節(jié)制桿式制退機(jī)計(jì)算

目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u5264后坐正面問題計(jì)算以及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 1252841自由后坐運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算 2185351.1彈丸在膛內(nèi)時(shí)期時(shí)（0<t<tg） 2138801.2有炮口制退器時(shí)火藥氣體后效期（tg<t≤tk） 5288692復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)工作參數(shù)確定 8216442.1液體彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)初力的確定 8206422.2壓縮比Cm確定 9288952.3彈簧剛度K的確定：為彈簧預(yù)壓縮量 9196432.4液體彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)末力的確定 9244162.5彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)力的變化規(guī)律曲線 9293993后坐制動(dòng)圖參數(shù)計(jì)算 928244制退后坐運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算及運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)曲線 11255244.2火藥氣體后效期（tg≤t≤tk） 12241634.3慣性后坐時(shí)期（tk＜t≤tλ） 14263535制退機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸確定和節(jié)制桿尺寸計(jì)算 1539435.1節(jié)制桿式制退機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 1530275.2制退機(jī)液壓阻力及流液孔面積計(jì)算 18165395.3節(jié)制桿理論外形尺寸的計(jì)算 246節(jié)制桿理論外形的初調(diào)整168476.1起始段調(diào)整 26180436.2中間段調(diào)整 26109576.3終了段調(diào)整 261自由后坐運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算1.1彈丸在膛內(nèi)時(shí)期時(shí)（0<t<tg）根據(jù)已經(jīng)給定參數(shù),查找所要的參數(shù)如表所示：口徑：d=23mm最大射角：彈丸質(zhì)量：m=0.2kg裝藥質(zhì)量：炮膛橫截面積：后座部分質(zhì)量：炮口制退器效率：火藥氣體作用系數(shù)：1.575后座長度：某瞬時(shí)后坐部分的絕對(duì)速度和后坐位移分別為W和L,彈丸的速度和位移分別為v和l，則有： 根據(jù)已給的初值計(jì)算得：序號(hào)t(ms)v(m/s)W(m/s)l(m)L(m)00000010.660.650.56270.00080.0000021.0131.41.21910.025390.000231.2227.12.10710.061160.000541.6291.82.70740.187040.001752.0499.44.63360.366810.003462.2538.95.00010.470770.004372.39572.15.30810.581970.005382.59599.55.56230.699240.006492.79621.55.76640.821450.0076102.99640.65.94370.947750.0087113.19663.66.15711.077500.0099123.59682.36.33061.345500.0124133.62684.06.34641.36600.01261)彈丸速度隨時(shí)間的變化曲線2）自由后坐速度隨時(shí)間的變化曲線 3）彈丸行程隨時(shí)間的變化曲線4）自由后坐行程隨時(shí)間的變化曲線彈丸脫離炮口時(shí)膛內(nèi)的平均壓力為Pg=29.5MPa,一般取僅考慮彈丸旋轉(zhuǎn)和摩擦兩種次要功的計(jì)算系數(shù),次要功系數(shù)為次要功系數(shù)為:彈丸脫離炮口時(shí)的炮膛合力：1.2有炮口制退器時(shí)火藥氣體后效期（tg<t≤tk）某瞬時(shí)后坐部分的速度和位移分別為W，L時(shí)間常數(shù)：后效期作用時(shí)間：后效期結(jié)束時(shí)的時(shí)間：=0.01812s炮口制退器沖量特征量后效期結(jié)束時(shí)的后座位移：火藥氣體后效時(shí)期數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算如在后面的表中?；鹚帤怏w后效時(shí)期數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算（自由后坐）序號(hào)時(shí)間(ms)W(m/s)L(m)13.62006.34640.012723.86586.42200.014234.11156.49130.015844.35736.55490.017454.60316.61320.019164.84896.66660.020775.09466.71560.022385.34046.76050.024095.58626.80170.0257105.83206.83950.0273116.07776.87410.0290126.32356.90580.0307136.56936.93490.0324146.81516.96160.0341157.06086.98610.0358167.30667.00850.0375177.55247.02910.0393187.79827.04800.0410198.04397.06520.0427208.28977.08110.0445218.53557.09560.0462228.78137.10900.0480239.02707.12120.0497249.27287.13240.0515259.51867.14270.0532269.76447.15210.05502710.01017.16070.05672810.25597.16860.05852910.50177.17590.06033010.74757.18260.06203110.99327.18870.06383211.23907.19430.06563311.48487.19940.06733411.73067.20410.06913511.97637.20840.07093612.22217.21240.07263712.46797.21600.07443812.71377.21930.07623912.95947.22240.07804013.20527.22520.07974113.45107.22770.08154213.69687.23010.08334313.94257.23220.08514414.18837.23420.08684514.43417.23600.08864614.67997.23770.09044714.92567.23920.09224815.17147.24060.09404915.41727.24190.09575015.66307.24300.09755115.90877.24410.09935216.15457.24510.10115316.40037.24600.10295416.64617.24680.10465516.89187.24760.10645617.13767.24830.10825717.38347.24890.11005817.62927.24950.11185917.87497.25010.11356018.12077.25050.11531)膛內(nèi)和后效期時(shí)期的tz-Wz曲線2)繪制膛內(nèi)時(shí)期和后效期時(shí)期的tz-Lz曲線2復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)工作參數(shù)確定復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)為彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)。2.1液體彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)初力的確定要保證在整個(gè)射角范圍內(nèi)保持后坐部分處于待發(fā)位置，并且即使后坐部分有微小位移是，能克服各種摩擦力，將后坐部分推回原位。因此復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)的初力由下式確定：=294N式中：為一經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)。當(dāng)f=0.16，時(shí)，查表與的關(guān)系有：，，g取。2.2壓縮比Cm確定彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)的壓縮比Cm通常在2左右，故Cm取2.05。2.3彈簧剛度K的確定：為彈簧預(yù)壓縮量2.4液體彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)末力的確定2.5彈簧式復(fù)進(jìn)機(jī)力的變化規(guī)律曲線3后坐制動(dòng)圖參數(shù)計(jì)算根據(jù)所選擇的后坐制動(dòng)圖，需要計(jì)算制動(dòng)圖上各特征點(diǎn)的參數(shù)值，以確定后坐阻力曲線。該設(shè)計(jì)中選用固定火炮第二類后坐制動(dòng)圖，需要確定、。3.1后坐阻力的初始值3.2后坐阻力的確定計(jì)算得3.3第二類固定炮后坐制動(dòng)圖當(dāng)時(shí)相對(duì)速度：當(dāng)時(shí)相對(duì)后坐形成：當(dāng)出炮口時(shí)間：后效期結(jié)束時(shí)的時(shí)間：自由后坐結(jié)束的時(shí)間：繪制第二類固定炮后坐制動(dòng)圖4制退后坐運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算及運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)曲線制退后坐運(yùn)動(dòng)用轉(zhuǎn)換方程4.1彈丸在膛內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期（0≤t≤tg）計(jì)算結(jié)果列表:膛內(nèi)時(shí)期T（ms）vxFR（kN）00000.60.54450.00000.425711.18040.00020.73091.22.05550.00051.03621.62.62510.00171.341424.51380.00331.64662.24.85910.00431.95192.395.14530.00532.25712.595.37500.00632.56232.795.55660.00742.86762.995.70220.00853.17283.195.88600.00973.47803.595.99530.01203.78333.626.00590.01224.08854.2火藥氣體后效期（tg≤t≤tk）這一時(shí)期后坐阻力為，積分初始條件為：，，對(duì)后坐阻力積分得：代入轉(zhuǎn)換方程計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)如表所示?；鹚帤怏w后效期tvx3.62006.00590.01223.86586.03970.01374.11156.06710.01524.35736.08880.01674.60316.10520.01824.84896.11680.01975.09466.12390.02125.34046.12700.02275.58626.12630.02425.83206.12220.02576.07776.11500.02726.32356.10480.02876.56936.09210.03026.81516.07690.03177.06086.05950.03327.30666.04000.03477.55246.01870.03627.79825.99570.03768.04395.97120.03918.28975.94510.04068.53555.91780.04208.78135.88930.04359.02705.85960.04499.27285.82900.04649.51865.79740.04789.76445.76490.049210.01015.73170.050610.25595.69770.052010.50175.66310.053410.74755.62790.054810.99325.59220.056211.23905.55590.057611.48485.51910.058911.73065.48200.060311.97635.44440.061612.22215.40650.063012.46795.36830.064312.71375.32970.065612.95945.29090.066913.20525.25180.068213.45105.21250.069513.69685.17300.070813.94255.13330.072014.18835.09340.073314.43415.05330.074514.67995.01310.075814.92564.97280.077015.17144.93230.078215.41724.89170.079415.66304.85100.080615.90874.81020.081816.15454.76930.083016.40034.72840.084116.64614.68730.085316.89184.64620.086517.13764.60510.087617.38344.56380.088717.62924.52260.089817.87494.48120.090918.12074.43980.09204.3慣性后坐時(shí)期（tk＜t≤tλ）此時(shí)期后坐阻力的變化規(guī)律為將制退方程改寫成為：，按初始條件：時(shí)，積分得：當(dāng)后坐結(jié)束時(shí)，，，，則后坐結(jié)束時(shí)刻為：將慣性時(shí)期內(nèi)的位移分為N段取N=5，則dx=0.0116m計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)如表所示：慣性后座時(shí)期tvx18.12074.43980.092018.12353.96980.103618.12663.43620.115218.13032.80270.126818.13521.97560.138418.146800.1500運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)曲線5制退機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸確定和節(jié)制桿尺寸計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)選用典型的節(jié)制桿式制退機(jī)，制退機(jī)力5.1節(jié)制桿式制退機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)制退機(jī)工作長度制退機(jī)工作長度，式中：為最大后坐長度；為制退活塞長度，d=23mm,一般取；e為考慮裝配誤差及極限射擊條件而保留的余量，一般取e=30mm。計(jì)算得。制退桿活塞的工作面積A0制退機(jī)活塞工作面積A0應(yīng)從制退機(jī)工作腔最大壓力滿足密封裝置的可靠性要求和制退機(jī)液體溫升滿足火炮射擊發(fā)數(shù)和射速的要求來確定。計(jì)算得。的選取應(yīng)考慮制退機(jī)密封裝置的可靠性。選用石棉織物填料，取，則A0=0.m2。按結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸估算制退機(jī)的液量：計(jì)算得按自由后坐能量估算液量：計(jì)算得，與上式估算液量值相差不大，選取合適。制退筒內(nèi)徑及制退桿外徑由和得：取經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)γ=1.9計(jì)算得。計(jì)算得。制退桿內(nèi)腔直徑制退桿內(nèi)腔直徑根據(jù)制退桿拉伸強(qiáng)度和受內(nèi)壓的薄壁圓筒強(qiáng)度來確定。當(dāng)制退機(jī)為桿后坐時(shí)，有：式中：FI為制退桿的慣性力；Fz為制退桿密封裝置的摩擦力；[σ]為制退桿材料的許用拉伸應(yīng)力。制退桿慣性力為：式中：mg為制退桿與活塞的質(zhì)量。假設(shè)制退桿腔室為厚壁圓筒，則有：所以選取制退桿材料的許用應(yīng)力[σ]時(shí)，安全系數(shù)取3。制退桿材料一般用40Cr，其σs=570MPa，[σ]=σs/3=190MPa復(fù)進(jìn)節(jié)制器工作面積：計(jì)算得。初步受內(nèi)壓的薄壁圓筒強(qiáng)度估算時(shí)?。河?jì)算得。受內(nèi)壓的薄壁圓筒強(qiáng)度校核：（取復(fù)進(jìn)節(jié)制器溝槽最大深度為hm=2mm）代入計(jì)算得，故強(qiáng)度能滿足要求，所以取。節(jié)制環(huán)直徑節(jié)制環(huán)直徑的選擇主要取決于制退桿與節(jié)制桿調(diào)速筒的裝配關(guān)系。對(duì)于<的結(jié)構(gòu)，支流最小截面積A1可能出現(xiàn)在制退桿內(nèi)壁與節(jié)制桿最大直徑的環(huán)形間隙處。為了確保A1，與之間的間隙應(yīng)足夠大，一般取。節(jié)制環(huán)面積計(jì)算得。制退桿外徑制退桿外徑由強(qiáng)度確定，即DT=26.6mm,P1max=10MPa,[σ]=190MPa計(jì)算得，為了保證必要的剛度，制退筒最薄處壁厚應(yīng)不小于5mm，。5.2制退機(jī)液壓阻力及流液孔面積計(jì)算1）連續(xù)方程：主流：支流：求得：，。伯努利方程：主流：支流：求得，，所以要保證制退桿內(nèi)腔充滿，則>0，，由于和是后坐行程的函數(shù)，在（對(duì)應(yīng)后坐速度）時(shí)有最大值，計(jì)算得。液壓阻力方程：計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果如表所示。節(jié)制桿式制退機(jī)的液壓阻力系數(shù)K1和K2值通常為：K1=（1.2~1.6），K2=（2~4）K1，取K1=1.5，K2=3K1=4.5。制退液選用斯切奧爾制退液，其密度為ρ=1168.5kg/m3(150℃時(shí))。2）計(jì)算流液孔面積計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)如表所示，理論計(jì)算的變化規(guī)律如圖曲線(kN)(m)X(m)(m)0.0000000.00710.60710.03850.00000.00671.01140.06550.00020.00641.21310.10720.00050.00601.61540.12000.00170.00592.01680.20300.00330.00492.21730.21050.00430.00482.40740.21530.00530.00472.60760.21640.00630.00472.80770.21530.00740.00473.00780.21270.00850.00483.20780.21260.00970.00483.60760.20110.01200.00493.63760.20050.01220.00493.63760.20050.01220.00493.63460.20210.01370.00493.63150.20350.01520.00493.62840.20460.01670.00493.62540.20550.01820.00493.62230.20620.01970.00483.61920.20660.02120.00483.61610.20690.02270.00483.61300.20700.02420.00483.60990.20690.02570.00483.60680.20670.02720.00483.60370.20630.02870.00483.60060.20590.03020.00493.59750.20530.03170.00493.59450.20460.03320.00493.59140.20380.03470.00493.58830.20300.03620.00493.58530.20200.03760.00493.58230.20100.03910.00493.57930.19990.04060.00493.57630.19880.04200.00493.57330.19760.04350.00503.57030.19640.04490.00503.56740.19520.04640.00503.56440.19390.04780.00503.56150.19250.04920.00503.55860.19120.05060.00503.55570.18980.05200.00513.55280.18840.05340.00513.55000.18690.05480.00513.54710.18550.05620.00513.54430.18400.05760.00513.54150.18250.05890.00513.53870.18100.06030.00523.53600.17950.06160.00523.53320.17800.06300.00523.53050.17650.06430.00523.52780.17500.06560.00523.52510.17350.06690.00533.52240.17190.06820.00533.51980.17040.06950.00533.51720.16890.07080.00533.51460.16730.07200.00533.51200.16580.07330.00543.50940.16420.07450.00543.50690.16270.07580.00543.50430.16120.07700.00543.50180.15960.07820.00543.49930.15810.07940.00543.49690.15660.08060.00553.49440.15500.08180.00553.49200.15350.08300.00553.48960.15200.08410.00553.48720.15050.08530.00553.48490.14900.08650.00553.48250.14740.08760.00563.48020.14590.08870.00563.47790.14440.08980.00563.47560.14290.09090.00563.47340.14140.09200.00563.47340.14140.09200.00563.46710.13720.09510.00573.46080.13280.09810.00573.45450.12840.10120.00583.44830.12390.10420.00583.44200.11930.10730.00593.43570.11450.11030.00593.42940.10960.11340.00603.42310.10460.11640.00603.41690.09940.11950.00613.41060.09400.12250.00613.40430.08830.12560.00623.39800.08230.12860.00633.39180.07590.13170.00633.38550.06900.13470.00