湘西土家族擺手舞的活態(tài)傳承研究

湘西土家族擺手舞的活態(tài)傳承研究

摘要

湘西土家族擺手舞是中國(guó)少數(shù)民族非常有特色的一種傳統(tǒng)舞蹈形式，具有濃郁的民族風(fēng)格和文化內(nèi)涵，是中華民族文化寶庫(kù)中的珍品之一。本文基于實(shí)地調(diào)研和文獻(xiàn)資料分析，就湘西土家族擺手舞的歷史、演變、舞蹈形式、舞蹈意義作了全面系統(tǒng)地介紹，剖析了其活態(tài)傳承的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題，并提出了加強(qiáng)保護(hù)與傳承的建議。最后，本研究認(rèn)為，要加強(qiáng)對(duì)湘西土家族擺手舞的研究和記錄，加大宣傳力度，培養(yǎng)更多的擺手舞表演者，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的教育，以提高人民對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)和保護(hù)意識(shí)，共同保護(hù)和傳承這一重要的文化遺產(chǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：湘西土家族；擺手舞；文化傳承

Introduction

Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroupinwesternHunanProvinceisatraditionaldanceformwithuniquenationalcharacteristicsandculturalconnotations.ItisoneofthetreasuresintheChineseculturaltreasury.Thehand-wavingdanceoriginatedfromthecustomsofTujiaethnicgroupandhasalonghistory.Thedancewasprimarilyusedasawaytoprayforgoodharvestsandtocelebratefestivals,andisimportantintheculturallifeoftheTujiapeople.Danceisanartformthatcannotbeseparatedfromitsculturalcontext.Thispaperdescribesthehistory,evolution,danceforms,anddancemeaningsofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroupinwesternHunanProvince.Basedontheanalysisoffieldresearchandliterature,thepaperalsoexaminesthestatusquoandproblemsoftheactiveinheritanceoftraditionalculture,andputsforwardsuggestionstostrengthenprotectionandinheritance.

1.Historyandevolutionofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroup

ThehistoryoftheTujiaethnicgroupinChinacanbetracedbacktotheancientChuStateintheSpringandAutumnperiod.TheTujiapeoplehavealonghistoryandrichculturalheritage.Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgrouphasevolvedinthelong-termpracticeoftheTujiapeople,andhasauniquestyleandculturalconnotation.Thehand-wavingdanceisanimportantcarrierofTujiaculture,whichreflectsthelonghistoryandrichculturaltraditionsoftheTujiapeople.

Theoriginsofthehand-wavingdanceisrootedinthespirituallifeandfestivalsoftheTujiaethnicgroup.Thedancewasoriginallyawayofcelebratingtheharvestandprayingforgoodluck.Thecoreofthehand-wavingdanceisthe"ninesounds"dance.The"ninesounds"referstothesoundofdrums,cymbals,gongs,andotherinstruments,whichareaccompaniedbychantsandsongs,creatingafestiveandlivelyatmosphere.

Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgrouphasundergoneseveralchangesduringitslonghistory.Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,thedancehasgraduallybeenincorporatedintothelivesofpeopleinamoreformalway.Overtime,thedancehasbeensimplifiedandstreamlined,butatthesametime,itsculturalessenceandrichhistoricalheritagehavebeenpreserved.

2.Danceformsofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroup

Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroupisdividedintotwotypes:thegroupdanceandthesolodance.Thegroupdanceisperformedbymanypeople,whilethesolodanceisperformedbyasingleperson.Thedanceischaracterizedbybold,unrestrained,andunrestrainedmovements,withastrongsenseofrhythmandmusic.

Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroupisperformedintraditionalcostumes.Thecostumesarebrightandvaried,reflectingtheuniqueaestheticsandfashionsenseoftheTujiaethnicgroup.Thewomen'scostumesareboldandbeautiful,whilethemen'scostumesaresimpleandelegant.ThecostumesaredesignedtoreflectthestyleofthedanceandtheculturaltraditionsoftheTujiapeople.

3.Dancemeaningsofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroup

Thehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgrouphasarichculturalconnotationandiscloselyrelatedtothedailylife,customs,andbeliefsoftheTujiapeople.Thehand-wavingdanceisanexpressionoftheTujiapeople'suniquespiritualbeliefs,whichintegratestherelationshipbetweenpeople,nature,andtheuniverse.

ThedancesymbolizestheTujiapeople'srespectfornatureandancestors.ThelivelyandjoyfulmovementsofthedanceexpresstheTujiapeople'sjoy,happiness,andspiritofunityandcooperation.Bydancingthehand-wavingdance,theTujiapeoplemaintaintheirspiritualconnectionwiththeirancestorsandmaintaintheirculturalidentity.

4.Statusquoandproblemsoftheactiveinheritanceoftraditionalculture

Inrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentofmodernsocietyhasbroughtnewchallengestotheinheritanceoftraditionalculture.Theactiveinheritanceofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroupisfacingmanyproblems.First,theyoungergenerationislosinginterestintraditionalculture,andtherearefeweropportunitiesforyoungpeopletolearnandpracticethehand-wavingdance.Second,thedevelopmentofmoderntechnologyhasweakenedtheappealoftraditionaldance,andtheyoungergenerationismoreinterestedinmoderndanceandmusic.Third,theincreasingcommercializationoffolkculturehasledtothedistortionandcommercializationoftraditionalculturalheritage,andthehand-wavingdanceisnoexception.Finally,limitedattentionfromthegovernmentandsocietyonculturalheritageprotectionhasledtoalackofeffectiveprotectionmeasuresfortraditionalculture.

5.Suggestionsforstrengtheningprotectionandinheritance

Tostrengthentheprotectionandinheritanceofthehand-wavingdanceoftheTujiaethnicgroup,wemustfirstincreasetheawarenessofthepublicandsocietyabouttheimportanceofculturalheritageprotection.Thisrequirespromotingculturaleducationandincreasinginvestmentinculturalheritageprotection.Secondly,weneedtostrengthenthecollectionandresearchoftraditionalculturalresources,increasethedocumentationofthehand-wavingdance,andestablisharchivesanddatabasesoftraditionaldancecultureandculturalheritage.Thirdly,weneedtoenhancethepromotionandmarketingofthehand-wavingdance,establishprofessionalassociationsandorganizationstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeoftraditionaldanceskills.Fourthly,wemustencourageandsupporttheyoungpeopletoinheritandcontinuetodevelopthehand-wavingdancetradition.Thiscanbeachievedthrough