高三英語(yǔ)作文概要寫(xiě)作上課用“十校聯(lián)賽”一等獎(jiǎng)

summary?WritingHowtowritea

WelcomeWhatisaSummary?Asummaryisashortaccount

giving

themainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.Summary

1.Focusonmainideasandomit(省去)examples,

details.(注重大意，省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié))2.Whenyouusethewordsandphrasesintheoriginalpassage,donotincludeyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourown

wordsinsteadofcopyingthem..(引用原文的詞句,不能添加自己的見(jiàn)解，但是要用自己的語(yǔ)言概括）3.Writeitinthe

thirdperson.（第三人稱）4.Controlthenumberofwordsabout30(20-40).寫(xiě)作步驟確定主題句尋找關(guān)鍵詞重構(gòu)/改造主題句重組支持句具體方法定時(shí)態(tài)Thepassagetellsusthat…定人稱：一般用第三人稱（書(shū)信則用第一、第二人稱）定技巧：1重組句2段落概括3文章概括重組句1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient/impatient.2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正話反說(shuō)法Youwillfail.=Youwill____________.becausenotsucceed3)Changethepartofspeech詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法*Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceis__________________.**Thewritermadeavividdescriptionofthebeautyunderthesea.→Thewriter___________thebeautyunderthesea.ofgreatimportancevividlydescribed4)Changethestructureofasentence句式變化法*語(yǔ)態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshould________morepraise.**簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句： Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster..begivenwhich5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but,and,so,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren

__________scoldingthem.6)Changetheorderofthewords.詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.insteadofPatiencethesecretofsuccess1.Asamatteroffact,I’lldowhatIcantopullhimthrough.

____________,I’ll______topullhimthrough.2.Zhouqu,whichwascalledthemostbeautifulplaceinGanshu,wasdestroyedbymud-rockflowsinonenight.

Zhouqu,________________________inGanshu,wasdestroyedbymud-rockflowsinonenight3.Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.

________was___________________.Task1:

Rewritethesentences.ActuallytrythemostbeautifulplacePatiencethesecretofsuccess(同義替換法)（句式變換法）(語(yǔ)序改變法）4.Thefloodscutoffnotonlytheroadbutalsothecommunication.Thevillagerscouldn’tmakecontactwithpeopleoutside.

Thevillagerscouldn'tmakecontactwithpeopleoutside__________thefloods.5.Whathehadsaidleftadeepimpressiononthechildrenpresent.

Hiswordsdeeply_________thechildrenpresent.6.ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.MoreandmorepeopleprefertheInternetshopping.（使用精而短的銜連詞）(改變?cè)~性)（句意理解法）becauseofimpressed

Task1:Findouthowtocompress(精練)paragraphsSkill1:Omit(省略)thedetailsSkill2:OmittheexamplesSkill3:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具體的)wordsSkill4:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech(間接引語(yǔ))段落概括Example:Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips:1.Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.2.Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparoundthehouse.Pleasefollowtheexampletochoosetheproperskillfromtheones.>>Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.Skill1:Omitthedetailseg:Sometimes,kidsdon’tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressinamodernway,yourmumdoesn’tlikeyouwearingamini-skirt.Whenyouaremakingphonecallstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou’respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

>>Itisquitenaturalthatchildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromtheirparents.Skill2:Omittheexamples.eg:KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul.It’snotatallgoodforyou!”P(pán)aulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingcardboardorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”>>KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeatlesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

Skill4:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.4.eg:ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.>>Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.Skill3:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具體的)words.Task2:findouthowtosummarizethewholepassage①段意合并法②要素串聯(lián)法③主題概括法

1.Fillintheblanks.2.Matchthemainideawiththeproperskill.記敘文◆寫(xiě)作方法—串聯(lián)要素法寫(xiě)作方法—串聯(lián)要素法記敘文的概要,一般包括記敘文的六個(gè)要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六個(gè)要素,然后用自己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可。當(dāng)然,不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個(gè)要素,但“某人做了某事,結(jié)果如何”是應(yīng)當(dāng)包括的。因此,要寫(xiě)好概要,須找到以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案：(1)誰(shuí)做了什么？(whodidwhat)(2)結(jié)果如何？(whatwastheresult)如果是夾敘夾議的文章,還要加上這個(gè)故事給人們的啟示或教育。narrationthesixelementsofanarrativepassage

whowhenwhere

What

(event)How(process)whyHi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneedtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Iloveit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.Thestudent’sUnionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasondanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway—itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.thesixelementsofanarrativepassage

who

When/where/What

How(process)Atfirst:

Then:

Atlast:

why

MikeHisfirstyearofcollegetoughest…adjustmentgotusedtoitlovethecollegelifeGethimselfactiveinthingsThewriterMiketellsushisexperienceinthefirstyearofcollegeinthepassage.Atfirst,withouthismother’stakingcareofhim,hefeltittoughtoadapttothelifethere.Butafterhegothimselfactiveinthingsandmadesomefriends,hegotusedtohiscollegelifeandevenlovedit.Tryit!議論文◆寫(xiě)作方法

議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論,因此寫(xiě)議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(thetopicsentences)、支撐句(supportingsentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusionsentences)。其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。概要模板：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)Whenwemeetwithdifficultiesinlife,wenoticethatsomeofuschoosetoburyheadsinthesand.Unfortunately,however,thisattitudewilldoyounogood,becauseifyouhavenocouragetofacethem,howcanyouconquerthem?Thus,beoptimistic;asitcangiveyouconfidenceandhelpyouseeyourselfthroughthehardtimes.Keepingoptimistic,youwillbeabletorealize,inspiteofsomehardship,there’salwayshopewaitingforyou,whichwillleadyoutotheultimatesuccess.ThomasEdisonisoptimistic;ifnot,thelightofhopeinhisheartcouldnotgivelighttothewholeworld.AlfredNobelisoptimistic;ifnot,theexplosivesandtheNobelPrizewouldnothavecomeintobeing.Arosemaybebeautiful,ormaybenot.Thatdependsonyourattitudeonly.Sodoessuccess,andsodoeslife.Difficultiesdoexist,butifyouareoptimistic,thentheyareonlyepisodes(插曲)onyourlongwaytosuccess;therearemorebridgesthanobstacles!ThegreatBritishpoetShelley’slinessay,“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?Bygivingexamplesoftwosuccessfulscientists,theauthorsuggeststhatwhenmeetingwithdifficultiesinlife,insteadofpretendingthattheydon’texist,weshouldholdanoptimisticattitude,whichcangiveusconfidence.Thereasonisthatitdependsontheattitudewhetherwecan/Onlyinthiswaycanweconquer/overcomedifficultiesandachievesuccessintheend.說(shuō)明文◆寫(xiě)作方法

我們根據(jù)說(shuō)明文的不同類(lèi)型,分別給出三種參考模板：1.描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功用+利好”：

(Inthepassage)thewriterintroduces...(對(duì)象)tous,especiallyits...(性質(zhì)或功用),fromwhichweknow...(對(duì)象帶來(lái)的利好).2.針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施。即“問(wèn)題+解決方法”：

Thepassagetellsus...(問(wèn)題),andthesolutionsincluding...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).3.介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果”：

(Thepassagetalksabout)...(現(xiàn)象),because/but...(原因/本質(zhì)1),and...(原因/本質(zhì)2).在高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)中,多為說(shuō)明某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的說(shuō)明文。特別提醒：

Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodonothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.Secondly,don’tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestatintervalssoastorelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrestforeyes.Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses.Stayawayfromsmoking.Someingredients

incigarettesarecarcinogenesis(致癌的).Lastbutnotleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestocheckoutthepotentialeyediseaseandpreventitsdeterioration(退化).Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandoneshouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations(刺激)andensurelongevity[解題過(guò)程]

本文在指出眼睛重要后,緊接著提出問(wèn)題“為保護(hù)眼睛,我們可以做些什么呢”,然后分點(diǎn)說(shuō)明應(yīng)該做些什么。因此,我們可以套用“問(wèn)題+解決方法”模式：

Oureyesareimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtotakecareofoureyes,

includingeatinghealthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequenteyeexaminations.寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep,soIgotaladderfromtheshedinthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwasalmosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,“Idon’tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.”IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.”“SodoI,”answeredthepolicemaninthesametone.“Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihatetointerruptamanwhenhe’sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?”“Well,I’dprefertostayhere,”Isaid.“Yousee,I’veforgottenmykey.”“Yourwhat?”hecalled.“Mykey,”Ishouted.Fortunately,theshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthepolicemanhadstartedtoclimbtowardsme

Summary:Onarrivinghomeatabouttwo

inthemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifebythedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butwasfoundby

apoliceman.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.Skill:

②要素串聯(lián)法（常用于記敘文）

Studentsshouldthinknowaboutwhatextracurricular(課外的)activitiesthey'dliketoparticipatein.Participatinginextracurricularactivitiesmayhelpyoudeepenyourphysical,creative,social,political,andcareerinterestsbybringingyouintocommunicationwithotherlike-mindedpeopleyoudidn’tpreviouslyknow. Youcanjoingroupsasawaytogetsupportfromotherstudents.Acluborgroupcanalsobeagreatwaytomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.Lotsofyouthprogramsbringpeopletogetherwiththosewhoaredifferentasawaytobreakdownthebarriersbetweenpeople.Participatinginextracurricularactivitieshelpsyouinotherways,too.Itlooksgoodoncollegeandjobapplicationsandshowsadmissionsofficersandemployersyou'rewell-roundedandresponsible.Specificactivitieshelpwithspecificgoals. Themostbasicreasonforjoiningacluborteamisthatitgivesyousomethingbettertodothanstaringatthewall,wanderingthehall,orsleepingallafternoon.Peoplewhoareparticipatingarelesslikelytopickupbadhabits,likesmokingordrinking.

Theauthor(Thepassage)talksaboutthebenefitofextracurricularactivities.

Firstofall,itisagoodwaytowidenthestudents’socialcircle(或helpstudentsmakefriendswithotherpeople).Besides,ifwehaveparticipatedinlotsofactivities,itwillgiveagoodimpressionontheemployerwhenweapplyforalob.Aboveall,takingpartinextracurricularactivities,studentsaremorelikelytoliveahealthierlife.Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadvertisementsgivereliableinformationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristomakeasensiblechoicewhenhebuyssomething.Itisusefulinthatitletshimknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.Printedadvertisementsdothisjobbest.Customerscancollectthemandcomparethem.Theycanbetakenalongtotheshopsandtheirstatementscanbecheckedagainstandactualgoodsintheshops.

Someadvertisementsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelpingthecustomertosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantthings.Theysetouttomakeusbelievethatwhattheyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prettier,morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.ThevoiceonTVsays,“GetawaypeopleuseXYZpetrol.”Thescreenshowsapictureofpetrolpumpforafastexpensivecarownedbyaboywithaprettygirlfriend.Theydriveofftothewonderfulcountryoralovelybeach.Somepeoplemayfeelthatclever,successfulpeopleuseXYZpetrol.Somemightchoosethatpetroleverytimetheyfilluptheircars.

Summary:Advertisingcanbeusefulwhenitprovidescustomerswithreliableinformation，withwhichtheycandosomecomparisonbeforetheybuythegoodtheyreallyneed.However,

someadvertisementsarenotthecaseastheyareproducedonlytopersuadecustomerstobuywhattheydon’tneed.

Skill:①段意合并法(topicsentencesorkeywords，ifnotopicsentences)

PartIII.概括大意時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)事項(xiàng)1.不可忽略,忘記寫(xiě).概括要點(diǎn)占5分.2.不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文.(但可以靈活地抄，特別對(duì)基礎(chǔ)差的同學(xué))3.不可加入自己的觀點(diǎn).必須忠于原文、忠于作者.4.不要概括太廣，缺乏針對(duì)性，也不要只針對(duì)原文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)太狹窄.5.不要用列舉、描繪性語(yǔ)言當(dāng)成概括性語(yǔ)言.6.不要只用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)概括.或?qū)懙锰嗑渥樱▎卧~）。7.要注意文體特征.文體不同,概括的方式也不同.8.不要把概括跟下文寫(xiě)成一起。（即要求分段）9．不要用序號(hào)標(biāo)概括和下文，注意概括和下文構(gòu)成一個(gè)不可分隔、完整的文章。10.卷面書(shū)寫(xiě)要求如下：1)貼底線書(shū)寫(xiě)，保持字母大小基本一致，字母主體部分占行線約一半大小為宜；2）單詞間距保持基本一致，一般為1個(gè)字母的空間；3）錯(cuò)詞只用一條橫線或斜線劃掉，盡量不要重復(fù)涂寫(xiě)同意字母或單詞；4）每段前空格約4個(gè)字母的空間。Howtowritecomposition正文部分2.摘要后過(guò)渡語(yǔ):在寫(xiě)完摘要之后,要有過(guò)渡詞或過(guò)渡句,才使上下文自然銜接記敘文的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)(引出類(lèi)似的經(jīng)歷)Thisstoryremindsmeofanotherstorythathappenedto…Thisstoryremindsmeofasimilarexperienceof…Ialsowentthroughsuchanexperience.Ihaveasimilarexperience.….have/hasasimilarexperienceas….如何提高作文檔次(1)表達(dá)精練簡(jiǎn)潔:表達(dá)不要羅嗦,若能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)就不要用定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句.(2)避免低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤:避免語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,避免被扣印象分.(3)保證賞心悅目:注重字體的美化,保持卷面整潔,提高印象分.(4)句子錯(cuò)落有致:根據(jù)表達(dá)需要,交叉使用長(zhǎng)句與短句,簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句.(5)句式多種多樣:多樣化句式,方能顯示較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言功底,大大提高作文檔次.多樣化句式(1)用itis/was…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句式.(2)用作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的完全倒裝句或用以onlyinthisway等開(kāi)頭的部分倒裝句.(3)用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))作狀語(yǔ).(4)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化狀語(yǔ)從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu).(5)用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句.(6)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).(7)恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用感嘆句,被動(dòng)句等.(8)適當(dāng)使用插入語(yǔ),如tobehonest,Iguess,Ithink,personally等.(9)盡量用短語(yǔ)代替單詞來(lái)表達(dá)同樣的意思.(10)恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ),除使用復(fù)合句的連詞外,寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常用到的關(guān)聯(lián)詞:舉例:forexample;forinstance,suchas等列舉:foronething…andforanother…一來(lái)…,二來(lái)…等.轉(zhuǎn)折:however(然而),but(但是),afterall(畢竟)等.總結(jié):inaword(總之),inbrief(總之),inconclusion(最后)等.因果:thanksto,asaresult(of…),dueto,therefore,so等.強(qiáng)調(diào):indeed(確實(shí)),certainly(一定),aboveall(尤其)等.對(duì)比:inthesameway(同樣地),justas(正如),comparedwith…(與…相比),ontheonehand…andontheotherhand…一方面…,另一方面….等.遞進(jìn):then(然后),besides(此外,還有),what’smore(而且)等.備考策略:1.打好詞匯語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)2.閱讀注意概括要點(diǎn)3.關(guān)注社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn),學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)想法4.每天一篇作文訓(xùn)練(25分鐘)5.積累“萬(wàn)能”句型,寫(xiě)作常用到的正確句型.6.建立詞句“錯(cuò)題集”7.保證卷面整潔美觀豐富的句式：(常用到的句型結(jié)構(gòu)）利用不同的句型來(lái)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，能增加文章的文采。e.g.What

akindboyheis!

How

disappointedhewas!

感嘆句強(qiáng)調(diào)句e.g.It

wasthisyoungboythat

helpedtheoldgranny.Idohopeyoucancomeifpossible.e.g.Onlyinthiswaycanyou

solvethisproblem.There

comesthepolicecar.

Hardly

hadtheygottothestation

when

theymettheyoungman.e.g.Theyreadwhilewalkingorridingonabus.Cometomeifnecessary.e.g.Isawayoungladywalkingslowlyinthestreet

withahandbaginherhand.倒裝句省略句with短語(yǔ)e.g.Inmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewherewecan

findmuchusefulinformation.