;挑戰(zhàn)”相關(guān)。另外,空格后的名詞短語(yǔ)可以幫助我們確定空格處的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞。C選項(xiàng)challenging(挑戰(zhàn))符合以上條件,因此為正確答案?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】B選項(xiàng)struggling意為“掙扎;拼搏”,A選項(xiàng)fighting意為“戰(zhàn)斗:打架”,D選項(xiàng)threatening意為“威脅;使危險(xiǎn)”,雖然這三個(gè)詞都可以作及物動(dòng)詞,但是代入原文后與原文文意不符,因此均予以排除。6.邏輯關(guān)系題。空格處連詞表示前后兩個(gè)分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,空格前后句子的主語(yǔ)分別為“Oil-richnations(石油儲(chǔ)量豐富的國(guó)家)”和“Importers(進(jìn)口國(guó))”,兩個(gè)分句中的賓語(yǔ)分別為“gainsandopportunities(收益和機(jī)遇)”和“risingeconomicandsocialcosts(不斷增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)成本),”前后形成明顯對(duì)比,所以兩個(gè)分句是對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。B選項(xiàng)while表對(duì)比,符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系,故正確。【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A選項(xiàng)and表示并列機(jī)示關(guān)系已理意為“因此”,表示因果關(guān)系;D項(xiàng)though意為“盡管”,表示讓步關(guān)系,三個(gè)選項(xiàng)皆不符合兩個(gè)分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,因此都排除。7.詞義辨析題。由上題可知,空格所在分句與while之間的分句之間為對(duì)比關(guān)系;while前的分句提到石油儲(chǔ)量豐富的國(guó)家正享受收益和機(jī)遇,那么空格所在分句應(yīng)闡述的是石油進(jìn)口國(guó)面臨的問(wèn)題。D選項(xiàng)confront意為“面對(duì),遭遇”,后面常接不愉快的人或事情,符合語(yǔ)境?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】A選項(xiàng)confine意為“限制”,不符合語(yǔ)境:B選項(xiàng)conflict(沖突)是不及物動(dòng)詞:C選項(xiàng)conform(遵守)代入文中,不符合語(yǔ)境,因此都排除。8.詞義辨析題。空格所在句子中的thisneworder(這種新格局)指的是上一段提到的由于油價(jià)上漲面改變了的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治格局和不同國(guó)家的不同境遇,因此如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種新格局是全球需要解決的問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)problem意為“需要解決的問(wèn)題,有待解決的問(wèn)題”,符合文意,為正確選項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】B選項(xiàng)question也有“問(wèn)題“的意思,側(cè)重于“需要被回答的問(wèn)題”,不符合文意。C選項(xiàng)matter常指“重要的事情”,而D選項(xiàng)event則指“發(fā)生過(guò)的事情:具有影響力的重大事件”,都不符合文意,因此均排除。9.詞義辨析題,本句的意思是“需要石油的國(guó)家相互勾心斗角,以期緊缺的石油供給”。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入句中,可見B選項(xiàng)lockup(鎖起來(lái),藏起來(lái)——在文中可以引申為“掌控”的意思)比較適合語(yǔ)境,為正確答案。【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A選項(xiàng)lookfor意為“尋找”,但賓語(yǔ)scarcesupplies意為“緊缺的石油供給”,不符合語(yǔ)境。C選項(xiàng)sendout(派;:發(fā)送)和D選項(xiàng)keepoff(避開,遠(yuǎn)離)都與文意相悖,因此排除。10.邏輯關(guān)系題。空格后面的how提示正確選項(xiàng)必須是能與之搭配的短語(yǔ)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)