Unit 4 Discovering useful strutures 課件高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

InfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbialB3U4

GrammarLearningObjectivesGraspthebasicusageoftheinfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbial.Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofwork_________(do).todo

Themeeting__________(hold)innextmonthiscanceled.tobeheld判斷以下不定式作什么成分1....peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace，andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.Forexample，America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace...目的狀語后置定語目的狀語目的狀語5.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.6.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003...7.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.8.Morerecently，ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.后置定語后置定語后置定語目的狀語to

do作定語1.動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。1.今晚我們有許多作業(yè)要做。Wehavemuchhomework________(do)tonight.2.明年將要完工的機(jī)場將有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.。todotobecompletedto

do作定語2.名詞前有first，last，next，theonly等詞或最高級修飾時，其后要用動詞不定式作定語。她是第一位在奧運(yùn)會上獲得金牌的女性。Shewasthefirstwoman________(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.towinto

do作定語3.抽象名詞attempt,ability,ambition,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,chance,time,courage,effort,failure,offer,promise,right,wish,reason,way或不定代詞something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語。1.

詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesire_____（do)usefulwork.2.現(xiàn)在是上課的時間了。Nowitistime________(begin)ourclass.todotobeginto

do作定語4.當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系時。1.

我們必須找一個人來做這項(xiàng)工作。Wemustfindaperson______(do)thejob.2.老師給我們留了許多道題要解答。Theteacherleftusalotofproblems__________(solve).3.目前布朗先生有重要的事情要處理。MrBrownhassomethingimportant_____________atpresent.todotosolvetodealwith注意：1.動詞不定式作定語時，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。2.如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要跟相應(yīng)的介詞。3.動詞不定式與所修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系時，若句中有其邏輯主語或者是說話人做該動作時，用主動形式表示被動意義；若沒有其邏輯主語或說話人不做該動作，則用被動形式。Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要寫。(“我”寫)Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.老婦人有一封信要寫。(老婦人自己不會寫信，是讓別人幫忙寫)即學(xué)即用：單句語法填空①Ourtouralsoincludesachance_______(walk)inthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)②Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty

(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)③Hehasnopentowrite

.④OnSundays，healwayshasalotofletters

_______(write).⑤YoumightthinkthatwithallthesedangerousanimalsAustraliaisanunsafeplacetolive___

orvisit.⑥D(zhuǎn)oyouhaveanything

_______(do)tonight?⑦Thebestway____________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.to

walkto

beheldwithto

writeinto

doto

improveto

do作狀語1.表示目的,其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。為了畫好地圖，你需要一支特殊的鋼筆。A.Todrawmapsproperly,aspecialpenisneeded.B.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.為了不上課遲到，我們最好快點(diǎn)。Wehadbetterhurryup______________________________.總結(jié)1：不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。inorder/soasnottobelateforclass1.

昨天她去醫(yī)院看望了她爺爺。Shewenttothehospital________________hergrandfatheryesterday.2.

為了趕上別人，這個聰明的年輕人一直非常努力地工作。_______________________others，theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard.to/inorderto/soastosee

To/Inordertokeepupwith

總結(jié)2：在作目的狀語的不定式前，常加上inorder或soas，但soas不能位于句首?？偨Y(jié)3：當(dāng)動詞不定式(短語)有自己的執(zhí)行者時，需用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)forsbtodo作狀語。他打開門以便孩子們進(jìn)來。Heopenedthedoor

_______________________.forthechildrentocomein我們穿戴整齊以便早點(diǎn)動身。Wedressedupinorderthat/sothatwecouldstartearly.→

Wedressedup______________________________.inorderto/soastostartearly總結(jié)4:動詞不定式(短語)作目的狀語可以與目的狀語從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語作狀語。to

do作狀語2.表示結(jié)果,通常用于一些

結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.

他還沒有聰明到做那件事的程度。Heisnotsointelligent__________

that.2.

這名宇航員如此勤奮，結(jié)果他取得了巨大成就。

（such）Theastronautis________________________________greatachievements.3.

你有足夠的錢買電腦嗎？（enough)Doyouhave___________________acomputer?astodo

suchahard-workingpersonastomakeenoughmoneytobuy

4.這個女孩已經(jīng)長大了，可以獨(dú)立地做自己的事情了。（enough）Thegirlis___________________herownthingsindependently.5.加利福尼亞號到得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。(too)TheCalifornianshiparrived__________________morepeople.6.他匆忙趕到代理處，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理已經(jīng)離開了。(only)Hehurriedtotheagency，____________themanagerhadleft.7.她出國了，再也沒回來。（never）Shewentabroad______________.oldenoughtodo

toolatetosave

onlytofind

nevertoreturn總結(jié)：動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)so＋形容詞/副詞＋astodo如此……以至于……(2)such＋形容詞＋名詞＋astodo如此……以至于……(4)too＋形容詞/副詞＋todo太……而不能……(5)不定式短語表示結(jié)果時，常與only,never連用，暗示一種意外的結(jié)果。to

do作狀語3.表示原因,通常用于一些結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.聽到你缺乏耐心我很失望。I’m______________________youlackthepatience.2.我非常高興地得知你在比賽中獲得了一等獎。Iammorethan_________________thatyouhavewonthefirstprizeinthecontest.disappointedtohear

delightedtohear

總結(jié)1：常用于“主語(人)＋系動詞＋形容詞/過去分詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞和過去分詞有：sorry，surprised，astonished，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。to

do作狀語1.Theexperiment____________carryout.這個實(shí)驗(yàn)很難進(jìn)行。2.I______________________，soIwillbefitfortheposition.我很容易相處，因此，我適合這個職位?？偨Y(jié)2：常用于“主語(物/人)＋系動詞＋性質(zhì)形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，動詞不定式和句子主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系，但常用主動形式表示被動意義。3.表示原因,通常用于一些結(jié)構(gòu)中。isdifficultto

ameasytogetalongwith

IimmediatelycalledSally1.

themisunderstanding.Aftergettingthrough，Iwassoguilty2._______

.Shesaidsoftly，“Nevermind.Ialsohavethestrongdesire3.

.”

Iwastoomoved4.

.Fromthenon，Ideterminedtotrustmylovedones，becausealittlemistakecanbeseriousenough5.__________

.Afterall，trustistheeasiestthingintheworld6.

.to/inorderto/soastoexplainastoapologizetohersincerelytomakeupwithyoutocontrolmytearstoendourpreciousfriendshiptoloseReviewⅠ.單句語法填空1.Theplumtreesarethefirst___________(flower)evenasthesnowismelting(融化).(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)2.Withalotofwork_______(do)，shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.3.Pleasegivemesomepapertowrite____.4.__________(save)energy，weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.toflowertodoonTosave5.However，ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway____________(practice)ourdebatingskills.6.We’renevergoingtohaveenoughtime___________(explore)everything!7.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only________(find)itdidn’tfit.8.Iboughtsomeyoungtrees_________(plant)onthehill.9.Thebuilding______________(build)nextyearwillbeagym.10.Therearestilllotsofproblems_____________(deal)with.topracticetoexploretobedealttobebuilttofindtoplantIhavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgood______(be)backinthecityagain.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________（go)intothespace.togoThisallowsvisitors___________

(experience)arealtasteofChina.toexperienceAlthoughscientiststry________(make)surenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Mydreamis______

(live)amoremeaningfullife.tolivetobeOver300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworld_______

(seek)theirfortune.toseektomake不定式作賓語agree/disagreetodosth.offertodosth.intendtodosth.plantodosth.demandtodosth.asktodosth.promisetodosth.decidetodosth.choosetodosth.hopetodosth.wanttodosth.expecttodosth.pretendtodosth.managetodosth.daretodosth.failtodosth.refusetodosth.seemtodosth.determinetodosth.help

(to)

do

sth不定式作賓補(bǔ)advise

sbtodosthallowsbto