大學(xué)英語語法2-賓語補(bǔ)語課件

CollegeEnglishGrammar:

GrammarandWritingCollegeEnglishGrammar:

1Unit2Basicpartsofasentence(II)

Grammar:

1.Objectandcomplement

2．BasicsentencestructuresWriting:

Correcting:Run-onSentence

Rewriting:TheimportanceofthesubjectUnit2Basicpartsofasentenc2Objectandcomplement

Generally,verbscanbeputintotwo:linkingverbsandactionverbs.Bothofthemrequireawordtocompletetheirmeaning.Wecancallsuchawordcomplement.Thecomplementofalinkingverbiscalledapredicativeorasubjectcomplement,whichdescribesorrenamesthesubject.Forexample:

MyfavoriteplaywrightisWilliamShakespeare.MarkTwainbecameapilotonasteamboat.Shefeltuneasyinthecrowd.

Objectandcomplement3Thecomplementofanactionverbiscalledanobject.Subjectisthedoeroftheaction,andtheobjectisthereceiveroftheaction.

Theoldmancaughtabigfish.Herhusbandfrequentlybeather.Myuncleeventuallygaveupsmoking.

Thecomplementofanaction4Sometimesactionverbshavetwodifferentobjects:directobjectandindirectobject.Directobjectisthereceiveroftheactionwhileanindirectobjectisthereceiverofthedirectobject.Forinstance：

Harryboughthissonanewschool-bag.

Usually,apreposition“to”or“for”canbeputinfrontoftheindirectobject.Forexample,

1.Theoldmanlefthisdaughteralargehouse.(Theoldmanleftalargehouseforhisdaughter.)

2.Jimpresentedhisgirlfriendabunchofflowers.(Jimpresentedabunchofflowerstohisgirlfriend.)Sometimesactionverbsha5

Adverbialsindicatestime,place,manner,andreasons.Theyanswerquestionssuchaswhen,where,howandwhy.Adverbialscanbeadverbs,prepositionalphrases,oradverbialclauses.

Asarule,alongadverbialareplacedattheendofasentence,whileshortadverbialsareflexibletolocate:atthebeginning,inthemiddleorattheendmaybeallright.Forinstance

1.Thetrainwillarrivenextmorning.2.Hecarefullydrovehiscartothestation.3.Verysoon,sheknewthefullstory.

Adverbialsindicatestim6Exercises1:

Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence.Omitwordsthatareneedlesslyrepeated,butdon'tleaveoutanyimportantdetails.Keepinmindthatmanycombinationsarepossible,andthere'snosinglecorrectone.

Themanhandedaphotoofagirl.

Thephotowastome.

Hedidthatsilently.

Themanwasold.

Thegirlwaspretty.Theoldmansilentlyhandedaphotoofaprettygirltome.

Itwasthefirsttimeinhislife.

Hebecameaboss.

Hewasproud.

Heownedabook-store.Heproudlybecameabossofabook-storeforthefirsttimeinhislife.

Exercises1:

Combinethesent7Wehavemovedintoahouse.

Wedidthatrecently

Thehousewasnew.

Ithadsingle-storied.Wehavemovedintoanewsingle-storiedhouserecently.

4.Itoccurredashortwhileago.

Mybrotherhelpedme.

Wecarriedabookcaseupthestairs.

Thebookcasewasveryheavy.Ashortwhileago,mybrotherhelpedmecarryaveryheavybookcaseupthestairs.

5.Thefiremenhaveputoutaforestfire.

Thefiremendidthatatlast.

Thefirewasbig.

ThefirebrokeoutinCalifornia.AtlastthefiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.大學(xué)英語語法2——賓語補(bǔ)語ppt課件8Basicsentencestructures

Structure1:S-PTheS-Psentencestructureismadeupofanoun,pronoun,orother

nominalasthesubjectofthesentenceandanintransitive

verborverbphraseasthepredicate.Deaddogdon’tbite.Moneytalks.

Structure2:S-IV-CThewordsactingasapredicativemaybeaprepositionalphrasetoshowtheplaceofthesubject,oranountoidentifyorrenamethesubject,oranadjectivetoindicatethestateofthesubject.Speechisthepictureofmind.Thefiremenareinsidethebuilding.

BasicsentencestructuresStru9Structure3:S-P-OTheverbactingasapredicateintheS-P-Osentencestructureisatransitiveverb,whichmaytakeadirectobjectorbothadirectobjectandanindirectobject.Povertytriesfriends.TheLiberianhandedmeaSpanishdictionary.

Structure4:S-P-O-AThewordsactingasanadverbialcanbeadverbs,prepositionalphrases,oradverbialclauses,providinginformationabouttime,place,manner,andreasons.Younevermissthewatertillthewellrunsdry.Nomancanmakeagoodcoatwithbadcloth.Structure5:S-P-O-OCDifferentfromanindirectobjectwhichisthereceiverofthedirectobject,anobjectcomplementistocompletethemeaningofthedirectobject.Thewordsactingasanobjectcomplementcanbenouns,adjectivesorprepositionalphrases.Thevillagersfoundtheirbedroomsankle-deepinwater.Thefriendlymoodmakesuscomfortable.

Structure3:S-P-O10Exercises2:Combinethesentences

Ifeltpleasedwithmybargain

Mypleasurewasespecial.

Mybargainwaswonderful.Ifeltespeciallypleasedwithmywonderfulbargain.

Peoplefindthissortofjoke.

Thesepeopleareforeign.

Thissortofjokearedistasteful.Foreignpeoplefindthissortofjokedistasteful.

Advertisingexertsaninfluence.

Theinfluenceissubtle.

Theinfluenceisonchildren.Advertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonchildren.

Exercises2:Combinethesente11

Iwasbeingtested.

Thetestwasforadrivinglicense.

Itwasthethirdtime.Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.

Amurdercrossedtheroad.

Theroadwasinfrontofme.

Hedidthatwithasudden.Amurdersuddenlycrossedtheroadinfrontofme.

Thescientistsetuphiscamp.

Hedidthatsuccessfully.

Hiscampwasveryclosetothevolcano.

Thevolcanowasactive.Thescientistsetuphiscampveryclosetotheactivevolcanosuccessfully.

Iwasbeingtested.

Thete12Run-onSentenceArun-onsentenceistwoormorecompletesentenceswrittenasthoughtheywereonesentence.1.CommaspliceThemostcommonkindofrun-onsentenceisperhapsacommasplice,whichoccurswhentwomainclausesareseparatedbyacommaratherthanbyasemicolonoraperiod.Forinstance:Tomisamanager,heisworkingforabigcompany.Foursolutionsareavailable:1)Replacethecommawithaperiodandbeginthenewsentencewithacapitalletter.

Tomisamanager.Heisworkingforabigcompany.2)Turnoneofthesentencesintoaphrase.

Asamanager,Tomisworkingforabigcompany.Tomisamanager,workingforabigcompany.Run-onSentenceArun-on13

Twomoresolutionsareavailable:Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,forsomereason,itcouldnotbeusedthen.

3)Placeasemicolonbetweenthetwomainclauses.

Theairportwasbuiltyearsago;forsomereason,itcouldnotbeusedthen.4)Addacoordinatingconjunctionafterthecomma.

Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,butforsomereason,itcouldnotbeusedthen.

Twomoresolutionsareava142.Twomainclauseswithnopunctuationbetweenthem.ItwaswarmlastSundayIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.

Threesolutionsareavailable:1)Separatethesentenceswithaperiodandbeginthesecondsentencewithacapitalletter.ItwaswarmlastSunday.Iwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.2)Separatethesentenceswithasemicolon.ItwaswarmlastSunday;Iwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.3)Addacommaandacoordinatingconjunctionbetweenthesentences.ItwaswarmlastSunday,soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.2.Twomainclauseswithnopu15Exercises:Correctthefollowingrun-ons.

1.Shedroppedtheletterinthebox,thensheregrettedmailingit.2.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,heisfindingthistripveryexciting.3.Lateraneighbortoldmeabouther,hernameisJaneEarl.4.Wewaitedandwaited,atthesametime,nothinghappened.5.Iamanartstudent,usuallyIpaintalotofpictures.6.Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel,thenIaskedapoliceman.7.Shethrewthebottleintothesea,thensheneverthoughtofitagain8.Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,forsomereason,itcouldnotbeusedthen.9.Somefishermendon’tcatchfish,instead,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.10.Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimes,atlastheunderstood.Exercises:Correctthefollowi16Correcting:1.Shedroppedtheletterinthebox,andthensheregrettedmailingit.2.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.3.Lateraneighbourtoldmeabouther.HernameisJaneEarl.4.Wewaitedandwaited.Atthesametime,nothinghappened.5.Iamanartstudent,andusuallyIpaintalotofpictures.6.Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel,andthenIaskedapoliceman.7.Shethrewthebottleintothesea,andthensheneverthoughtofitagain8.Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,butforsomereason,itcouldnotbeusedthen.9.Somefishermendon’tcatchfish.Instead,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.10.Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimes.Atlastheunderstood.Correcting:1.Shedroppedthe17Theexerciseinthissectionistocreateeffectivepassagesbycombiningtheshortsentenceswhichyouthinkisrelatedintolonger,morecomplexones.Iftherearesomemistakes,correctthem.Passage1(AdaptedfromLesson16,NewConceptEnglishby

L.G.Alexander)

Yourcarisparkedbyyouinthewrongplace.Itwillsoonbefoundbyatrafficpoliceman.Youarele