2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi?humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.thetruthmakesmenfreeB.peoplecanprotectthemselvesC.princesarehumanD.leadershavetobeconsistent問題2選項(xiàng)A.anyoneinpowerB.electedofficialsC.aristocratsD.sonsofkings問題3選項(xiàng)A.tootrustingB.reliantonforceonlyC.strongandpowerfulD.lackinginforce問題4選項(xiàng)A.admiredforhistrickeryB.nomatchforthelionC.pitiedforhiswilesD.consideredworthless問題5選項(xiàng)A.beprudentandfaithfulB.cheatandlieC.haveprincipletoguidehisactionsD.followthetruth2.單選題Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat（）welltohumanneeds.問題1選項(xiàng)A.adheresB.conformsC.satisfiesD.reflects3.單選題Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean（）.2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas（）.3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit（）.5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.unaffectedbyB.hurtbyC.unlikelytobeseenbyD.unknownby問題2選項(xiàng)A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical問題3選項(xiàng)A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.問題4選項(xiàng)A.isagainstthelawB.canmakesomepeopleirritableC.isanuisanceD.isadangertopeople’shealth問題5選項(xiàng)A.unimportantB.impossibleC.awasteofmoneyD.essential4.翻譯題AsApplepreparestoreportwhat(analystsproject)maybethecompany’sfirstyear-over-yearquarterlyearningsdeclineinadecadeonTuesday,itisalsograpplingwithjitteryinvestorsandarecentshare-priceplungethathaswipedabout$280billionoffitsmarketcapitalizationsinceitsstockreachedahighof$702.10lastSeptember.（1）MuchoftheinvestornervousnessisrootedinhowWallStreetistreatingandvaluingtheCupertino,Calif.,companyasatraditionalhardwaremaker.OnecampofanalystsandsomeinvestorssaidthereisstrongevidencethatAppleshouldbeviewedinadifferentlight:asasoftware–hardwarehybrid.Thedistinctionmatters.Ifitcontinuestobeseenasahardwarebusiness,Apple’sstreak—drivenbyproductsliketheiPhoneandiPad—couldrunoutquicklyassmartphonesandtabletsgetcommoditizedandconsumertasteschange.（2）ItisalessonlearnedbycompanieslikeBlackBerry-makerResearchInMotionLtd.,whosetechhardwarewasquicklyeclipsedbyproductsfromAppleitself.IfAppleisclassifiedasasoftware-hardwarehybrid,thecompanycouldbevaluedmorelikeInternetandsoftwaremakersthathaverecurringrevenuestreamsandthatoftentradeathigherprice-to-earningsratiosthanhardwarefirms.“ThemarketviewsAppleasaconsumerhardwarecompanytiedtoproductcyclesthatdrivevolatilerevenueandearningsstreams,’’saysMorganStanleyanalystKatyHuberty.（3）Butthatviewisn’tcomplete,shesays,since“ApplecustomersbuyintoabrandthatofferseaseofusesimilartocompanieslikeAorenterprisecompanieslikeNetApp.”AnApplespokesmandeclinedtocommentaheadofTuesday’searningreport.WithWallStreetcategorizingAppleasahardwaremaker,investorsvaluethecompany—whichmadeanastounding$13billioninprofitsinthequarterendedinDecember—at8.6timesexpectedearningspershareforthenext12months.InvestorsarecurrentlyvaluingHewlett-PackardCo.,whichmade$1.2billioninprofitsduringitsmostrecentquarter,ataprice-to-earningsratioof5.6.TroubledPCmakerDellInc.,whosestockpriceinflatedaftersigningabuyoutdealearlierthisyear,tradesataP/Eratioof8.5.Apple’sgrossmarginsarearound40%,animportant-measureofthecompany’sefficiencyatmakingmoney.ThatisroughlytwiceashighasH-P’sandDell’s.Applehascharacteristicsthatdifferfrommanyotherhardwarebusinesses.（4）ItscustomersoftenupgradetheirAppleproductsannually,farmorefrequentlythanthefour-yearPCupgradecyclestypicallyfoundattechhardwarebusinessesincludingHewlett-PackardorDell.WhileH-PandDellhavetriedbeefinguptheenterprisesoftwaresideoftheirbusiness,Apple’soperatingsystemandiTunessoftwareisalreadyubiquitous.（5）Applealsohasmorethan500millionaccountsforitsAppStoretiedtocreditcards—andacustomerbasetosellnewservicesto—givingitarecurringsoftwareandservicesrevenuestream.Appletookinrevenueof$3.7billionfromiTunesandothersoftwareandservicesinitslastquarter,or7%ofitstotalrevenue.5.單選題Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（）concernofstategov-ernments.問題1選項(xiàng)A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive6.單選題

Theriverwas（）withindustrialwastefromthenearbyfactory.問題1選項(xiàng)A.IrradiatedB.contaminatedC.corruptedD.fragmented7.單選題TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscents（）efficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.enhanceB.amplifyC.magnifyD.foster8.單選題Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（）bytheformermilitaryruler.問題1選項(xiàng)A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant9.單選題Theystoodgazingatthehappy（）ofchildrenplayinginthepark.問題1選項(xiàng)A.perspectiveB.viewC.landscapeD.scene10.單選題Somepracticalis（）desirableforcandidatesinterestedinapplyingforthisjob.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exploitB.adventureC.initiativeD.experience11.單選題Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare（）toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.問題1選項(xiàng)A.boundB.unpreparedC.hesitantD.likely12.單選題ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe（）fromfalltowinter.問題1選項(xiàng)A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer13.單選題Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.問題1選項(xiàng)A.cumulativeB.destructiveC.turbulentD.prevalent14.單選題

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancial（）forthenextfiscalyearwasoptimistic;theyexpectincreasedtaxrevenues.問題1選項(xiàng)A.outlookB.oversightC.notionD.subject15.單選題Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda（）againstclosingtheswimming-pool.問題1選項(xiàng)A.petitionB.perceiveC.partitionD.participation16.單選題Pleaserefrain（）smoking.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fromB.ofC.atD.against17.單選題Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.問題1選項(xiàng)A.activatedB.alleviatedC.deterioratedD.mediated18.單選題Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto（）themselveswiththeneedsoftheruralmarket.問題1選項(xiàng)A.adhereB.acknowledgeC.acquaintD.activate19.單選題Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.問題1選項(xiàng)A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating20.單選題Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fineB.graveC.genuineD.haphazard第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.推理題。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一種方法是不夠的，還要使用第二種方法）。D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”符合題意。2.推理題。根據(jù)文章推斷,“Prince”指代的是A項(xiàng)“任何掌權(quán)的人”。3.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis，由此推測lion僅有力量但不能保護(hù)自己免入陷阱。因此B項(xiàng)正確。4.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fox”定位至第二段：Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.由此可知，狐貍是狡猾的，而且作者對此持肯定態(tài)度。因此A項(xiàng)正確。5.推理題。第二段指出：Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist…thosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest。因此作者認(rèn)為，精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該向狐貍學(xué)習(xí)，善于偽裝。B項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析。adheres堅(jiān)持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies滿足，使?jié)M意；reflects反射，考慮。句意：電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介，它（）人們的需求。從語義上來說，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以,但是satisfy是及物動詞，排除。conformto意為“符合，遵照，順應(yīng)”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)“immuneto”定位至其后面一句：Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds（盡管我們似乎通過忽視噪音來適應(yīng)噪音，但實(shí)際上，耳朵永遠(yuǎn)不會關(guān)閉，身體仍然會做出反應(yīng)），由此推斷我們不可能不受噪音的影響，選項(xiàng)A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影響”。2.文章最后一段提出：為什么人們沒有對噪音問題更為警醒，并且后面給出了若干猜測的理由，都指出了人們對噪音問題不夠重視，說明作者十分關(guān)注噪音對人類的健康產(chǎn)生的影響，因此C項(xiàng)正確。3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意為：噪音已經(jīng)成為一個普遍的問題，但是人們并沒有重視噪音對人體健康產(chǎn)生的危害。選項(xiàng)C表示“噪音是一個主流問題，但并沒有被充分意識到”符合題意。4.文章指出：噪音會對人體的身心健康產(chǎn)生危害，并且圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開，因此D選項(xiàng)“對人們的健康是一種威脅”符合題意。5.最后一段指出：人們對噪音對健康的危害不夠重視，并且噪音和疾病以及殘疾之間的關(guān)系并沒有得到證實(shí)，由此推斷，作者認(rèn)為對噪音的研究是有必要的，可以以此喚醒人們對此的注意，故選項(xiàng)Dessential“有必要的”符合題意。4.【答案】1.大部分投資者的緊張情緒源于華爾街將加州庫比蒂諾的（蘋果）公司定位和評價為傳統(tǒng)硬件制造公司。2.很多公司例如藍(lán)莓制造商RIM公司都受到了教訓(xùn)，他們的硬件技術(shù)很快就被蘋果自主研發(fā)的產(chǎn)品淘汰。3.但是這種觀點(diǎn)是不全面的，她說，因?yàn)椤疤O果用戶購買的是一個品牌，它可以為他們提供類似于亞馬遜或者NetAPP這樣的企業(yè)所提供的便捷服務(wù)”。4.該公司的用戶經(jīng)常會每年都更新他們的蘋果產(chǎn)品，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了包括惠普或戴爾在內(nèi)的技術(shù)硬件企業(yè)中普遍存在的四年更新一次個人電腦的頻率。5.在它的APP商店里，蘋果擁有超過5億個綁定了信用卡的賬戶，以及一個可以銷售新服務(wù)的客戶群，這給它帶來一個循環(huán)性軟件和服務(wù)的收入流。5.【答案】D【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：一般來說，國家邊境問題是政府關(guān)心的問題。extinct滅絕的；excluding除……外，不包括；excessive過度的，過分的；exclusive獨(dú)有的，專一的。D項(xiàng)exclusive獨(dú)有的，專一的符合句意，在這里表示“專門的，特別的”。6.【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這條河被來自附近的工業(yè)廢料（）。irradiate輻射；contaminate污染；corrupt使腐敗，使墮落；fragment分裂，使成碎片。由題意可知這條河被工業(yè)廢料污染了，B選項(xiàng)“污染”符合句意。

7.【答案】A【解析】動詞辨析。enhance提高；amplify放大；magnify贊美，夸大；foster培養(yǎng)。句意：日本科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，香味能（）辦公室工作人員的工作效率并減緩壓力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.【答案】A【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：最初的選舉由前軍事統(tǒng)治者宣布。Void無效的；vulgar庸俗的；surplus多余的；extravagant奢侈的。因此，A項(xiàng)void符合句意。9.【答案】D【解析】名詞近義詞辨析。句意：他們站在那兒，凝視著在公園里玩耍的孩子們的快樂場景。perspective遠(yuǎn)景，透視圖；view視野，風(fēng)景；landscape風(fēng)景，風(fēng)景畫；scene特定地點(diǎn)的景色，場景。D項(xiàng)在表示場景時，場景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活動，所以本題選D。10.【答案】D【解析】名詞辨析。句意：對于有興趣申請這份工作的候選人來說，一些實(shí)用

是可取的。exploit功績，功勛；adventure冒險；initiative主動權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神；experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意：毫無疑問，地球上存在的資源將會枯竭。但是科學(xué)家認(rèn)為

在不久的將來會發(fā)現(xiàn)新的資源。bound有義務(wù)的；unprepared沒有準(zhǔn)備好的；hesitant有疑慮的；likely可能的。此處，belikelyto為固定搭配，意為“可能做某事”。故選D。

12.【答案】C【解析】名詞辨析。句意：我很喜歡季節(jié)變更，但是我最喜歡的時間是秋冬的。transmission傳遞；transformation變形，轉(zhuǎn)化；transition轉(zhuǎn)變，過渡時期；transfer遷移、傳遞。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。13.【答案】B【解析】形容詞辨析。cumulative積累的；destructive破壞性的，毀滅性的；turbulent騷亂的，混亂的；prevalent普遍的。句意：颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng)，其（）力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析。句意：城市規(guī)劃委員會表示，他們對下一個財政年度的財務(wù)前景持樂觀態(tài)度；他們預(yù)計稅收會增加。

15.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析。句意：數(shù)百名當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈炇鹆艘环莘磳﹃P(guān)閉游泳池的請?jiān)笗?。因此選A。

16.【答案】A【解析】短語辨析。句意：請勿吸煙。Refrain和from搭配為固定短語，意為“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

17.【答案】B【解析】句意：這種藥（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A選項(xiàng)activated觸發(fā)；B選項(xiàng)alleviated減輕，緩解；C選項(xiàng)deteriorated使惡化；D選項(xiàng)mediated調(diào)解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。此處為固定搭配，acquaintwith意為“熟悉，了解”。

19.【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析。句意：最近報道了很多案例：孩子們總是以前在電視上見過的暴力行為。modify修改，修飾；duplicate復(fù)制，重復(fù)；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；stimulate刺激。B項(xiàng)duplicate在此可譯為“模仿”。20.【答案】D【解析】動詞辨析。句意：起初，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果似乎是偶然的，但最終出現(xiàn)了一種模式。因此選D。

第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenover-looked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeoftheworld’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheeurozoneasawhole——arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalfoftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelasttwodecades.EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowthcomedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosGavalleandIarguedinarecentreport,TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChina”overthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicad-vantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters;it’salsomarriage.AtleastintheWest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamilyintheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried；thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremiums”intheirin-come,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Rus-sia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomen，researchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathome;rather,thesizeoffamilies，andtheirstabilityandquality，hasimportantimplicationsforthehealthoftheglobale-conomy.1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat（）.3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans（）4.Fromthepassageweknowthat（）5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT（）問題1選項(xiàng)A.womenshouldbearmorechildreninordertoboosttheeconomyB.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomyC.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivityD.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury問題2選項(xiàng)A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyearsB.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommoditiesC.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyearsD.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole問題3選項(xiàng)A.itsworkforcepausestogrowB.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfastC.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadilyD.itsworkforcegrowsslowly問題4選項(xiàng)A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlifeB.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhaveC.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamiliesD.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren問題5選項(xiàng)A.thesizeoffamiliesB.thestabilityoffamiliesC.thequalityoffamiliesD.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies2.寫作題Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.3.單選題Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.intelligibleB.obscureC.dimD.conspicuous4.單選題Paperbacknovelsinthe1940’sand1950’softenhad

coverstoattractreaders’attention.問題1選項(xiàng)A.murkyB.luridC.legitimateD.pale5.單選題TheSupremeCourt（）thejudgmentofthelowercourt.問題1選項(xiàng)A.amplifiedB.affirmedC.ascendedD.applauded6.單選題TheexpeditionhasleftfortheAndesandthereisno（）whenitwillreturn.問題1選項(xiàng)A.informingB.reportingC.knowingD.advising7.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude8.單選題Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved?Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareerbecause（）3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?問題1選項(xiàng)A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexesB.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuousC.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofcultureD.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes問題2選項(xiàng)A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestionB.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyearsC.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchangingD.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles問題3選項(xiàng)A.preferableB.prevalentC.presumableD.precedent問題4選項(xiàng)A.femalepassivityisnaturalB.menandwomenarephysicallyidenticalC.menareborncompetitiveandaggressiveD.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired問題5選項(xiàng)A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.C.Financialincentives.D.Desireforasociallife.9.單選題Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto（）2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat（）.3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans（）4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict（）.5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（）'問題1選項(xiàng)A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocietiesB.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocietiesC.distinguishbetweentwokindsofoppositionD.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation問題2選項(xiàng)A.itresultsinwarinmostcasesB.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritoryC.itisakindofoppositiona