2023年考研考博考博英語福建師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫答案

2023年考研考博考博英語福建師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Ithoughttheboatonlyheldsix.Howdidyou（

）sevenseats?問題1選項(xiàng)A.reserveB.deserveC.preserveD.reverse2.單選題Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fadesB.decreasesC.retreatsD.shrinks3.單選題（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ProvidedthatyoucooperatedwithusB.ProvidedthatyouwillcooperatewithusC.ProvidedthatyouhavecooperatedwithusD.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus4.問答題Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).5.單選題Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conformB.confirmC.confineD.confront6.問答題With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.7.單選題Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.問題1選項(xiàng)A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct8.單選題Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.問題1選項(xiàng)A.correspondenceB.equationC.proportionD.dimension9.單選題Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct（

）.

4.Theword“l(fā)eniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.問題2選項(xiàng)A.inherentlygoodB.subjecttoexteriorinfluenceC.geneticallydeterminedD.originallyevil問題3選項(xiàng)A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplicationsB.contributetotheresistancetoinnersinC.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonestyD.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness問題4選項(xiàng)A.honestlyB.falselyC.tolerantlyD.subjectively10.單選題Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.optimumB.optionC.orientationD.preference11.單選題Toomuchtimehas（

）sincetheystartedtalkingontheissue.問題1選項(xiàng)A.elapsedB.occupiedC.circulatedD.detached12.單選題Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed13.單選題Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby（

）.2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?問題1選項(xiàng)A.drawingananalogyB.makingacomparisonC.listingspecificexamplesD.explainingaphenomenon問題2選項(xiàng)A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.問題3選項(xiàng)A.determiningone’ssocialstatusB.showingone’sattitudeC.exchangingpersonalfeelingsD.signalingtheendofafight問題4選項(xiàng)A.Hidingtheirfaces.B.Puffingouttheirchests.C.Raisingtheirarms.D.Removingtheirclothing.14.單選題Thelaughterathisjokesisneverforced,butalways（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.spontaneousD.instantaneous15.單選題Peoplecannotbut（

）puzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.問題1選項(xiàng)A.feelB.feelingC.tofeelD.havingfelt16.單選題Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.obligationB.convictionC.instructionD.presentation17.問答題

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).18.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Beforeyougottheideathateconomicsisrelevantonlyforpoliticsorbusinesses,weshouldmentionthateconomicsfocusesonallthechoicespeoplemakeandthepersonalandsocialconsequencesofthesechoices.Webelievethatwhenyoufinishthisbook,youwilljoinusintheviewthattheeconomicwayofthinkingoffersvaluableinsightintooureverydayinteractionswithoneanother—producing,consuming,votingandstrivingforthegoodlife.Oneseemedtoknowlittleaboutthebook,butagreatmanypeopleknewapparentlythat"Peggy"wasatworkonsomethingandthatwasenoughtobringcordial,eveninsistent,recommendationtotheirlips.Makingamoviecostsmuchmorethancuttinganalbum.Soastheworldbecomericher,therelativemarketshareofHollywoodmovieswillprobablefallmorethantherelativemarketshareofAmericanpopularmusic.Itisverydifficulttoagreeonthepriceforsharestobeboughtbecausethepurchasingpartywilllackthenecessaryinformationastothefinancialstatusandothercharacteristicsoftheshare-issuingcorporation,andbecausethenetvalueoftheshareswillchangeconstantlyfromthedateoftheagreementtothedateofclosing.19.單選題Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainaloneaboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,two-waymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecution,andthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingof-fences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（

）.3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thereisa“shrinkage”inmarketvalues.B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.問題2選項(xiàng)A.arementallyillB.arequiteabsent-mindedC.cannotresistthetemptationD.cannotaffordtopayforgoods問題3選項(xiàng)A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpovertyB.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpayingC.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarketsD.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings問題4選項(xiàng)A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.D.Theprofessionalsdon’tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.問題5選項(xiàng)A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores"B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops"C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople20.單選題Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisershowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（

）.

3.Causesoffashionare（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance.B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldageC.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashionD.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion問題2選項(xiàng)A.confidenceinlifeB.personaldressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture問題3選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable問題4選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality問題5選項(xiàng)A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。reserve意為“預(yù)定，預(yù)約，保留”；deserve意為“應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受”；preserve意為“保護(hù)，保存”；reverse意為“使反轉(zhuǎn)，顛覆”。句意：我以為這船上只能載六個(gè)人。你怎么預(yù)定了七個(gè)位置呢？2.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。fade意為“變暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意為“減少，降低”；retreat意為“撤退，后退”；shrink意為“收縮，縮小”。句意：穿一件比你平時(shí)穿的大一點(diǎn)的襯衫，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)材料洗過后會(huì)縮水。3.【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬，從句：If主語+過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句：主語+should/would/could/might+videdthat意為“假如，設(shè)若”。句意：假如你和我們合作，警察就不會(huì)起訴你的。4.【答案】試題答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。as...as意為“與……一樣”，hismovements（他的動(dòng)作）不能與ayoungman（年輕人）進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)與ayoungman’smovements比較，為了避免重復(fù)，此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改為ayoungman’s。5.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。conform意為“遵守，遵從，服從”；confirm意為“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)”；confine意為“限制”；confront意為“面對(duì)”。句意：在任何一個(gè)文化環(huán)境中的絕大多數(shù)人都會(huì)遵守那種文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。6.【答案】試題答案：A;By

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們說的是一個(gè)……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。endangered意為“快要絕種的”；domesticated意為“馴化了的”；indigenous意為“本地的，土生土長的”；extinct意為“滅絕的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（這里所有的動(dòng)物都是從外地引進(jìn)的）可知前面表示這個(gè)地區(qū)的動(dòng)物不是土生土長的，選C。句意：我了解到這個(gè)地區(qū)沒有真正本土的動(dòng)物，這里所有的動(dòng)物都是從外地引進(jìn)的。8.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規(guī)?！薄＞湟猓合鄬?duì)于它的尺寸來說，我認(rèn)為大修這個(gè)設(shè)備所花的費(fèi)用并不過分。9.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（幾乎人人都會(huì)欺騙他人，雖然通常只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。這也是DnanelAriely的新書《不誠實(shí)的事實(shí)》中的主題之一）可知B選項(xiàng)“我們不太可能真正誠實(shí)”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在過去的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，大多數(shù)西方人都會(huì)認(rèn)定自己從根本上是墮落的罪人）可知選D，西方傳統(tǒng)文化認(rèn)為人性本惡。3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成為一個(gè)欠佳的人，但總體上是一個(gè)好人就足夠了）可推測在goodpersonconstruct結(jié)構(gòu)下人們對(duì)自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要講的是關(guān)于誠實(shí)的話題，那么人們也就不那么誠實(shí)了，因此選C。4.詞義題。honestly意為“誠實(shí)地”；falsely意為“虛偽地，不實(shí)地”；tolerantly意為“寬容地，包容地”；subjectively意為“主觀地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鑒于我們在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我們大多數(shù)人都會(huì)……衡量自己）可知我們會(huì)用欺騙的手段合理化自己行為，因此排除A、D選項(xiàng)；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我們給自己的定位是好人，可排除B選項(xiàng)，因此選C。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果，最適宜條件”；option意為“選擇權(quán)，選擇（的自由）”；orientation意為“方向，定位”；preference意為“偏愛，喜愛”。句意：她可以選擇進(jìn)入研究生院或開始她的職業(yè)生涯。11.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。elapse意為“（時(shí)間）消逝，過去”；occupy意為“使用，占用”；circulate意為“循環(huán)，傳播”；detach意為“分離，拆開”。句意：自從他們開始討論這個(gè)問題以來，已經(jīng)花了太多時(shí)間。12.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impair意為“損害，削弱”；promote意為“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”；accelerate意為“加快，增速”；smash意為“打碎，打破”。句意：繁重的工作和營養(yǎng)不良損害了他的健康，他看上去又瘦又蒼白。13.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。類比（drawingananalogy）指將兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較，由文章第一段可知作者是將動(dòng)物與人兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象，其對(duì)勝利的表現(xiàn)都是相同的進(jìn)行比較，因此選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些在勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)中，來自不同文化的人們展示出一成不變的勝利姿態(tài)和由若干固定成分組成的羞愧表情。這其中包括盲人運(yùn)動(dòng)員，甚至還是先天失明的）可知C選項(xiàng)“來證明其驕傲和羞恥的本能反應(yīng)”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.（人們要夸耀他們的成就，確保他們的地位和社會(huì)群體的認(rèn)同。同樣地，羞愧表現(xiàn)出對(duì)失利的接受和對(duì)繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗的不情愿，也很可能是一種順從的表現(xiàn)）可知這些都是對(duì)態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)，因此選B。4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.（研究表明來自于這些地方的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員抑制了反應(yīng)，而這種反應(yīng)與控制恥辱表現(xiàn)的社會(huì)行為規(guī)范相一致）可知A“把他們的臉藏起來”屬于抑制自己反應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)，因此選A。14.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。homogeneous意為“同性質(zhì)的，同類的”；simultaneous意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生的，同時(shí)存在的”；spontaneous意為“自發(fā)的”；instantaneous意為“瞬間的”。句意：他講笑話時(shí)人們從來不是被迫笑的，而是自發(fā)的笑。15.【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。cannotbutdosth.意為“不得不做某事，禁不住做某事”，but后面接動(dòng)詞原形，因此選A。句意：人們情不自禁地感到困惑，因?yàn)樗麄兏緹o法理解他怎么會(huì)犯這樣一個(gè)愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。16.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。obligation意為“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”；conviction意為“定罪，深信”；instruction意為“授課”；presentation意為“提交，報(bào)告”。句意：學(xué)校承諾將班級(jí)縮小，并提供更加個(gè)性化的授課。17.【答案】試題答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意為“使相信，說服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb.beconvincedthat...本句為：you...becomeconvincedthat...18.【答案】在你認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)只與政治或企業(yè)相關(guān)之前，我們應(yīng)該指出，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)關(guān)注的是人們所做的所有選擇，以及這些選擇對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的影響。我們相信，當(dāng)你讀完這本書時(shí)，你會(huì)跟我們有一樣的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為以經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式來思考會(huì)為人們各種日常交流提供寶貴的洞察力，包括生產(chǎn)、消費(fèi)、選舉和為好生活的奮斗。一個(gè)人似乎對(duì)這本書知之甚少，但許多人顯然知道“佩吉”在做些什么，這足以給他們帶來熱忱的，甚至是迫切的推薦之言。制作一部電影比剪輯一張專輯要貴得多。因此，隨著世界變得更加富裕，好萊塢電影的相關(guān)市場股票可能會(huì)比美國流行音樂相關(guān)市場股份下降得更多。由于購買方缺乏關(guān)于股票的財(cái)務(wù)狀況和股票發(fā)行公司其他特征的必要信息，所以很難就購買股票的價(jià)格達(dá)成一致。而且，由于股票的凈值從交易之日到交易結(jié)束之日是不斷變化的。19.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.（由于商店所說的“收縮”，誠實(shí)的公眾不得不支付更高的價(jià)格）可知是“shrinkage”是原因，“shrinkage”是指前面的shop-lifting（店內(nèi)盜竊）導(dǎo)致商場的損失，為了彌補(bǔ)損失，因此誠實(shí)的顧客需要比以前付出更高的價(jià)格，因此選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.（店內(nèi)盜竊可分為三大類：專業(yè)竊賊，深思熟慮的業(yè)余竊賊和那些無法控制自己的竊賊）可知C選項(xiàng)“抵擋不住誘惑”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.（還有數(shù)不清的其他人，由于年齡、疾病或明顯的心不在焉，干脆忘了為他們從商店拿走的東西買單）可知B選項(xiàng)“可能沒付錢就拿走商品”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.（專業(yè)竊賊傾向于在安全措施最嚴(yán)格的部分商店購買高價(jià)值商品。而且，在任何情況下，它們只占因盜竊而造成的總損失的一小部分）可知A選項(xiàng)“總損失的大部分是由專業(yè)竊賊造成的”不正確，注意題干中問的是“NOTtrue”，因此選A。5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.（這是又一個(gè)例子，無辜的大多數(shù)因?yàn)樯贁?shù)人的行為而受到懲罰和不便。由于每百萬名乘客中就有一名乘客攜帶武器登上飛機(jī)，因此其他999，999名乘客必須接受搜查和延誤）可知此處指“店內(nèi)盜竊”與“飛機(jī)劫持事件”所帶來的后果在本質(zhì)上一樣的，耽誤了多數(shù)守法的人的時(shí)間，損害了他們的利益，因此選C。20.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流）可知C選項(xiàng)“很難忽視時(shí)尚”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認(rèn)識(shí)新的人，并且能夠自信地、毫不尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有時(shí)是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時(shí)尚）可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚變化的原因是多變的，沒有特定的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)“無法解釋的”最為恰當(dāng)。4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會(huì)更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性化，因此選D。5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項(xiàng)“在正式場合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.問題1選項(xiàng)A.heavingB.raisingC.ascendingD.floating2.單選題Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.問題1選項(xiàng)A.successiveB.succeedingC.subordinateD.subsequent3.問答題We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.4.單選題Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.問題1選項(xiàng)A.mustB.shouldC.canD.may5.單選題Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preventedB.restrainedC.hinderedD.refrained6.單選題Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.問題1選項(xiàng)A.needn'tdressupB.didnotneedhavedressedupC.didnotneeddressupD.needn'thavedressedup7.單選題Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme（

）shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.問題1選項(xiàng)A.eversinceB.muchasC.eventhoughD.ifonly8.單選題TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum（

）oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.問題1選項(xiàng)A.reservationsB.reservesC.potentialsD.reservoirs9.問答題Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).10.單選題HowmuchRobertSmith（

）,thegoalstayedunattained,buthestillwouldn'tgiveup.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inspiredB.endeavoredC.distressedD.confused11.單選題Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.takeonB.takeupC.takeoutD.takeover12.單選題Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.問題1選項(xiàng)A.multiplyingB.breedingC.magnifyingD.generation13.單選題About50yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportswasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStrokeMandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStrokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportsforthedisabled.Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginningsthingsdevelopedfast.TeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStrokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome.