綜合換熱系數(shù)計算

電流i=16000A1、鋼電阻率：材料20°C200C400C600C800C1000C1陰極鋼棒2.5E-72.96E-74.93E-77.76E-71.12E-61.54E-6匕材料的電導率■U2-2 材柄的電刑率3"：。儼0m)Table2-2Theelectriccwiducciviryof[hemiterial5(編號7度]002()IJ40050060070080010003搗圃期73737J7J737.37373?3734鋼棒022A0.2M。用50.4910.62D.%0.931[i.m1318L.346齦粒30.切?(：■拘招3。30扣30Ml14嬰U.2260.29603850.4叫0,776U.931i.iiiI3I*J_.54頊七常仲.論文 篥二章偌屯解槽的七-碗-問右所析數(shù)，學物堆壁Ps:續(xù)波L2號、^度國料、^100200300頃500m70080090D100015鋼爪0.226C.296d.3850.62偵6M.311J151.31.81.5416磷生被33.1扮.733.733.7337邛一73JJ33.731717格導桿U.U4O750.D5250.0642?00760.0920.10B0.1650.2220.2375"25罰叩秩炭塊56.財56.2655.625JJJ95L794922543.抽J9.6I表3-2B糟所用材料的趨物姓參數(shù)表回（說明：T一絕對溫度，單位為K）材料名稱密度，kg.m3比熱，J?kg"?K'1比電阻，Q.m3.575X10-1.25X109T陰極碳塊1573/(1+7.9X10T)307/(1+4.3X10t)5.633X105-2X108T陰極鋼棒7830/(1+11.IX1(TT)465/(1+12.1X104T)2X107+9.6X10',oT表3-1 電解糟其它相關(guān)的姑枸參數(shù)名稱參數(shù)名稱參數(shù)鋼爪尺寸/nm132X132X286(4)鋁導桿的導電長度/皿1450鋼爪深度/mm100鋁導桿的橫栽面積/皿130X130電解槽相關(guān)的物性參數(shù)、工藝技術(shù)參數(shù)見表3-2、3-3：表3-2A 電解糟所用材料的熱物性參數(shù)表㈣材料名稱熱導率W-m'.K'*材料名稱熱導率W.?*.kh10.74+0.0046XT2.160.365X102T陰極碳塊5.57+0.00413XT槽幫結(jié)殼+0.0558XL0T陰極鋼棒58.85-0.0414XT3硅酸鈣板0.056(18P)4.97-0.869X10%槽底伸腿硅藻十.磚0.056(18r)H).098X10宇耐火磚0.641+0.39X10「T氧化鑰粉0.093+0.138X10氣<2-1材昇電隘隼口尸只皿｝村料此槌炭塊祖度泠、普通底琵煥石墨化旎塊陰段鋼旌液:鑫電解質(zhì)搗冏糊10W349.5022645E十3L7EH56知20032100曷丘45E+J3.9E-+456.20300311003354,她十39.8E+355瘀砌3010.50.49345E十32.4E+3沌觸500281L0.624JE+3600513960027IL50.7764JE+315051.797002611.50.93]電5E十385晚23?002512】』154.5E+37646.66900241213184.5E+36K43.3810002432.51544.5E+3603煩電解質(zhì)導電率分子比2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.83電阻率(E-3)5.75.65.45.25.15.04.93.82、導熱系數(shù):

1一材料的熱導率&2-1 材—導率葉珂(VUk?Tahle2-1The(hermalmndmiivi#Dflhtmaterials編.應(yīng)!DD2003CHJ如0500600700頗I0O0的炭決橫向3,9】43214.745.155&5.976J9成7.217632側(cè)境塊圾向7.117.527.948.35&769.179-5910.0010.4]10.833搗腳2.561X13.083343.604.7d5.887.028169J04鋼棒57.U5J.049.345.5捫.017.033.02S.528.027.50s前火磚0.350J7i0,390旬0.4J(US0.47在聘0.51Ik536焦粒*8土勰3.aJ3廊3.883.883.SS3.昭1.KK3.KK7冰品石1.071.091.1DIJ11J1I.M1.151一161-LR1.19gAljOj0.140.16&.I70J9D.200.2]0.230240.25(1279保淚1層D.l10J3原150.170」90.2]0.23<).250.27山叫10D.Q620.0620.V620JD620.062U.M20.0620.0620.0620,063II酎火麒村D.770.77司0570.770.770J?0.770.77Q.7?12混檢1.0240.240.240.270.270340.34034D..1413上剖始光107L091.IUI.H1.B1.141151.16]-L81.1914鋼殼57.00§30044.W4J5Q4】.痢37.(1031.002頃28.0027.515鋼爪潟礎(chǔ)沁；49J245.63413237.032.752B.528.027.516礴生鐵51.2551.2551.2551.2551.2551.2^51.2551,2551.2551.2517鋁導H206.02U229■2前.口密0287.01D4.0L22.O14(1.01商18陽碾炭玦4.2874,4534.們94.7S64,9525.1195.28553685.4515.617材料200°C400C600C800C1000C槽殼6453.242.431.620.8輕質(zhì)耐火磚0.961.051.141.231.32防滲料0.430.50.570.660.74大面碳氮化硅炭塊3832.92824.521硅酸鈣板0.0670.10.1220.1440.166電極4.4534.7865.1195.3865.617電解質(zhì)空氣0.03930.05210.06220.07180.0807電阻率材料200C400C600C800C1000C陰極鋼棒0.296E-60.493E-60.776E-61.115E-61.54E-6銅1.75E-81.硅酸仍板(僵比重0334g/cm5)A=0.047+0>234X10_,(T-200)2■軾化鋁粉〔含叱格6組暮)A=0.166+0.293x10*^(7-300)保溫履在鋁電解槽if更用過，假比也0.72g/m?)A-0；184+0.068X10"3(r-100)耐火邳企衍電解槽I節(jié)用過,眼比重2.I4g/mJ>A=0,047+0.234X10*(7-200)陽極鋼棒A=56.6+0.0545(7-200)6」田快炭坎Ui-ffi電解槽匕使用過)A-2.3+5.78XlO*3(r-3W)7.底柳(在割電解槽I:使用過，且比審一2.02g/cmJ'假比重LMg/m’/EL率294%5A=2.98+2,05x10—5(7-300)8制都炭塊M節(jié)也解槽上使用過》A=<L30S+4.2S"(T-300)側(cè)部結(jié)弟假比重2,06t/cm3冷軾化帆46,2%)；二0.825+0.55xh)t(T-300)上部結(jié)抵1K比重2JMg/oa??含權(quán)化餡26.0%)A=0.930+0,38x1E)t(t-3KI)1L外部梢體機殼頃］A=43J

招4-3「業(yè)船值ftM質(zhì)ft'J電半況雄/水平流速之間的美市GF——15T引捐冏/蚤￥I?1松1■〃燈mi』速年人蒯帝竹電神常屯流密度1H此F,對您慵用woJ4*i『，>Vai〉i村n蜻牌來七2<JX '■Ai Hi蜓；.氏'「待刊?"：j"切勺.n-At。 ；I仙到棋部ft郴始克上間的HU如nu無七電禪些爆怵之lid的換緋系數(shù)…K兒個80kA的閘館中陽屯解槽上折;-J!都的結(jié)K在出.下同電解信的電解可胳體與岫片之間的換熱系數(shù)并不寵全一樣■最大的在1640W/（rnLKE右5j對于A￡數(shù)電解精而言l般山870~1400W/（m2*K^間°表4-1液體材料的熱學性質(zhì)池體名稱導熱系數(shù)4（陟/物.幻）池體名稱導熱系數(shù)必陟/（幽幻）水0.564(T=38.71C)陪渣3.45(T=15931C)苯0.125(T=80.5°C)鋁裱83.7氟鹽4.758(T=482.51C)錫襁33.5序號材料200°C400C600C800C900C1000C1鋼棒6453.242.431.626.220.82陶瓷纖維板0.1533陰極炭塊2925.6422.6221.1120.18204空氣0.03930.05210.06220.07180.07630.0807

5槽殼6453.242.431.626.220.83、密度序號材料200°C400C600C800C900C1000C1鋼棒78502陶瓷纖維板3003陰極炭塊15604空氣0.7460.5250.4040.3290.3015槽殼7850標準大氣壓下，空氣密度=1.293X273.15/(273.15+t)3、比熱容3.村料的比熱、密.度和結(jié)構(gòu)物性參數(shù)表叫材料的物性參數(shù)時咧]ab]e2-3Thedensity^capacityandrelativestmcluralprapcrtie2)of1humakiiih蜻號4名制密度比熱<Mk￡.K)彈性模制.(GPa)袱膨服系數(shù)(10如)泊松Lt1雄饋塊■1672-2劉希換塊1.5217002U.27.1].44I2&90.C20.254明極鋼棒7.8546520012［頑5耐火荷1443心5.21).25! 6連粒1.56150087.OS0.27冰晶石2.70851644?0.2S底部A1A湖2.2122(1200291舞溫層0.5L0S680 _6.540,2210硅酸胃板0.22I0M806.54U.2H耐火顆粒11SO7.US0.1612混強十1.2920231。0.2131.麻結(jié)足].31315SO402國表7.85500m30〔)一3(5銅爪3.0500m20Q.2916磷生鐵7.085544L79150.2Q17鋁導桿2.79007(J23.60.29IK陽核炭塊13544.81.670.2序號材料200C400C600C800C900C1000C

1鋼棒4775155656787037032陶瓷纖維板850(平均)3陰極炭塊1202(300°C)4空氣103410681089111411275槽殼477515565678703703表5 石油焦比墊容cp(j/(e-T!))與煨疑溫度及測試溫度的關(guān)系(TC)測試溫度煨燒溫度80010001200130014001700200.8920.8160.8040.80.T661001.0891.0010.9340.9250.9210.8T92001.2181.1511.0891.081.0T61.043300I.35T1.2941.235I.22T1.2181.202400I.49I1.4321.3941.3821.3T31.35T5001.621.553I.51II.50T1.5031.491600I.T1T1.6411.6081.5951.58T1.583TOOI.T961.T04I.6T9I.6TI1.6661.6458001.831.T54I.T25I.T1T1.T12I.T9001.T92I.T6TI.T58I.T51.T3310001.8131.T92I.TT91.T6T1.T54、換熱系數(shù)鋼棒總平均換熱系數(shù)二(82.6X2+91.5+89.5)/4=86.6鋼罩的總換熱系數(shù)：上、側(cè)部二18.4下部二8.1鋼罩及鋼棒體外表面與環(huán)境之間對流和輻射散熱，其總對流傳熱系數(shù)為自然對流傳熱系數(shù)和輻射傳熱系數(shù)之和。根據(jù)傳熱學原理可用下式計算總對流傳熱系數(shù)：h=h+o￡(T4-T4)/(T-T)

f0 0Sb Sb上式中：h是外表面的散熱系數(shù)，W/(m2.K)fTs是外表面絕對溫度，K；Tb是環(huán)境絕對溫度，K；。。是斯蒂芬一波爾茲曼常數(shù)，5.667X10-8W.K-4；￡是鋼外表面的黑度取0.8h是鋼外表面與環(huán)境的對流換熱系數(shù)，w/(m2?K)，計算公式0如下：向上平面：h0=1.52(TS-Tb)1/3垂直面：h0=1.31(TS-Tb)1/3向下平面：％=0.58[(氣-Tb)/L]1/4其中：L是水平面的短邊長度取空氣溫度為25°C取側(cè)面鋼罩外側(cè)面溫度為200C取底面鋼罩外側(cè)面溫度為100C取上面鋼罩外側(cè)面溫度為200C鋼殼黑度取0.8鋼棒與空氣換熱系數(shù):向上平面：ho=1.52(Ts-Tb)1/3=1.52[(800-25)]1/3=14向下平面：％=0.58[(氣-Tb)/L]1/4=0.58[(800-25)/0.09]w=5.6垂直面考慮：％=1.31(氣-T「1/3=1.31[(800-25)]1/3=12鋼棒輻射系數(shù)：a。￡(叮-T；)/(Ts-Tb)=5.667E-8X0.8(10734-2984)/(1073-298)=77.5鋼殼與空氣換熱系數(shù)：向上平面：%=1.52(氣-Tb)1/3=1.52[(200-25)]1/3=8.5向下平面：％=0.58[(氣-Tb)/L]1/4=0.58[(100-25)/0.34]1/4=2.24垂直面考慮：％=1.31(氣-T「1/3=1.31[(200-25)]1/3=7.3鋼殼側(cè)部、上部輻射系數(shù)：a?！?叮-T『)/(Ts-Tb)=5.667E-8X0.8(4734-2984)/(473-298)=10.9鋼殼下部輻射系數(shù)：a?！?叮-T『)/(Ts-Tb)=5.667E-8X0.8(3734-2984)/(373-298)=6.9因此：鋼棒的總換熱系數(shù)上h=91.5下h=82.6側(cè)h=89.5鋼棒總平均換熱系數(shù)二(82.6X2+91.5+89.5)/4=86.6鋼罩的總換熱系數(shù)：上、側(cè)部=18.4下部=8.1

表5 石油蕉比墊容cp(j/(g*^))與煨燒溫度及測試溫度的關(guān)系(TC)0.70-0.&5-8:件爹浮1.-慮笠0.70-0.&5-8:件爹浮1.-慮笠0.60-0.55'-050-——岡夸碳量&9.CS——岡奢碳量原鱉4帛——岡套疏景。.待盅——岡套■勰量0.54思T岡套破量0MKG%T岡啻碳量U；裕村——岡含旎景。;耳典%——岡咨破堇i.14腭f鐵測試溫度堰費溫度80010001200130014001700200.8920.8160.8040.80.T661001.0891.0010.9340.9250.9210.8T92001.2181.1511.0891.081.0T61.043300I.35T1.2941.235I.22T1.2181.202400I.49I1.4321.3941.3821.3T31.35T5001.621.553I.51II.50T1.5031.491600I.T1T1.6411.6081.5951.58T1.583TOOI.T961.T04I.6T9I.6TI1.6661.6458001.831.T54I.T25I.T1T1.T12I.T9001.T92I.T6TI.T58I.T51.T3310001.8131.T92I.TT91.T6T1.T5溫度鋼含碳量0,.0■或;鋼含碳量8鮑通；鋼含碳量&3%鋼含碳量0；R4%鋼含碳量禰