unit2 Earth and Environment第二單元地球與環(huán)境

Unit2EarthandEnvironmentPartIWarmingUpTrainingfocus:Selectinformation:“What,who,how”innewsitems.desertification:theprocessofbecomingdesert(asfromlandmismanagementorclimatechange)沙漠化oilspill:油輪漏油Oilspillisanenvironmentaldisasterwhichkillsfishandbirdsaswellaspollutesthesea.油輪漏油污染海水,殺死魚、鳥,是環(huán)境的大災害

TheFloridaEvergladesisasubtropicalmarshlandlocatedinthesouthernportionoftheU.SstateofFlorida.blaze:火焰;火災;熊熊燃燒Severalhouseshadbeenburnttothegroundwhentheblazewasputout.大火撲滅時,好幾間房子已全部燒毀。Greenland:格陵蘭島AnislandofDenmarkinthenorthernAtlanticOceanoffnortheastCanada.ItisthelargestislandintheworldandliesmostlywithintheArcticCircle.InhabitedbyInuitpeoplesasearlyas3000B.C.,itwasdiscoveredbytheNorwegiannavigatorErictheRedinthetenthcenturyA.D.,becameaDanishcolonyin1815,andwasgrantedhomerulein1979.Keys:1.impactofclimatechange,damagetocrops,worse2.2000delegates,northernBrazil,thirdUnitedNationsConferenceonDesertification3.ahugeoilspill,Mexico4.Wildfires,Florida,contained,aweek5.Greenlandismeltingaroundtheedges,50cubickilometers,raiseglobalsealevelB:reptilespecies:ananimalthatcrawlsormovesonitsbelly(asasnake)oronsmallshortlegs(asalizard)爬行動物;爬蟲類aerialoffensive:空氣傳播侵害directory:電話號碼簿，公司實名錄compensate:補償,彌補deformity:deformity:whenapartofthebodyhasnotdevelopedinthenormalwayorwiththenormalshape畸形(或殘缺)的部分[C]adeformityofthehand手的畸形salamander蠑螈,火蜥蜴alligator短吻鱷xeriscaping

節(jié)水型園藝sawgrass:鋸齒草,莎草eradicate:摧毀,完全根除,消滅,杜絕amphibian:

ananimal,suchasafrog,whichlivesbothonlandandinwaterbutmustlayitseggsinwater

兩棲動物poppy:罌粟TheWorldConservationUnion(IUCN):世界自然保護聯盟Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Reptilespeciesareingreatertroublethanamphibianspecies.Anewapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade.Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally–aware,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages.”PartIINews

ReportAvibrancy:活躍,活力Ilikethevibrancyofhercharacter.我喜歡她的活潑性格。coralreef:珊瑚礁glacier:冰河

Daimler-Chrysler:isaprominentautomobileandtruckmanufacturer,formedin1998bythebuyoutoftheChryslerCorporation(USA)byDaimlerBenz(Germany).克雷斯勒公司

ShellOil:ShellOilCompanyisoneofAmerica'sleadingoilandnaturalgasproducers,naturalgasmarketers,gasolinemarketersandpetrochemicalmanufacturers,andtheleadingoilandgasproducerinthedeepwaterGulfofMexico.殼牌石油

Listentothesecondnewsreport.Supplythemissingwordswhilelistening.Washingtontheinformationeconomydeterioratinghealthoftheplanetinformationeconomyeducationandentertainmentphysicalexamvitalsignsspeciesclimatetemperatureswatertablesglaciersforestsfisheriestostabilizebothclimateandworldpopulationgrowth1.Australiaistheworld’sdriestcontinent.There’sgeneralagreementthatthecountryhastousewatermoreefficiently.Inmanypartssuppliesareincrisis.AtameetinginCanberra,theCouncilofAustralianGovernmentshasapprovedanationalwaterplan.Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Theamountofwatertakenfromriversforcommercialuseistobecutandfarmerswillbecompensated.2.Thedisappearanceanddeformityofamphibianssuchasfrogsandsalamandersfromrainforestsandmountainlakesworldwidehasattractedwide-spreadscientificattentionoverthelastdecade.Nowanewstudysaysreptilespeciesincludingturtles,snakes,andalligatorsareinevengreatertrouble.Twiceasmanyreptilesasamphibians,orsome100species,arecurrentlylistedasendangeredbytheWorldConservationUnion.Thestudysayshabitatlossanddegradation,pollution,disease,climatechange,andover-collectionforfood,petsanddrugsarethemajorthreattoreptiles.3.FourregionalgovernorsfromColumbia,onavisittoWashington,havesharplycriticizedanAmerican-backedaerialoffensivetoeradicatethousandsofhectaresofillegalcokeandpoppyplantations.Atanewsconferencethegovernorscalledforadifferentapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade,sayingthattheherbicidescurrentlybeingusedwereharmfultopublichealthandtheenvironment.4.Muchattentionhasbeendevotedtothethreatenedanimalspecies.Butwhataboutplantswhicharethefundamentalbasesoflife?Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.Sinceallfoodchainsbegininthesphereofplantlife,thisisbadnewsfortheanimalstoo,includinghumanswhodependonplantsnotonlyforfoodbutalsoformedicines,buildingmaterials,andothervitalpurposes.5.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally-awareisnowavailable,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages.”TheRotaryClubsinBoulderCountygottogetherwithlocalrecyclingandenvironmentalspecialiststoputtogetherthisfirsteverdirectory.Itincludesquickreferencetogreenproductsandservicesforrecycling,xeriscaping,energyconservation,andmore.The$5costhelpsraisefundsforthesponsoringgroups.PartIINewsReportBTrainingfocus:NewssummaryReportA.catastrophe:

asuddeneventthatcausesverygreattroubleordestructioncatastrophic:災難的;激變的

Geneva:日內瓦WorldMeteorologicalOrganization世界氣象組織specializedagencyoftheUnitedNations;establishedin1951withheadquartersatGeneva.WMOaimsatpromotinginternationalcooperationbetweentheworld'smeteorologicalstations,standardizingmeteorologicalobservations,encouragingresearchandtraining,andextendingtheuseofmeteorologicalfindingstodifferentfields.WMOoperatesthroughtheWorldMeteorologicalCongress(whichmeetsatleasteveryfouryears)withdelegatesfromitsentiremembership,anexecutivecommittee,atechnicalcommission,asecretariat,andsixregionalmeteorologicalassociationsinAfrica,Asia,SouthAmerica,NorthandCentralAmerica,SWPacific,andEurope.Ithas185members.scarcity:whensomethingisnoteasytofindorobtain:lack缺乏；不足；稀少thescarcityofwater:watershortagecommodity:asubstanceorproductthatcanbetraded,boughtorsold:商品theinternationalcommoditiesmarketobligation:aconditionorinfluencethatmakesitnecessaryforsomeonetodosomething;dutysanitary:cleanandnotdangerousforthehealth清潔的,衛(wèi)生的,保健的portable:

lightandsmallenoughtobeeasilycarriedormoved:

便于攜帶的;手提式的;輕便的aportableradio/telephone/computer

Listentothereportandcompletethenewssummary.Thisnewsreportisabout___________________________________.Itwillleadtocatastrophicconsequencesunless________________________________.ThesevereshortageofwaterinsomedevelopingnationsglobalsolutionsarefoundsoonListenagainandanswerthequestions:1.HowmanyexpertswillattendtheconferenceinGeneva?150.2.Whenwilltheconferencebegin?Monday.3.Whatwouldthesituationbelikeintheyear2025accordingtoArthurAskew?1billionpeoplecouldsufferfromascarcityofwater.4.Inwhichareascouldwatershortageproblemsmostprobablydevelop?MiddleEast,partsofAfrica,westernAsia,northeasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsorPakistanandMexico,partsofthePacificcoastoftheUniteStatesandSouthAmerica.5.WhatisthemoralobligationputforwardbyArthurAskew?Totreatwaterasapreciousresource.6.Howmuchwaterdoesapersonneedadaytosurvive?5liters.7.Howmuchwaterdoesapersonneedadaytolivecomfortably?50liters.8.Howmuchwaterarepeopleinmanycountriesnowusingeachday?500liters.Tapescript:TheUNwaterexpertsarewarningthataseverewatershortagewillhavewhattheycallcatastrophicconsequencesinsomedevelopingnationsunlessglobalsolutionsarefoundsoon.OnehundredandfiftyexpertsaroundtheworldwilldiscussthewatersituationataconferencebeginningMondayinGeneva.AtopofficialfromtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationArthurAskewsaysthatbytheyear2025,almost1billionpeoplecouldbelivinginareassufferingfromascarcityofwater.Hesaysthenumbercoulddoublebythemiddleofthenextcentury.MrAskewsaysoneareawithseriouswaterproblemsistheMiddleEast.Buthesaysofficialsintheareaarealreadyworkingonwaystodealwiththesituation.ExpertssaywatershortageproblemsalsocoulddevelopinpartsofAfricaandwesternAsiaaswellasnortheasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsofPakistanandMexico,andpartsofthePacificcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.MrAskewsaysthere’samoralobligationtotreatwaterasapreciousresourceandaneedtorealizethatlargeamountsofwaterareusedoftenwastefullyinfoodproductionandmanufacturing.“Allcommoditieshaveusedwaterintheirproductionandyoumustbeawarethereforethatifyou’reimportingfoodfromonecountrytoanotheryouareinfactimportingpartofthewaterresourcesofthatcountry.”MrAskewalsosayswatershortagesleadtoaconflictbetweenruralandurbandemands.“Inmanyregionsoftheworld,thewatercrisisisnotcomingbecauseofhumanconsumptiondirectlyforpotablewater,fordrinking,orforsanitarypurposes,it’scomingforagriculture.Andingeneralabout80percentofthewater,whichisconsumed,i.e.,isextractedfromtheriversorfromundergroundresourcesandisnotreturned,isforagriculture.Andthere’sconsiderablepressurenowontheagriculturalsectorstoseeiftheycannotusethatwateroreefficiently.MrAskewsaysit’sestimatedthatapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonlivescomfortablywithabout50litersaday.Buthesayspeopleinmanycountriesareusing500litersofwatereachday.Hesayswaysmustbefoundtoreducesuchoverusebeforeit’stoolate.PartIIICityRecyclingTrainingfocus:landfill:aplacewhererubbishisburied

垃圾填埋;垃圾填埋地recyclable:abletoberecycledeligible:

havingthenecessaryqualitiesorfulfillingthenecessaryconditions:法律上合格的Youmightbeeligibleforagrant.curbside:theareanearwherearoadandtheraisedpathnexttoit靠近路緣的人行道部分,路邊bustle:todothingsinahurriedandbusyway:

忙亂;奔忙Isatwatchinghousewivesbustleinandoutofthesupermarket.我坐著觀看家庭主婦們匆匆地進出超級市場。mound:alargepileofsomething:一大堆amoundofpotatoes/paperscommingle:mix混合

assort:classify把...分類;把...分級head-on

：正面的bin：垃圾箱，大儲藏箱forklike:像叉一樣的garbage:rubbishspiral:螺旋形的東西conveybelt:傳送帶sorter:分類機bale:大包,大捆beverage:drink（除水以外的）飲料

fuzz:細毛;絨毛forklift：鏟車,叉式升降機

CharlotteMecklenburg"RecycleNow"truck夏洛特梅克倫堡縣“即時垃圾車”NorthCaroline:美國北卡羅來納州AstateofthesoutheastUnitedStatesborderingontheAtlanticOcean.acenteroftobaccogrowingandprocessing.RaleighisthecapitalandCharlottethelargestcity.Population:8,540,000.北卡羅來納州

Listentothereportandnumberthefollowingmajorpointsaccordingtotheorderyouhearthem.(

)a.TheworkattheFCRprocessingcenter()b.ThesuccessofCharlotte’srecyclingprogram.()c.WhathappenstotherecyclablesfromFCR()d.CatherineSmith’srecyclablegarbage1234

Answerthequestions:1.Howmanyhouseholdsareeligibletoparticipateintherecyclingprogram?2.WhataresomeoftheitemsthatCatherineSmithputintoherredrecyclingbin?3.WhathappensafterCatherineputsoutherbin?130,00080%PlasticglasstincansnewspapersRecycletruckpicksitup.4.Wheredoestherecyclablematerialgoafteritispickedup?5.HowoftenistheusedmaterialdroppedoffatthecenteroperatedbyFCR?6.WhatdoesPaulaHoffmandoattherecyclingcenter?Oneofcommunity’srecyclingcenters.Eachweekday.Conductstoursoftheplant.7.Ofallthematerialbroughttothecenter,howmuchisnewsprint?8.WhathappenstothesortedandprocessedrecyclablesatFCR??

Soldtoothercompaniesthatmakethemintodifferentproducts.9.Whatalwayshappenstotheusedfoodandbeveragecontainers?10.HowsuccessfulisCharlotte’srecyclingprogram?

Madeintonewcontainers.OneofthetopfiveintheU.S.A.TheUnitedStatesisrunningoutoflandfillspace,placestoputitstrash.Becauseofthat,morecommunitiesareencouragingtheirresidentstorecycle,tosetasidecertainmaterialsthatwon’tgotothelandfill.Oneareathat’smettherecyclingchallengehead-on,isthesoutheastCityofCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Injustafewyears,itsrecyclingprogramhasbecomeoneofthecountry’smostsuccessful.

CatherineSmithlivesinoneofthe130,000eligiblerecyclinghouseholdsinCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Nearly80percentofthehouseholdsparticipateintheprogram.Eachweek,Smithgoestoherfrontporchandfillsherredplasticbinwithrecyclables.“You’vegotanyplasticcontainersmarkedoneortwo.You’vegotanyglass.Theyalsorecycletincansandnewspapers.Soallofthatcangointhecurbsidepick-upbin.”

“Well,thisistheeasypart.Thensomeone,ah,drivingaCharlotteMecklenburg‘RecycleNow’truckcomesand,usually,atsomepoint—tomorroworFriday—andtheypickitupatcurbside.Andthat’sit.”

Fromthere,Smith’scans,bottles,andnewspapersaretakentooneofthecommunity’srecyclilngcenters.TheCityofCharlotteactuallycontractswithaprivatecompanytoprocesstherecyclabes.

ThisplantisoperatedbyacompanycalledFCR.TherecyclingtruckspullintoFCReachweekdaymorningtodropofftheusedmaterial.Inside,theprocessingcenteratFCRisbustlingwithactivity.Oneofthefirstthingsyounoticeinthe26,000-square-footfacilityisahugemoundofmaterialscalledthe“comminglearea.”Basically,it’sabigpileofassortedtrash.Thereareforkliftstransportinggarbage,andpeoplesortingthroughit.PaulaHoffmaniseducationcoordinatoratFCR.Sheconductstoursoftheplantformorethanonethousandpeopleamonth.

“Thealuminumcans,thenumberoneandnumbertwoplasticcontainers,thespiralcans,theglassbottlesandjarsareallmixedtogetherintoahugepile.And…wearereceivingabout100tonsaday,whichis200,000pounds,soyoucanimaginehowmanybottlesandcansareinthatpile.”

“Canwewalkaroundalittlebit?”

“Asyoucansee,thebottlesandcansareridinguptheconveyorbelt,andthey’llenduponasortingstation,wheretherearetwelveworkersthatwillhand-sortthebottlesandcansandothercontainer